水芹(Oenanthe javaica)浸出液对小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)生长及超微结构的影响

采用在不同浓度水芹(Oenanthe javaica)浸出液中纯培养小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)的方法,研究水芹浸出液对小球藻细胞数量、叶绿素含量和藻细胞超微结构的影响。结果显示,10 g.L-1水芹浸出液对小球藻的生长和叶绿素含量具有明显的促进作用;20 g.L-1水芹浸出液处理组藻细胞数量和叶绿素含量增加持续至第7天,但增幅低于对照组,7 d后抑制作用增强;高浓度(30～50 g.L-1)水芹浸出液对小球藻细胞数量和叶绿素含量的抑制作用在第5天开始变得显著,并随时间延长而加剧,具有浓度效应;经40 g.L-1水芹浸出液处理后,小球藻细胞壁断裂甚至消失,细胞中叶绿体片层肿胀甚至解体,核膜破裂,核质外渗。结果表明水芹浸出液对小球藻具有化感效应,总体呈现低浓度促进、高浓度抑制的规律。     

镉胁迫对龙葵幼苗氮代谢及其相关酶活性的影响

采用营养液培养方法,研究了系列镉浓度处理对龙葵（Solanum nigrumL）幼苗氮代谢的影响。结果表明：龙葵根系可溶性蛋白质较叶片受Cd影响更大。龙葵植株叶片和根系NO3--N含量、硝酸还原酶（NR）、谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）活性均随镉浓度提高而先增后降,且随处理时间的延长而逐渐下降。叶片NO3--N含量和NR活性均在25μm镉处理8d后达到峰值,而根系NO3--N则在50μm镉处理8d后最高。叶片NO3--N含量受镉处理影响较根系稍大。然而,龙葵叶片中NH4＋-N含量随镉浓度升高和时间延长逐渐升高,100μm镉处理16d后最高,表明镉胁迫下龙葵叶片铵态氮富集效应明显。龙葵叶片和根系中谷氨酸脱氢酶（GDH）活性随镉处理浓度提高和处理时间延长而逐渐升高,100μm镉处理16d后达到峰值。     

Stabilization of hexavalent chromium with pretreatment and high temperature sintering in highly contaminated soil

• Separate reduction and sintering cannot be effective for Cr stabilization. • Combined treatment of reduction and sintering is effective for Cr stabilization. • Almost all the Cr in the reduced soil is residual form after sintering at 1000°C. This study explored the effectiveness and mechanisms of high temperature sintering following pre-reduction with ferric sulfate (FeSO₄), sodium sulfide (Na₂S), or citric acid (C₆H₈O₇) in stabilizing hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in highly contaminated soil. The soil samples had an initial total Cr leaching of 1768.83 mg/L, and Cr(VI) leaching of 1745.13 mg/L. When FeSO₄ or C₆H₈O₇ reduction was followed by sintering at 1000°C, the Cr leaching was reduced enough to meet the Safety Landfill Standards regarding general industrial solid waste. This combined treatment greatly improved the stabilization efficiency of chromium because the reduction of Cr(VI) into Cr(III) decreased the mobility of chromium and made it more easily encapsulated in minerals during sintering. SEM, XRD, TG-DSC, and speciation analysis indicated that when the sintering temperature reached 1000°C, almost all the chromium in soils that had the pre-reduction treatment was transformed into the residual form. At 1000°C, the soil melted and promoted the mineralization of Cr and the formation of new Cr-containing compounds, which significantly decreased subsequent leaching of chromium from the soil. However, without reduction treatment, chromium continued to leach from the soil even after being sintered at 1000°C, possibly because the soil did not fully fuse and because Cr(VI) does not bind with soil as easily as Cr(III).     

Cd胁迫下水稻叶片SOD活性和MDA含量与糙米中Cd含量的相关性研究

以中嘉早17号为材料,采用水培试验方法,研究水稻超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量在不同浓度Cd胁迫下的变化,并探讨了其与水稻糙米Cd含量的相关性。结果表明,在水稻发育过程中,SOD活性和MDA含量与Cd胁迫浓度呈正相关。SOD活性变化趋势为分蘖期乳熟期孕穗期; MDA含量变化趋势为分蘖期孕穗期乳熟期,且水稻主要时期叶片SOD活性和MDA含量与糙米Cd含量均呈显著正相关。     

基于改进G-函数的能量桩结构可靠性设计

为优化能量桩施工前期设计工作,提高能量桩传热和承载特性效率,采用曲线拟合对能量桩G-函数进行改进,构造了包含桩身尺寸、岩土热物性等参数的响应函数,用Comsol数值模拟验证其正确性,并探讨了其随各因素变化的规律;用Python软件编制MCS循环来计算不确定场地参数下设计方案的可靠度,汇总工程案例来验证设计模型的正确性,并利用上海某场地参数进行全面的设计步骤。结果表明:在改进G-函数的模型中,利用MCS循环计算可以充分考虑土性参数、桩身尺寸及理论模型的不确定性,给出最佳传热效果和承载特性的设计组合。     

Chitosan for direct bioflocculation of wastewater

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Coagulation/flocculation is a major phenomenon occurring during industrial and municipal water treatment to remove suspended particles. Common coagulants are metal...     

生物-化学强化处理城市污水除磷试验

以PFS(聚合硫酸铁)和PAS(聚合硫酸铝)为混凝剂,分别在化学反应器和SBR(序批式活性污泥反应器)内,研究模拟城市污水的化学除磷和生物-化学强化除磷的效果. 结果表明:在化学反应器内,投加PFS和PAS均可提高TP的去除率,当投加量分别为0.20和1.00 mL/L时,出水ρ(TP)均在0.50 mg/L以下,TP去除率均超过90.0%. 在生物反应器内,投加PFS和PAS均可强化生物除磷效果,与化学除磷相比,PFS投加量需增至0.25 mL/L,TP去除率才可达到90.0%,单独投加PFS的除磷效果好于PFS强化生物除磷效果;而PAS投加量降至0.50 mL/L,出水ρ(TP)即低于0.50 mg/L,TP去除率可达到90.0%以上,PAS强化生物除磷效果好于单独投加PAS的除磷效果. 在生物反应器内投加PAS,TN去除率可提高12.5%;而投加PFS后TN去除率则下降3.3%. 在生物反应器内投加PFS和PAS,能将COD_Cr去除率从82.6%提至90.0%以上. 采用PCR-DGGE技术分析微生物群落特征发现,投加混凝剂的反应器内生物群落数量有所减少,但同时产生一些新生物种群,强化了功能种群的处理效果.      

不同进水有机物浓度下移动床生物膜反应器(SBMBBR)脱氮除磷特性

考察了不同进水有机物浓度下厌氧/好氧序批式移动床生物膜反应器（SBMBBR）污染物去除特性,实验结果表明,SBMBBR能够实现低碳源污水中氮和磷的同步去除,在进水TN和TP浓度分别为116.7 mg.L-1和11.5 mg.L-1、COD浓度为456 mg.L-1的条件下,TN和TP去除率分别达到94.3%和92.2%以上.反应器除磷是基于常规生物除磷和反硝化除磷过程实现的,脱氮主要是基于好氧段发生的同时硝化反硝化（SND）作用而完成.由于生物膜内部存在的DO扩散梯度,在好氧阶段混合液DO浓度不断提高的条件下反应器内具有良好SND反应的发生.进水COD浓度由149 mg.L-1提高至456 mg.L-1的过程中,反应器硝化效果不变,反硝化和除磷效果改善.反应器在好氧阶段pH值基本维持在7.0—7.1之间,为各类菌群的生长创造了条件.碱度变化较pH值更能反映硝化和反硝化反应发生的程度.反应器中微生物相丰富,生物膜以丝状菌为骨架,其上附着大量的球状菌和杆状菌,而悬浮活性污泥中丝状菌较少,形成了由细菌、真菌到原生动物和后生动物的复杂的生态体系,为系统取得稳定的污水处理效果提供了有效的保证.     

Characterization and performance of V2O5/CeO2 for NH3-SCR of NO at low temperatures

A series of CeO₂ supported V₂O₅ catalysts with various loadings were prepared with different calcination temperatures by the incipient impregnation. The catalysts were evaluated for low temperature selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with ammonia (NH₃). The effects of O₂ and SO₂ on catalytic activity were also studied. The catalysts were characterized by specific surface areas (S_BET) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. The experimental results showed that NO conversion changed significantly with the different V₂O₅ loading and calcination temperature. With the V₂O₅ loading increasing from 0 to 10 wt%, NO conversion increased significantly, but decreased at higher loading. The optimum calcination temperature was 400°C. The best catalyst yielded above 80% NO conversion in the reaction temperature range of 160°C–300°C. The formation of CeVO₄ on the surface of catalysts caused the decrease of redox ability.     

CeCl3/活性炭纤维去除模拟烟气中单质汞的实验研究

运用等量浸渍法制备了一系列CeCl3/ACF去除剂,研究了不同负载量、不同温度和不同烟气成分对其脱汞效果的影响,并采用BET和XRD 等手段对去除剂的理化性质进行了表征.结果表明,负载CeCl3后显著改善了活性碳纤维的脱汞能力,在本实验条件下,CeCl3的最佳负载量为5%(质量分数);当反应温度低于140°C时,去除剂的脱汞效率随着温度的升高而升高,当反应温度超过140°C后,去除效率随温度的升高而下降; 通过考察NO、SO2和水蒸气对ACF脱汞效果的影响发现,NO对单质汞脱除具有一定的促进作用,不同浓度的NO与单质汞的脱除效率之间存在正相关关系;SO2对单质汞的脱除具有抑制作用,且脱除效率随着SO2浓度的增加而下降;水蒸气对单质汞的脱除具有阻碍作用.