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911.
Variations in the soil/sediment organic matter (SOM)-hydrophobic organic contaminant (HOC) bindings upon microbially mediated redox conditions were examined. While the extractability of pyrene associated with soil declined after its biodegradation began during aerobic incubation, its variations were almost constant (±3.0-4.4%) during anoxic/anaerobic incubations. The dissolved organic matter released from the soil incubated under highly reduced conditions became more humified and aromatic, had a higher average molecular weight, and was more polydispersed compared to that obtained from oxic incubation, similar to the SOM alterations in the early stage of diagenesis (humification). The concentrations of pyrene in the aqueous phase increased significantly during the soil incubations under highly reduced conditions due to its favorable interaction with the altered DOM. Our results suggest that the microbially mediated redox conditions have significant impacts on SOM and should be considered for the transport, fate, bioavailability, and exposure risk of HOCs in the geo-environments. 相似文献
912.
Bush bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) lines 'S156' (O3-sensitive)/'R123' (O3-tolerant) and cultivars 'BBL 290' (O3-sensitive)/'BBL 274' (O3-tolerant) were used to study the effects of O3 on stomatal conductance (gs), density, and aperture size on leaf and pod surfaces with the objective of establishing links between the degree of plant sensitivity to O3 and plasticity of stomatal properties in response to O3. Studies in open-top chambers (OTCs) and in continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) established a clear relationship between plant developmental stages, degrees of O3 sensitivity and gs: while 'S156' had higher gs rates than 'R123' earlier in development, similar differences between 'BBL 290' and 'BBL 274' were observed at later stages. Gs rates on the abaxial leaf surfaces of 'S156' and 'BBL 290', accompanied by low leaf temperatures, were significantly higher than their O3-tolerant counterparts. Exposure to O3 in CSTRs had greater and more consistent impacts on both stomatal densities and aperture sizes of O3-sensitive cultivars. Stomatal densities were highest on the abaxial leaf surfaces of 'S156' and 'BBL 290' at higher O3 concentrations (60 ppb), but the largest aperture sizes were recorded on the adaxial leaf surfaces at moderate O3 concentrations (30 ppb). Exposure to O3 eliminated aperture size differences on the adaxial leaf surfaces between sensitive and tolerant cultivars. Regardless of sensitivity to O3 and treatment regimes, the smallest aperture sizes and highest stomatal densities were found on the abaxial leaf surface. Our studies showed that O3 has the potential to affect stomatal plasticity and confirmed the presence of different control mechanisms for stomatal development on each leaf surface. This appeared to be more evident in O3-sensitive cultivars. 相似文献
913.
Microbial structure and chemical components of aerosols caused by rotating brushes in a wastewater treatment plant 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yunping Han Lin Li Junxin Liu Mengzhu Zhang 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(9):4097-4108
Purpose
Bacterial community structure and the chemical components in aerosols caused by rotating brushes in an Orbal oxidation ditch were assessed in a Beijing municipal wastewater treatment plant.Methods
Air samples were collected at different distances from the aerosol-generating rotating brushes. Molecular culture-independent methods were used to characterize the community structure of the airborne bacteria in each sample regardless of cell culturability. A clone library of 16S rDNA directly amplified from air DNA of each sample was constructed and sequenced to analyze the community composition and diversity. Insoluble particles and water-soluble ions emitted with microorganisms in aerosols were analysis by a scanning electron microscope together with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and ion chromatogram analyzer.Results
In total, most of the identified bacteria were Proteobacteria. The majority of sequences near the rotating brushes (the main source of the bioaerosols) were Proteobacteria (62.97 %) with ??-(18.52 %) and ??-(44.45?%) subgroups and Bacteroidetes (29.63 %). Complex patterns were observed for each sampling location, suggesting a highly diverse community structure, comparable to that found in water in the Orbal oxidation ditch. Accompany with microorganisms, 46.36???g/m3 of SO 4 2? , 29.35???g/m3 of Cl?, 21.51???g/m3 of NO 3 ? , 19.76???g/m3 of NH 4 + , 11.42???g/m3 of PO 4 3? , 6.18???g/m3 of NO 2 ? , and elements of Mg, Cl, K, Na, Fe, S, and P were detected from the air near the aerosols source.Conclusions
Differences in the structure of the bacterial communities and chemical components in the aerosols observed between sampling sites indicated important site-related variability. The composition of microorganisms in water was one of the most important sources of bacterial communities in bioaerosols. Chemical components in bioaerosols may provide a media for airborne microorganism attachment, as well as a suitable microenvironment for their growth and survival in the air. This study will be benefit for the formulation of pollution standards, especially for aerosols, that take into account plant workers?? health. 相似文献914.
915.
油田含油污泥超声脱油的研究 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
在油田含油污泥的热洗处理中引入超声辐照处理技术,研究考察了超声脱油技术中超声强度,超声辐照时间,含油污泥预热温度,清洗液用量和清洗液回用4个试验操作条件对污泥脱油的影响,认为在优化条件(超声发生器输出电压175 V,辐照时间15 min,预热温度55 ℃,清洗液和含油污泥以质量比8∶1)下,超声脱油技术可以把污泥的干基油含量由0.35 g/g降低到0.14 g/g,同时也证明清洗液可以反复使用。根据简单的经济核算,处理1 t含油污泥可以产出66元的效益。研究表明,使用超声处理可以有效地提高含油污泥的污油脱除效率,明显降低污泥清洗的操作温度。 相似文献
916.
917.
城市综合体内部功能繁多,强震作用下综合体结构功能失效会影响城市区域功能的正常运转。建筑震后修复期望综合体内部重要功能优先、快速恢复并投入使用,合理规划其震后修复路径是满足此类结构功能需求的关键。既有研究中建筑震后多采取自下而上的修复路径,未考虑震后功能需求。基于此,提出了一种基于功能需求导向的城市综合体震后修复路径优化方法。考虑综合体具有的多功能特性及不同功能区内构件间的功能相关性特点,建立了基于故障树的功能损失分析模型,并以此为基础结合建筑功能区划分功能修复单元;以各功能的期望修复时间作为功能需求目标,对比功能修复单元的实际修复时间,提出功能需求目标完成率指标;在此基础上建立震后修复路径优化模型,结合遗传算法,形成了综合体震后修复路径优化方法。对某城市综合体开展震后修复路径优化,结果表明:所提方法可高效完成功能需求目标,使重要功能震后快速恢复并投入使用。 相似文献
918.
在滇池水域选择3个实验点,分别是外草海、老干鱼塘和龙门村,构建围栏控制性种养凤眼莲,用于吸收富集水体氮磷。于凤眼莲旺盛生长期内(2010年8月),每隔3小时监测种养区与对照区水体理化指标,包括气温、水温、pH、溶解氧(DO)、总氮(TN)、氨氮(NH4+-N)、硝氮(NO3--N)、总磷(TP)和磷酸根(PO43--P),分析24 h内水体理化指标的变化规律。结果显示,(1)昼夜变化使得3个实验点水体pH和DO白天高于夜晚。由于气泡浮力机制影响,龙门村水体Chl-a浓度在中午12:00达到最高,在日落后21:00又出现一个高值;(2)外草海种养区NO3--N浓度与TN浓度呈显著的正相关关系,与NH4+-N浓度呈显著的负相关关系,推测是因为凤眼莲可以促进富营养化水体的硝化、反硝化、硝化-反硝化反应的耦合过程。老干鱼塘水体由于pH过高,使得水体NH4+-N浓度明显高于NO3--N浓度;(3)昼夜变化对水体氮、磷浓度并未表现出显著的影响。在野外大水面种养相对小面积的凤眼莲,种养水域内部的氮磷浓度均高于相对较远的对照水域;规模化种养凤眼莲方可有效降低整个水体的氮磷浓度。 相似文献
919.
920.