浅谈提高环境影响评价中工程分析质量

提出如何在社会区域类环境影响评价中提高工程分析质量的措施,以齐齐哈尔市第一医院为例,在工艺流程或产污环节分析中,应重点突出与污染物排放有关的工序和污染物的产生量;现有工程的污染物计算应结合监测和生产状况综合分析;以清洁生产审计的观点进行清洁生产分析;对提出的污染物治理措施应具有可操作性。     

高强度好氧生物反应器处理制药废水的启动和稳定性试验研究

高强度好氧反应器(jet-loop compact reactor,JLCR)采用射流曝气强制溶氧.对JLCR处理制药废水进行了试验研究,考察了JLCR的运行效果、反应器的启动与污泥驯化、抗冲击负荷性能以及污泥沉降性能等.初步结果表明,该系统启动时间较短,运行稳定,COD去除效果较好.进水COD为8000 mg/L左右时,去除率达到80%.     

基于数据挖掘的施工危险识别注意投入与分配研究*

为分析施工情境中危险识别注意资源动态投入分配规律,基于动态时间规整算法,挖掘危险识别注视轨迹序列,以表征注意资源投入分配变化,并采用k-means聚类、注视熵、Needleman-Wunsch全局序列对齐算法和统计等方法,深入挖掘注意资源在危险目标中投入和分配等时空变化规律。研究结果表明:当事人危险识别各阶段注意资源呈现从显著目标到高危目标的投入变化趋势,危险识别注意资源分配随情境复杂因素呈现零散、均匀的空间特征,分配无序程度提高。     

缓倾斜煤层孤岛工作面巷道底鼓机制及控制

针对缓倾斜煤层孤岛工作面回采巷道底鼓严重的状况,以庞庞塔矿5煤107工作面运输顺槽为研究背景,测试了顶底板的矿物成分、微观结构,利用物理模拟研究了底鼓机制,结果表明:①107工作面运输顺槽底板以高岭石为主,膨胀性岩石成分较低,岩石内部空隙较少,结构致密,强度高;②107工作面运输顺槽底鼓属于挤压流动性底鼓,掘进期间发生的是浅部岩层整体弯曲,在采动超前支承压力影响阶段,底板上位坚硬岩层超过其抗弯强度而发生破断,下位软弱底板解除约束,变形急剧增加,帮角出现裂隙,底板变形出现剧烈变形区、受限变形区、变形过渡区;③107工作面运输顺槽底鼓机制为:坚硬底板在高应力下的挤压流动是造成底鼓的主要原因,缓倾斜煤层巷道底板存在三角煤和底板岩石中存在少量膨胀性岩石对底鼓影响较小。针对性提出了采用开挖卸压槽释放压力方式进行底鼓治理,现场实测表明所提措施可有效降低巷道底鼓量。     

河南省冬季3次重污染过程的数值模拟及输送特征分析

利用WRF-Chem模式模拟2015年11月27日—12月1日、12月5—14日、12月19—25日河南3次重污染过程,结合空气污染资料和ERA-Interim再分析资料,对比分析了这3次重污染过程的开始、持续和结束及污染物的输送特征.结果表明,静稳天气有利于污染的发展持续,3次重污染过程的结束均是由西路冷空气入侵造成的.第1次重污染过程平均风场上的风速均为小风或静风,从湖北到河南南部风向为偏南风;而第2和第3次重污染过程平均风场分别以偏东和偏北风为主.第2和第3次重污染过程中均存在明显的由北向南的污染物输送过程.3次重污染过程中,河南省本地排放对本省PM_(2.5)浓度的平均贡献率最大,而河南省周边区域对河南PM_(2.5)浓度的平均贡献率在这3次过程中不一样,第1次重污染过程,河南南部主要受偏南风影响,湖北对河南PM_(2.5)浓度的平均贡献率最大,为20.7%;第2和第3次重污染过程主要受偏东风影响,安徽和江苏对河南PM_(2.5)浓度的平均贡献率最大,分别为17.7%和18.5%.3次重污染过程中,安阳的主要污染输送源均不相同,分别来自河北、江苏和安徽、本省.     

Studies on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in two sediment cores from the huaxi reservoir,china: Assessment of levels,sources, and ecological risk

This study investigated the levels, sources and ecological risks of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in two sediment cores that were collected along the Huaxi Reservoir. The spatial distributions and residue levels of the 16 priority PAHs in the sediments from the Huaxi Reservoir were analyzed for their potential ecological risk, source apportionment and contribution to the total PAH residue. The concentration level of the total PAHs (TPAHs) was in the range 1805 ng·g^?1 to 20023 ng·g^?1 based on dry weight, and the content of PAHs in the Huaxi Reservoir exhibited a gradual upward trend. The PAH congener ratios fluoranthene/(fluoranthene + pyrene) and indeno[1, 2, 3-cd]pyrene/(indeno[1, 2, 3-cd]pyrene + benzo[g, h, i]perylene) were used to identify the source. The main source of the low molecular weight PAHs was wood and coal combustion, whereas the high molecular weight PAHs were primarily from petroleum combustion sources. The results of an ecological risk assessment demonstrated that ACE poses a potential ecological risk, while FLU, NAP, ANT, BaP, DBA, PHEN and PYR can have serious ecological risks.     

Optimum ridge-to-furrow ratio in ridge-furrow mulching systems for improving water conservation in maize (Zea may L.) production

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Water-saving cultivation techniques have been attracting increased attention worldwide. Ridge-furrow mulching system (RFMS), as a prospective...     

Overview of surface measurements and spatial characterization of submicrometer particulate matter during the DISCOVER-AQ 2013 campaign in Houston,TX

The sources of submicrometer particulate matter (PM₁) remain poorly characterized in the industrialized city of Houston, TX. A mobile sampling approach was used to characterize PM₁ composition and concentration across Houston based on high-time-resolution measurements of nonrefractory PM₁ and trace gases during the DISCOVER-AQ Texas 2013 campaign. Two pollution zones with marked differences in PM₁ levels, character, and dynamics were established based on cluster analysis of organic aerosol mass loadings sampled at 16 sites. The highest PM₁ mass concentrations (average 11.6 ± 5.7 µg/m³) were observed to the northwest of Houston (zone 1), dominated by secondary organic aerosol (SOA) mass likely driven by nighttime biogenic organonitrate formation. Zone 2, an industrial/urban area south/east of Houston, exhibited lower concentrations of PM₁ (average 4.4 ± 3.3 µg/m³), significant organic aerosol (OA) aging, and evidence of primary sulfate emissions. Diurnal patterns and backward-trajectory analyses enable the classification of airmass clusters characterized by distinct PM sources: biogenic SOA, photochemical aged SOA, and primary sulfate emissions from the Houston Ship Channel. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicates that secondary biogenic organonitrates primarily related with monoterpenes are predominant in zone 1 (accounting for 34% of the variability in the data set). The relevance of photochemical processes and industrial and traffic emission sources in zone 2 also is highlighted by PCA, which identifies three factors related with these processes/sources (~50% of the aerosol/trace gas concentration variability). PCA reveals a relatively minor contribution of isoprene to SOA formation in zone 1 and the absence of isoprene-derived aerosol in zone 2. The relevance of industrial amine emissions and the likely contribution of chloride-displaced sea salt aerosol to the observed variability in pollution levels in zone 2 also are captured by PCA.

Implications: This article describes an urban-scale mobile study to characterize spatial variations in submicrometer particulate matter (PM₁) in greater Houston. The data set indicates substantial spatial variations in PM₁ sources/chemistry and elucidates the importance of photochemistry and nighttime oxidant chemistry in producing secondary PM₁. These results emphasize the potential benefits of effective control strategies throughout the region, not only to reduce primary emissions of PM₁ from automobiles and industry but also to reduce the emissions of important secondary PM₁ precursors, including sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, ammonia, and volatile organic compounds. Such efforts also could aid in efforts to reduce mixing ratios of ozone.