高分辨率降水氧氘同位素变化及洞穴水响应:以河南鸡冠洞为例

大气降水稳定同位素受温度、雨量、海拔高程、水汽源等多种因素控制,进而影响洞穴水及沉积物的同位素变化.为了更好地认识我国南北交汇带季风敏感区洞穴水对降水的响应过程,本研究分析了2015年8月4~6日河南栾川县鸡冠洞强降雨和洞内4处地下水点样品,并结合2009~2015年栾川地区近6年大气降水氧氘同位素数据研究发现:1采用HYSPLIT模型可以将鸡冠洞强降雨划分为不同水汽来源的2个阶段:高空来自南中国海的水汽以及近地面来自内陆局地蒸发的水汽,并且可以记录在单场降雨期间雨水的δ~(18)O变化特征上.2近地面来自内陆局地蒸发水汽的蒸发过程一定程度上掩盖了温度效应,并使局地大气降水线的斜率、截距和雨水过量氘均减小.3此次降雨期间鸡冠洞洞穴滴水δ~(18)O特征主要响应夏季风海源水汽的降水;鸡冠洞洞穴滴水对降雨响应最快,间隔时间约为3 h,滴水δ~(18)O随滴率升高变重,之后缓慢变轻;地下河具有相似的模式,稍有滞后;靠近洞口的池水反映出不同阶段的雨水δ~(18)O变化的差异.     

Genetic sex determination in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Astatotilapia calliptera</Emphasis>, a prototype species for the Lake Malawi cichlid radiation

East African cichlids display extensive variation in sex determination systems. The species Astatotilapia calliptera is one of the few cichlids that reside both in Lake Malawi and in surrounding waterways. A. calliptera is of interest in evolutionary studies as a putative immediate outgroup species for the Lake Malawi species flock and possibly as a prototype ancestor-like species for the radiation. Here, we use linkage mapping to test association of sex in A. calliptera with loci that have been previously associated with genetic sex determination in East African cichlid species. We identify a male heterogametic XY system segregating at linkage group (LG) 7 in an A. calliptera line that originated from Lake Malawi, at a locus previously shown to act as an XY sex determination system in multiple species of Lake Malawi cichlids. Significant association of genetic markers and sex produce a broad genetic interval of approximately 26 megabases (Mb) using the Nile tilapia genome to orient markers; however, we note that the marker with the strongest association with sex is near a gene that acts as a master sex determiner in other fish species. We demonstrate that alleles of the marker are perfectly associated with sex in Metriaclima mbenjii, a species from the rock-dwelling clade of Lake Malawi. While we do not rule out the possibility of other sex determination loci in A. calliptera, this study provides a foundation for fine mapping of the cichlid sex determination gene on LG7 and evolutionary context regarding the origin and persistence of the LG7 XY across diverse, rapidly evolving lineages.     

2015年石家庄市采暖期一次重污染过程细颗粒物在线来源解析

近年来,我国北方采暖期的大气污染问题备受关注.以2015年11月24日至12月4日石家庄地区一次重污染过程为例,采用大气细颗粒物实时在线源解析技术,对不同时段细颗粒物来源解析结果和各类源粒径分布、重污染期间各类源的质谱特征,结合气象条件进行综合分析.结果表明：重污染期间主要污染物来源为燃煤、工业工艺、机动车尾气和二次无机源;低压、静稳条件和低空传输共同作用下,以燃煤及工业工艺源排放颗粒物为主的细颗粒物严重累积,二次转化加剧,导致此次重污染的发生;来自燃煤源的颗粒物以混合碳为主,工业工艺源以金属为主,机动车尾气源以元素碳和金属锰为主,纯二次无机源以二次无机离子为主,来自扬尘源的颗粒物以铝、钙、铁和硅酸盐为主,生物质燃烧源以左旋葡聚糖LEV为主,餐饮源以有机酸为特征信号;与重污染前后不同,八类源于重污染发生期间在整个粒径段呈现均匀分布状态.     

Accumulation of potentially toxic elements by plants of North Caucasian Alyssum species and their molecular phylogenetic analysis

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Accumulations of potentially toxic metals were investigated in soils and five North Caucasian Alyssum species from metalliferous areas and non-metalliferous...     

Obtaining and characterization of catalytic materials from waste tires for the Fischer–Tropsch process

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - In this contribution, the preparation of iron-based catalysts from waste tires is reported. Waste steel from disused tires was used as feedstock to...     

Face mask and medical waste generation in the City of Baguio,Philippines: its current management and GHG footprint

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The daily use of facemask to prevent virus transmission increases the negative effect on the environment because of improper waste disposal. Due to...     

Changes in the Distribution of Broadleaf Tree Species in the Central Part of the Southern Urals since the 1970s

Russian Journal of Ecology - Changes in the distribution of broadleaf tree species—Tilia cordata Mill., Quercus robur L., Acer platanoides L., and Ulmus glabra Huds.—in the central part...     

Long-term Dynamics of Pike Infection by Parasites Triaenophorus crassus and T. nodulosus (Plathelminthes,Cestoda) in the Rybinsk Reservoir: Effect of Hydraulic Construction and Climate Warming

Russian Journal of Ecology - The long-term dynamics (over more than 70 years) of pike infection by cestodes Triaenophorus crassus and T. nodulosus in the Rybinsk Reservoir (the Volga River) has...     

The passion bug: How and when do leaders inspire work passion?

Drawing from signaling theory, we propose a work passion transfer model where leaders' passion is transmitted to employees through the former's leadership style and is contingent on employees' perceived importance of performance to self-esteem (IPSE). Data from 201 supervisor–employee dyads from the health-care industry show that leaders' harmonious passion led to employees' harmonious passion through charismatic leadership, whereas contingent reward leadership accounted for the transfer of obsessive passion; IPSE did not play a moderating role for either form of passion. Results from a supplementary study further reveal that the link between leadership and employee passion operated through employees' perception of leader passion and that employees' IPSE accentuated for the relationship between perceived leader obsessive passion and employees' obsessive passion. This study advances research in work passion, leadership, and signaling theory and provides important implications for managerial practice.     

Circumpolar status of Arctic ptarmigan: Population dynamics and trends

Rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta) and willow ptarmigan (L. lagopus) are Arctic birds with a circumpolar distribution but there is limited knowledge about their status and trends across their circumpolar distribution. Here, we compiled information from 90 ptarmigan study sites from 7 Arctic countries, where almost half of the sites are still monitored. Rock ptarmigan showed an overall negative trend on Iceland and Greenland, while Svalbard and Newfoundland had positive trends, and no significant trends in Alaska. For willow ptarmigan, there was a negative trend in mid-Sweden and eastern Russia, while northern Fennoscandia, North America and Newfoundland had no significant trends. Both species displayed some periods with population cycles (short 3–6 years and long 9–12 years), but cyclicity changed through time for both species. We propose that simple, cost-efficient systematic surveys that capture the main feature of ptarmigan population dynamics can form the basis for citizen science efforts in order to fill knowledge gaps for the many regions that lack systematic ptarmigan monitoring programs.