影响环保验收监测因素分析

三同时验收监测是建设单位竣工环保验收重要环节,通过对影响环保验收监测的因素分析,提出相应的对策,对提高环保验收监测效率和质量具有重要意义。     

Contamination by persistent toxic substances in surface sediment of urban rivers in Chaohu City, China

The concentration and spatial distribution of persistent toxic substances (PTS) in the river sediment in Chaohu City, China were investigated. A total of nine surface sediments were collected and the selected PTS pollutants including six heavy metals and nineteen polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were analyzed. The mean heavy metal concentrations (in mg/kg, dry weight) ranged within 0.18-1.53 (Hg), 50.08-200.18 (Cu), 118.70-313.65 (Zn), 50.77-310.85 (Cr), 37.12-92.72 (Pb) and 13.29-197.24 (As), and Cu, Zn and As have been regarded as the main metal pollutants. The levels of PBDEs (1.2-12.1 ng/g) and BDE-209 (2.4-30.5 ng/g) were at the middle level of the global range. BDE-209 was the predominant congener (67.0%-85.7%), which agrees with the fact that technical deca-BDE mixtures are the dominant PBDE formulation in China. The relative high level of PTS pollutants in the western part of the city is probably owing to the intensive agricultural activities and lack of sewerage system there. The ecological risk assessment with the sediment quality guidelines (SOGs) indicates that the urban river sediments in the city have been heavily contaminated by heavy metals with probable ecotoxicological impacts on freshwater organisms and the main toxic pollutants are Hg and As. The results of current study imply that the city, and perhaps many other small cities in China as well, requires immediate pollution control measures with emphasis on not only conventional organic pollutants but also on PTS such as heavy metals and PBDEs.     

臭气强度在恶臭污染物环境空气影响中的应用研究

以兰州某石化公司化工污水处理厂恶臭治理项目为例,在确定恶臭气体的污染源源强的基础上,采用AERMOD模式预测污染物扩散情况。结果表明,添置除臭装置后,NH3的臭气浓度减少了90%,VOCs的臭气浓度减少了88%。同时,当恶臭污染物浓度达到环境质量浓度标准时,NH3的臭气强度为1．40级,VOCs的臭气强度为0．82级,人们仍能感觉到气味。因此石化企业在进行恶臭治理过程中需综合考虑污染物的环境空气质量浓度标准和臭气强度,以期改善环境空气质量。     

应用水解+A/O工艺治理化工废水的工程实践

兰州石化公司应用水解(酸化)+AO工艺组合治理化工废水。化工废水经水解(酸化)处理后,BOD5CODCr比值从<0.2提高到0.37,提高了化工废水的可生化性。该工艺利用兼氧和好氧微生物对高浓度化工废水处理后,CODCr的去除率达85%以上,NH3N的去除率达95%以上。     

射阳河底泥重金属沿程变化分析及污染评价

分析了射阳河流域沿程20个底泥样品中6种重金属(Cr、Pb、Ni、Zn、Cu、As)的含量,并应用地累积指数法对其进行了污染评价。研究结果表明:除As在近一半的采样点没有污染,其他重金属污染均普遍存在,但多数属于轻度污染。Zn污染最为严重,几乎全程都是偏中等或中等以上的污染。纵观射阳河全程样品FN04,SY07污染最为严重,前者与其支流西塘河的污染有关,后者可能与河闸上侧的死水状态有关;黄沙河污染最轻,与河流沉积物粒径比较粗而导致的对重金属吸附能力减弱有关。     

城市交通与环境规划

从交通建设、交通工具以及交通管理等多方面论述了城市交通与环境规划的关系，提出了从环境规划的角度，发展城市交通 所应该考虑的几个问题，最后针对这些问题提出了一些建议。     

桃浦河底泥COD_(Cr)和NH_3-N的分布特征浅析

根据上海市桃浦河的河道形态和地貌特征,共设计和采集了15个柱样,在对其进行CODCr、NH3-N系统测定分析的基础上,得出以下结论:(1)桃浦河底泥已受到严重污染,CODCr、NH3-N的平均含量分别超过参照标准值(CODCr9699.6mg/kg,NH3-N78.79mg/kg)1.1～10倍和1～5_8倍,污染最严重的是真大路桥到沪嘉高速公路段;其次是环镇北路桥到陈太路存瑞桥段,云岭东路桥到中科化工厂桥段,杨柳青路桥到北石路桥段。(2)垂直分布呈现由下而上污染加重的趋势,表明现代污染日趋严重。(3)不同河段污染程度出现差异主要与其所处周围环境的排污有关。(4)基于桃浦河底泥污染程度的不同,在底泥疏浚时应予以区别对待。     

西部开发中管道建设与生态环境保护的关系

就西部开发中管道工程的建设，分析了管道工程的特点，管道工程对环境的影响因素，并根据西部生态环境的特点，阐述了该类项目生态环境的重要性，提出了生态环境保护的要点。     

藻类水华的化学控制研究

本文报道了在湖泊现场用围隔生态系统对藻类进行化学控制的研究。结果表明,0.20—0.30mg/L的Cu~(2+)能有效控制微囊藻水华(Microcystis)的生长;铁盐作为杀藻剂的增效剂,能够有效地提高铜盐的除藻效果。     

长沙黄雨的观测分析及其形成机制的探讨

根据对长沙黄雨的多年观测，确定黄雨是松树花粉所致。进而探讨了长沙地区黄雨的物质来源及其形成机制，并分析了大气颗粒物富集效应与大气污染、酸雨污染的关系，还指出了花粉雨对敏感人群可能造成的危害。