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191.
Zaheed Hasan Melissa Nursey-Bray 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2018,61(7):1204-1223
Climate change is affecting fishing communities across Bangladesh. While work has been undertaken to investigate the nature of these impacts, understanding how fishers perceive climate change at a local level, especially within developing countries, is crucial. This paper presents the results of a three-year study of the contextual determinants and dimensions of artisanal fishing community perceptions about climate change in coastal Bangladesh. Results of this study indicate that geographic characteristics, socio-economic status, worldviews, tradition, observations and disaster experiences are important determinants for shaping fishers’ perceptions about climate change. Fishers also demonstrate a long-standing tradition of risk adaptation strategies, but do not link them to climate change. We argue that these perceptions provide ideas for how to form appropriate climate responses at local levels not only in Bangladesh but other developing countries. 相似文献
192.
Erdal Sönmez Hasan Türkez Fatma Betül Özgeriş Elif Öztetik Süleyman Kerli 《毒物与环境化学》2015,97(5):599-608
Yttrium oxide nanoflowers were prepared by a hydrothermal technique, and X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to determine their structures. The cytotoxic and genotoxic potentials of aqueous dispersions of the nanoflowers to cultured primary rat hepatocytes were examined at concentrations up to 500 mg L?1 for 72 h. Cell viability was determined by monitoring the reduction of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, release of lactate dehydrogenase, and uptake of neutral red. Genotoxicity was assessed by the liver micronucleus assay. Exposure to Y2O3 nanoflowers at concentrations lower than 100 mg L?1 did not lead to any cytotoxicity or genotoxicity. At higher concentrations (200, 400, and 500 mg L?1), cell viability decreased and induction of micronuclei increased (400 and 500 mg L?1). 相似文献
193.
Murat Yilmaz Gokcen Yuvali Celik Belma Aslim Dilsad Onbasili 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2012,20(1):152-156
In this study, EPS produced by five Bacillus spp. strains was determined. The only one strain (B. sphaericus 7055) was selected due to its high EPS production and it was investigated by growing this strain in LB broth medium containing
various carbon sources. The highest EPS production of this strain was found in medium containing fructose. However, the effect
of different concentrations of fructose and molasses on EPS production by the strain was studied. The maximum EPS yield of
the strain 7055 was recorded with 2.5% (w/v) fructose, also the highest EPS production was found in 2.5% (w/v) molasses. The
strain 7055 was found to contain (98.6%) galactose and (1.4%) glucuronic acid in control medium whereas the composition of
the strain 7055 (2.5% (w/v) fructose) was found to be (99.9%) neutral sugar and (0.1%) Glucuronic acid while the strain 7055
(2.5% (w/v) molasses) was found to contain (65.9%), neutral sugars and (34.1%) glucuronic acid. 相似文献
194.
K.M.M. Hasan G. Sarkar M. Alamgir Q.H. Bari G. Haedrich 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2012,32(11):2046-2055
This study is concerned with the performance of a Demo Compost Plant for the development of acceptable composting technology in Bangladesh. The Demo Compost Plant was setup at the adjacent area of an existing compost plant located at Khulna city in Bangladesh. Four different composting technologies were considered, where Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) were used as a raw material for composting, collected from the adjacent areas of the plant. Initially the whole composting system was conducted through two experimental setups. In the 1st setup three different types of aerators (horizontal and vertical passively aerator and forced aerator) were selected. For a necessary observation four piles, using only MSW as the input materials in the first three compost pile, the fourth one was the existing Samadhan’s compost pile. Based on the analysis of the experimental findings, the horizontal passively aerated composting technique is suitable for Bangladesh as it had better performance for reducing composting period than that of the others. It was being observed from the quality parameters of compost in the both 1st and 2nd setup that as the waste directly come from kitchen, degradation rate of waste shows a positive result for reducing this waste and there is no possibility of toxic contamination, when it would be used as a soil conditioner. Though there is no significant improvement in the quality of the final product in the 2nd setup as comparing with the 1st setup but it fulfills one of the main objectives of this study is to reduce the whole composting period as well as immediate management of the increasing amount of waste and reducing load on landfill. Selfheating tests reveal that degree of stability of compost with respect to maturation period was remained in the acceptable level, which was further accelerated due to the use of organic additives. 相似文献
195.
The ability of free and polysulphone immobilized biomass of Arthrobacter sp. to remove Cu2+ ions from aqueous solution was studied in batch and continuous systems. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied to the data. The Langmuir isotherm model was found to fit the sorption data indicating that sorption was monolayer and uptake capacity (Qo) was 175.87 and 158.7 mg/g for free and immobilized biomass respectively at pH 5.0 and 30 °C temperature, which was also confirmed by a high correlation coefficient, a low RMSE and a low Chi-square value. A kinetic study was carried out with pseudo-first-order reaction and pseudo-second-order reaction equations and it was found that the Cu2+ uptake process followed the pseudo-second-order rate expression. The diffusivity of Cu2+ on immobilized beads increased (0.402 × 10−4 to 0.435 × 10−4 cm2/s) with increasing concentration from 50 to 150 mg/L. The maximum percentage Cu2+ removal (89.56%) and uptake (32.64 mg/g) were found at 3.5 mL/min and 20 cm bed height. In addition to this the Bed Depth Service Time (BDST) model was in good agreement with the experimental data with a high correlation coefficient (>0.995). Furthermore, sorption and desorption studies were also carried out which showed that polysulphone immobilized biomass could be reused for up to six sorption–desorption cycles. 相似文献
196.
The present study was conducted in order to investigate pro-oxidant activity of dimethoate in liver and brain tissues following sublethal pesticide exposure for 5, 15 and 30 d by using SOD, GPx, CAT enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation as biomarkers as well as DNA damaging potential via detecting% Tail DNA, Tail moment and Olive tail moment as endpoints in erythrocytes of Oncorhynchus mykiss in an in vitro experiment. Antioxidant enzyme activities were found to elicit two staged response which was an initial induction followed by a sharp inhibition in liver tissue while a sustained increase in GPx activity and slight stimulation in SOD activity were detected in brain tissue. Lipid peroxidation showed an ascending pattern throughout the exposure period in both tissues and a decreasing trend was determined in tissue protein levels which was proved to be positively correlated with duration. Similar findings were obtained from outcomes preferred to quantify DNA damage and TM was decided to reflect the extent of damage more sensitively because of determined positive correlation with concentrations applied. Considering these results, it can be concluded that oxidative stress condition evoked by dimethoate could not be responded effectively and genotoxic nature of pesticide was proven by determined clastogenic effect possibly via being an alkylation agent or stimulating the production of reactive species. 相似文献
197.
I. Made Arcana Bunbun Bundjali M. Hasan Ketut Hariyawati Helen Mariani Shinta Dewi Anggraini Aditya Ardana 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2010,18(3):188-195
Poly(urethane-ester) was prepared by polymerization of 4,4′-methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) (MDI) and prepolymers of ε-caprolactone and 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol monomers P(CL-DP) with various chain lengths as polyol sources. Characterizations of poly(urethane-ester) were carried out by analysis of functional groups (FTIR), thermal properties (DTA/TGA), mechanical properties (Tensile tester), crystallinity (XRD), and biodegradability. The chain length of prepolymers used in polymerization has a significant effect in properties of poly(urethane-ester) as well as their biodegradability. The formation of poly(urethane-ester) was indicated by the presence of new absorption peaks at wave number of 3,348.2 and 1,596.9 cm?1 for urethane (–NH–) and aromatic groups in chain of polymers, respectively. The increase chain length of prepolymer used in polymerization with 4,4′-methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) was observed the increase thermal property and crystallinity of poly(urethane-ester). However, the maximum mechanical property and also biodegradability in activated sludge were observed in poly(urethane-ester) prepared by polymerization of 4,4′-methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) (MDI) and P(CL-DP) prepolymers with DP/CL ratio of 1/20. Apparently, the amorphous parts of polymers are rapidly decomposed by enzymes of microorganisms, so the crystallinity on the whole of poly(urethane-ester) increases after incubation time of 30 days. 相似文献
198.
Seasonal variation of the concentrations of trace metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) were measured by ICP-AES
in the water and sediment from the Saricay Stream, Geyik Dam and Ortakoy Well in the same basin. Comparisons between trace
metal concentrations in water and sediment in three sources (Stream, Dam and Well) were made. The concentrations of a large
number of trace metals in the water and sediment were generally higher in the Stream than in the Well and Dam, particularly
in summer. Trace metal concentration ranges in sediments of the Saricay Stream and its sources showed very wide ranges (as
mass ratio): Co: 5–476 μg g−1, Cr: 15–1308 μg g−1, Cu: 7–128 μg g−1, Fe: 1120–13210 μg g−1, Mn: 150–2613 μg g−1, Ni: 102–390 μg g−1, Pb: 0.7–31.3 μg g−1 and Zn: 18–304 μg g−1, whereas Cd was not detected. Trace metal concentration ranges found in waters were: Co: 9.5–20.7 μg L−1, Cr: 20.3–284 μg L−1, Cu: 170–840 μg L−1, Fe: 176–1830 μg L−1, Mn: 29.3–387 μg L−1, and Ni: 4.3–21.9 μg L−1. Among the trace metals studied, Cd and Zn in two seasons and Pb in winter were usually not detected or in the recommended
levels. In addition, Cd was not detected in the sediment during the winter season. The analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA)
and correlation matrix was employed for the sediment and water samples of the two field surveys (summer and winter) comparison.
The three sources showed differences in metal contents. The metal levels in sediments displayed marked seasonal and regional
variations, which were attributed to anthropogenic influences and natural processes. In the Saricay Stream, high values of
metals during the dry season showed an anthropological effect from small industry firms, e.g.: an olive mill and a dairy farm
or water dilution during summer seasons. Finally, the pollution in this basin probably originated from small industrial, low
quality coal-burned thermal power plants, and particularly agricultural and domestic waste discharges. 相似文献
199.
Yayintaş OT Yilmaz S Türkoğlu M Colakoğlu FA Cakir F 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,134(1-3):321-331
Waste water pollution in industrial areas is one of the most important environmental problems. Heavy metal pollution, especially chromium species in waste water sources from tannery affects our lives. Kocabas Stream is located in south-west Marmara region and Biga town is positioned in the sub basin on the stream. This water source functions as the water for irrigation in agriculture, drinking water for animals and for human use. Thus, this study is of great importance. Waste water pollution can affect all ecosystems and human health by directly or indirectly as in food chain. The concentration of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn and Cr) were pre-analysed by ICP-AES method in water samples taken from sub-basin of Kocabas stream. In the results of these analyses, concentrations of the metals except chromium were founded at the limit value. But the total concentration of the Cr was found at high levels of between 0.0082 +/- 0.0001 and 5.7231 +/- 0.0921 mg l(-1) over the limit value (0.05 mg l(-1); WHO, EPA, TSE 266 and inland water quality classification) at sampling points very close to tannery factories. Also physicochemical and microbiological parameters of Kocabas Stream were determined. The effects of the experimental results on environment were investigated. 相似文献
200.
Rawat M Singh UK Mishra AK Subramanian V 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,137(1-3):67-74
In this study, an attempt has been made to study methane flux and quantification of heavy metals from Municipal Solid Waste
(MSW) landfill areas of selected cities in India. During the period of study, the average value of methane flux was estimated
from these landfill areas varied from 146–454 mg/m2/h. Methane emission from landfill is of serious environmental global concern
as it accounts for approximately 15 percentages of current Greenhouse gas emissions. It has been estimated that methane emission,
from landfill areas in the world, in next two decades would be same as that what is emitted from paddy fields presently. Besides,
the estimation of methane flux, quantification of some heavy metals was conducted to analyse the suitability of using MSW
as compost. The average values for metals were observed to be both within the range of USEPA and Indian standards for MSW
disposal in landfill areas and to be used as compost respectively. 相似文献