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41.
Monthly samplings of solitary entoprocts were carried out at Mizugama and Ginowan Fishery Port, Okinawa Island, the central
Ryukyus, Japan from November 2000 to November 2001. We examined the entoproct populations on the glass slides that had been
placed at the two sites for 2 months, and a total of 18,322 individuals of solitary entoprocts were recorded. They were Loxomitra
mizugamaensis, L. ryukyuensis, L. tetraorganon, Loxosomella aloxiata, L. intragemmata, L. lecythifera, L. monocera, L. stomatophora, and Loxocorone allax. Our analyses indicate that (1) the abundance of solitary entoprocts in this region is high in summer and low in winter,
(2) most species reproduce by budding all year round, and (3) sexual reproduction is restricted to a short period in summer
(July or August). 相似文献
42.
43.
Oceanic residents, neritic migrants: a possible mechanism underlying foraging dichotomy in adult female loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
To reveal the mechanism underlying intrapopulation variation in the use of feeding habitats (oceanic vs. neritic) by adult
female loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta), we compared telomere length in the epidermis (a proxy for age) between oceanic- and neritic-foraging recruits (first-time
nesters). Based on egg-yolk stable isotope ratios, recruits at Yakushima Island, Japan, were clearly divided into small oceanic
planktivores and large neritic benthivores. There were no significant differences in telomere length between oceanic and neritic
foragers, suggesting that they start reproduction at similar ages. Turtles that experienced faster growing conditions during
their oceanic early lives may achieve sexual maturity there, while others may move from oceanic areas into neritic habitats,
switching diets from nutrient-poor macroplankton to nutrient-rich benthic fauna in order to compensate for their earlier slow
growth rate and continue their sexual development, reaching maturity in neritic waters. 相似文献
44.
Yuzo Ota Osamu Hoshino Mamiko Hirose Katsuhiko Tanaka Euichi Hirose 《Marine Biology》2012,159(10):2333-2347
The life cycle of the fish ectoparasitic isopod Gnathia trimaculata is described based on both field samplings and laboratory observations. Species identification of the larvae was based on morphological observation and supported by molecular analysis. As the results of field samplings in several sites of southwestern and central Japan (24–34°N, 124–139°E) from 2005–2011, approximately 900 third-stage larvae of G. trimaculata were found on 25 elasmobranch species, and 220 first- and second-stage larvae were found on three teleost species. No third-stage larvae were found on the teleosts, and the larvae of younger stages never infested elasmobranchs. Therefore, G. trimaculata is supposed to shift its host from teleosts to elasmobranchs as it develops. We discuss the developmental periods, life span, distribution, and predation risk of the present species compared with other gnathiid species. 相似文献
45.
Miller MJ Yoshinaga T Aoyama J Otake T Mochioka N Kurogi H Tsukamoto K 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2011,98(6):537-543
The spawning area of the common Japanese conger, Conger myriaster, had remained unknown because spawning adults or its newly hatched larvae were never collected. Using genetic identification,
we determined that C. myriaster spawns far offshore in the western North Pacific, just west of the spawning area of the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica. In June 2008, six newly hatched C. myriaster larvae, 5.6–6.9 mm, were collected at the eastern edge of where many small unidentified Conger leptocephali (7–20 mm) were collected previously. The offshore spawning location of C. myriaster is analogous to that of the American conger eel, Conger oceanicus, and the American eel, Anguilla rostrata, in the Sargasso Sea, suggesting that convergent evolution of large-scale reproductive migration strategies in both anguillid
and conger eels has occurred in the north Atlantic and Pacific subtropical gyres. The realization that two anguillids, A. rostrata and A. japonica, and two congers, C. oceanicus and C. myriaster, have evolved almost identical migration strategies in widely separated ocean basins suggests that natural selection for
larval survival and recruitment success has resulted in long offshore spawning migrations in two phylogenetically distant
taxa of anguilliform eels. 相似文献
46.
Jun Yamamoto Miyuki Hirose Tetsuya Ohtani Katashi Sugimoto Kazue Hirase Nobuo Shimamoto Tsuyoshi Shimura Natsumi Honda Yasuzumi Fujimori Tohru Mukai 《Marine Biology》2008,153(3):311-317
The fate of the giant jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai after death was examined in the southwest Sea of Japan. The density of dead jellyfish was greater than that of live animals.
The dead animals are heavier than the Japan Sea Proper Water which occurs deeper than 200 m, suggesting that dead jellyfish
sink to the sea floor. The sea floor survey, conducted with a towed video tape recorder (VTR) monitoring system between mid
September and mid October, observed a total of 138 jellyfish during 28 of 29 operations. The density of carrion ranged between
0.2 and 5.1 individuals/1,000 m2 (mean ± SE = 1.1 ± 0.2). Ophiuroids occurred abundantly at 23 jellyfish carcasses and a sea anemone was observed attached
to five carcasses. The VTR surveys confirmed that carrion sinks to the sea floor not only during the winter, the normal end
of life for medusae, but also during the fall. A trap survey baited with medusae was also employed, and four different species
were sampled with the traps: the snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio), a shrimp (Pandalopsis japonica), the ivory shell (Buccinum striatissimum) and an ophiuroid (Ophiura sarsii). Much of the trap bait remained (49–68% weight-mean = 60.3%) during the 23 h soak-time, and the reduction in weight was
greater than that observed by bacterial decomposition, suggesting benthic animals consume dead organisms. The present study
indicates that dead N. nomurai sink to the sea floor continuously and were subsequently consumed by benthic scavengers. 相似文献
47.
Shinya Inazumi Hiroyasu Ohtsu Tomoki Shiotani Takeshi Katsumi 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2011,13(2):139-149
It is very important that waste should be controlled and appropriately handled in a waste disposal stream, considering its
impact on the environment. In this research, the LCA-EA model was applied to the current waste disposal stream of the BMR
as well as other waste disposal stream scenarios, so that treatment cost, environmental load and environmental cost were assessed
quantatively. The results of this study showed that in the current waste diposal stream in Bangkok, there were large contributions
from carbon dioxide and methane to the greenhouse gas emissions from the stream. The study was able to quantify the reductions
in environmental load associated with various waste disposal stream scenarios, using the baseline scenario as a standard. 相似文献
48.
K. Hirose Y. Igarashi M. Aoyama Y. Inomata 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2010,101(2):106-112
Monthly plutonium and thorium depositions at Tsukuba (28 m asl) and Mt. Haruna (1370 m asl) were measured during 2006 and 2007 (Jan 2006-Dec 2007 at Tsukuba, Nov 2006-Dec 2007 at Mt. Haruna). The monthly 239,240Pu depositions ranged from 0.044 to 2.67 mBq m−2 at Tsukuba and from 0.05 to 0.9 mBq m−2 at Mt. Haruna during the measurement periods. Monthly 239,240Pu deposition did not differ markedly between the two sites except in April 2007. Seasonal pattern of monthly 239,240Pu depositions at both sites showed high in spring and low in summer, and typical of seasonal variations in northeastern Asia. Thorium deposition at Tsukuba was higher than that at Mt. Haruna except in May and June 2007. 230Th/232Th activity ratios were used to partition deposition samples into locally and remotely derived fractions. The results revealed that a major proportion of total 239,240Pu and Th deposits are derived from remote sources, especially in spring. 相似文献
49.
50.
Yamamoto M Sakaguchi A Sasaki K Hirose K Igarashi Y Kim CK 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2006,86(1):110-131
Monthly depositional fluxes of (210)Pb and (7)Be at Tatsunokuchi, Japan which faces the Japan Sea were studied over a 12-year period from 1991 to 2002. The data were compared with the spatial variability of these fluxes at Taejon in Korea and at 11 other sites in Japan from Ishigaki of the southern islands of Okinawa to Wakkanai of the northern end of Hokkaido over a 2-year period from 2000 to 2001. The monthly depositions of both (210)Pb and (7)Be at Tatsunokuchi revealed very similar seasonal variations with a single peak; both depositions were high in winter and low in summer. This phenomenon was found to be not transient but stationary. The deposition of these nuclides was much greater on the Japan Sea side of Japan than on the Pacific Ocean side. The cause for high deposition of (210)Pb and (7)Be in winter might be explained by a combination of a series of the following processes: blowing out of air masses with a high (210)Pb concentration near the surface layer over the continent by strong winter monsoons, additional flow of cold air masses with high (7)Be concentration at high latitude, well-mixing with generation of ascending current and convection clouds over the Japan Sea, and heavy snowfalls accompanying them. 相似文献