生物表面活性剂产生菌犁头霉菌(Absidia orchidis)的筛选及发酵条件优化

采用植物油为唯一碳源,设计选择培养基,从饭店下水道污泥中筛选出生物表面活性剂产生菌.结果分离到12株菌,其中一株能使发酵液的表面张力值从68 mN·m-1降低到34.5 mN·m-1,具有开发潜力,被选出作进一步的研究.该菌株经鉴定为犁头霉菌(Absidia orchidis).通过正交试验对犁头霉菌的培养条件进行优化,其优化培养条件为:植物油3.6 g·L-1,KH2PO412.1 g·L-1,Na2HPO45 g·L-1,(NH4)2SO4 1 g·L-1,NaNO32 g·L-1,酵母浸膏0.1 g·L-1,MgSO4·7H2O 0.15 g·L-1,NaCl 5 g·L-1,CaCl2 0.1 g·L-1,EDTA 1 g·L-1,KI 0.83μg·L-1,H3PO4 0.01μg·L-1,CoCl2·6H2O 0.048μg·L-1,MnSO4·H2O 0.312μg·L-1,Na2 MoO4·2H2O 0.048μg·L-1,ZnCl2 0.287μg·L-1,CuSO4·5H2O 0.125μg·L-1,初始pH值8,接种量6%.发酵70h时可获得生物表面活性剂的最大收获量,此时发酵液中生物表面活性剂的相对浓度达402倍.     

高浊度污水快速净化新技术

介绍了一种快速净化高浊度污水的新技术,该技术根据化学强化一级处理(chemically enhanced primary treatment,CEPT)技术、闪速混合(flash mixing)技术、旋流和点涡流絮凝技术、悬浮泥层过滤技术和过滤水力学原理等理论,采用物理化学法去除污水中的有机污染物和其他有害杂质,其有着流程简单可靠、投资和运行费用低、占地少、净化效果好的优势.     

Discovering meaningful information from large amounts of environment and health data to reduce uncertainties in formulating environmental policies

This study uses knowledge discovery concepts to analyze large amounts of data step by step for the purpose of assisting in the formulation of environmental policy. We performed data cleansing and extracting from existing nation-wide databases, and used regression and classification techniques to analyze the data. The current water hardness in Kaohsiung, Taiwan contributes to the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) but exacerbates the development of renal stones (RS). However, to focus on water hardness alone to control RS would not be cost effective at all, because the existing database parameters do not adequately allow for a clear understanding of RS. Analysis of huge amounts of data can most often turn up the most reliable and convincing results and the use of existing databases can be cost-effective.     

大同在"不满意"中改善环境

素有煤都之称的大同市位于山西省的最北部,是我国主要的能源、重化工基地,也是全国著名的旅游城市.计划经济时代,由于环保投入严重不足,大同市在以高成本、低价格向全国大量输出能源的同时,却将污染留给了自己,并留下了巨额的环境欠账.     

亚硝酸盐对聚磷菌吸磷效果的影响

以厌氧/好氧生化反应器中的聚磷菌为实验对象,探讨了亚硝酸盐对聚磷菌吸磷效果的影响.结果表明:低浓度NO₂^--N可以作为聚磷菌的电子受体,实现NO₂^--N型反硝化除磷,但吸磷总量和吸磷速率明显低于NO₃^--N型反硝化除磷的效果;当NO₂^--N和NO₃^--N共存于缺氧环境时,NO₂^--N对NO₃^--N型反硝化除磷的除磷总量和速率没有影响,但会降低NO₃^--N的消耗量;NO₂^--N型反硝化除磷污泥的好氧吸磷量和速率均低于传统A/O厌氧放磷污泥的效果,但由于它经历了缺氧吸磷和好氧吸磷2个阶段,因此,从吸磷总量或出水水质看,二者相差不大.     

低强度超声波强化污水生物处理机制

研究发现低强度的超声辐照可以有效促进微生物的活性,可将其用于强化污水的生物处理,通过增强反应器内微生物的活性来提高污水的处理效率.本文综述了超声波在生物工程和生物学上的国内外研究成果,对低强度超声波的生物效应以及在促进生物活性中的主要作用机制进行了探讨,并分析了其在强化污水生物处理中的应用前景.     

用生物填料塔处理三甲胺废气

为解决废气中有机胺类物质的恶臭污染问题,采用自制生物填料塔处理三甲胺废气,考察了生物填料塔运行的主要影响因素及对三甲胺废气的净化效果。实验结果表明,在进气中三甲胺质量浓度为80.00mg/m3、气体流量为0.3m3/h(停留时间不小于30s)、循环液喷淋密度为0.5m3/(m2.h)的条件下,三甲胺去除率达99.9%,净化后气体能达到国家二级排放标准;生物填料塔对三甲胺的总去除量与容积负荷呈直线关系,相关系数达0.9949,表明三甲胺废气的生物净化效果显著。     

广东省“十二五”生态环境时空变化趋势及影响因素

基于2011—2015年Landsat7、Landsat8等卫星遥感影像,结合土壤侵蚀面积、水资源量、降雨量、污染物排放量等统计数据,按照《生态环境状况评价技术规范》(HJ 192—2015),研究评价广东省"十二五"期间生态环境状况及其时空变化趋势,并对其影响因素进行综合分析。结果表明,广东省的生态环境状况总体为优,各市生态环境状况均属优、良,粤北生态环境状况整体最好;广东省及各市生态环境状况稳中趋好,但呈现温和地波动变化;主要污染物排放量下降和水资源总量提高是促进生态环境状况改善的主要原因。     

Effect of fipronil on biogas production performance during anaerobic digestion of chicken manure and corn straw

Fipronil is a broad-spectrum insecticide that has a good control effect on pests of commercial poultry. Although many studies have reported the environmental fate of fipronil, the influence of residual fipronil in poultry waste on biogas production has not been further explored yet. In this article, an experimental comparative study on anaerobic digestion (AD) of chicken manure (CM) and corn straw (CS) with different fipronil concentrations (FCs) was carried at 8% of total solid (TS) and mid-temperature (35?±?1)°C. The results showed that fipronil had a significant effect on biogas production during AD of CM and CS. When the FC is at a low level (≤10?mg·kg^?1), the biogas production rate is increased and the digestion period was shortened, while higher FC (≥ 20?mg·kg^?1) showed an inhibitory effect. During the monitoring of enzyme activity, low FC showed no significant effect on cellulase and saccharase, but the urease activity increased in the early stage. High FC showed inhibition of activity of cellulase and urease, but the saccharase activity was significantly inhibited until FC reached 40?mg·kg^?1. This study also confirms that the environment in anaerobic digester is favorable for the degradation of fipronil, and its half-life is about 15.83?days.     

Combination with catalyzed Fe(0)-carbon microelectrolysis and activated carbon adsorption for advanced reclaimed water treatment: simultaneous nitrate and biorefractory organics removal

A process combining catalyzed Fe(0)-carbon microelectrolysis (IC-ME) with activated carbon (AC) adsorption was developed for advanced reclaimed water treatment. Simultaneous nitrate reduction and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal were achieved, and the effects of composite catalyst (CC) addition, AC addition, and initial pH were investigated. The reaction kinetics and reaction mechanisms were calculated and analyzed. The results showed that CC addition could enhance the reduction rate of nitrate and effectively inhibit the production of ammonia. Moreover, AC addition increased the adsorption capacity of biorefractory organic compounds (BROs) and enhanced the degradation of BRO. The reduction of NO₃^?–N at different pH values was consistently greater than 96.9%, and NH₄⁺–N was suppressed by high pH. The presence of CC ensured the reaction rate of IC-ME at high pH. The reaction kinetics orders and constants were calculated. Catalyzed iron scrap (IS)-AC showed much better nitrate reduction and BRO degradation performances than IS-AC and AC. The IC-ME showed great potential for application to nitrate and BRO reduction in reclaimed water.