红外光谱法测定粉尘中游离二氧化硅综述

全面地回顾了国内外红外光谱法测定粉尘中游离二氧化硅的研究成果。系统而重点地介绍了溴化钾压片法、粉尘滤膜样品重沉积和采样滤膜直接测定技术,分析了样品粒度、标准石英物质和矿物干扰物对测定结果的影响及干扰消除方法;还介绍了国外对红外光谱法与Ｘ－射线衍射法进行比较性研究的结果和动态,并得出结论。文章所列参考文献对本领域研究人员和基层检测人员具有很高的参考价值。     

掘进巷道粉尘控制技术的研究

针对掘进巷道的特点,研制了一种高效实用的自激式水浴水膜除尘器,并对其结构、除尘过程和与掘进机相配套的方式进行了研究分析。还对掘进巷道中的产尘源进行了调查和分析,认为掘进巷道的防尘方法：应先采用掘进机头的内外喷雾,然后采用长压短抽的通风除尘系统和利用除尘器将含尘空气进行净化;对转载点除尘采用简易闭密罩加喷雾;对巷道周壁的粉尘采用喷洒粘尘剂固尘,才能有效地降低整个巷道的粉尘浓度。     

测定单个粒子的薄膜法及其应用

本文介绍改进后的薄膜法,主要是形态分析法和复合薄膜法。它们都是基于粒子和薄膜反应生成物的形态特征通过电镜来确定粒子成分的。前者可以检测单个酸性粒子,检出下限为７ ×１０－ １９ｇ;后者能同时检出一个粒子中所含的ＮＯ－３ 和ＳＯ２ －４ ,检出下限分别为３ ×１０－ １５ｇ 和７ ×１０－ １８ｇ。利用该方法对广州大气粒子进行了观察,结果表明改进后的薄膜法完全适用于对单个粒子的观察和测定。     

ICP-AES法测定中药川附子微量重金属元素

本工作采用ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ法分析中药川附子中微量重金属元素。通过对潞党参标准样品的分析与ＡＡＳ法的结果比较,确定了方法的准确度。应用该法弄清了川附子炮制前后微量重金属的含量及其浓度变化情况,从而为川附子的开发与国际化提供了科学依据。     

我国可持续发展十大目标：关于“十五”计划制定的建议

“十五”计划是我国２１ 世纪的重大发展计划,直接关系着国民经济的发展方向,而实施可持续发展战略是我国“十五”计划和２０１５ 年远景规划的重要内容之一。为改善人民生活质量,改变“高资本投入、高资源消耗、高污染排放”发展模式,建立适合中国国情的“资源节约型”和“环境友好型”国民经济体系,充分利用“两种资源”和“两个市场”,本文提出了我国可持续发展的十大目标     

实施《全国生态环境建设规划》的基本思路

良好的生态环境是可持续发展的重要前提条件,为了实施好《全国生态环境建设规划》,本文从组织层面、管理层面、法规层面,提出了实施的基本措施     

泥石流与人类经济活动

山地是泥石流与人类共存的环境,泥石流作用于山地环境,强烈地影响人类经济活动：人类经济活动也作用于山地环境,强烈地影响泥石流。泥石流对山地环境的危害,主要为破坏地表、破坏生态系统和淤堵江河;泥石流对人类及其经济活动的危害,主要为破坏城镇,村庄,工矿,交通水利水电工程,农田和人类自身的安全。泥石流危害的结果,能导致山地坡面破碎化、沟口沙石化、河床宽浅化和植被逆向演替化,以及耕地贫瘠化、经济发展滞后化和     

浅析全球变暖的成因与人类健康

论述了全球变暖是当前人类所面临的一个最为严重的环境问题。这种日趋恶化的环境的产生与人类的各种活动是息息相关的, 环境的恶化必将给人类的健康带来最为严重的后果。     

Analysis of the recycling system for aluminum cans,focusing on collection,transportation, and the intermediate processing methods

In this article, the systems for the collection and intermediate processing of used beverage cans (UBCs) are compared and analyzed, focusing on the time taken and the cost of processing, the energy consumption, and the emissions of CO₂, SO _x , and NO _x , during the process. We found that cases where the UBCs were crushed in the discharging process gave better results, and how the UBCs were collected was the most important factor. It was more desirable to treat UBCs in one place than in two places. When the transportation distance was longer, the pressed form of UBCs was more convenient. When the transportation distance was short, the original form, the crushed form, and the shredded form of UBCs were all suitable. That is, the contribution of the transportation process to the evaluation was large when the transport distance was long, and the contribution of the treatment process was large when the transport distance was short.     

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans from food salt samples processed by heat treatment in Korea

Eight samples of processed food salt collected from five plants in Korea were analyzed for 2,3,7,8-substituted polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) using liquid-liquid extraction, clean-up procedures, and high resolution gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. The study included the analyses of two kinds of salt product sample: bamboo-salt and parched salt. The levels of toxic PCDD/Fs found in the salt product samples were extremely low: the results revealed TEQ levels ranging between the sub pg TEQ/g and sub fg TEQ/g. The differences in the TEQ values of toxic PCDD/F were observed between the salt product samples, which were treated with different frequency of baking using four different fuels (firewood, pine wood, pine resin, and indirect heating by gas) at temperatures from 300 to 2000 degrees C. In bamboo-salt samples, the concentrations and TEQ values of toxic PCDD/Fs ranged between 0.57-66 pg/g and 5.7x10(-5)-0.64 pg TEQ/g, respectively. PCDD/Fs levels in bamboo-salts baked by firewood were found to be higher than those baked by pinewood or pine resin. In parched salt samples, the concentrations and TEQ values of toxic PCDD/Fs ranged between 0.97-3.7 pg/g and 0.0097-0.017 pg TEQ/g, respectively. The data was discussed regarding the concentration and the distribution pattern of congeners.