Development of an ELISA for the detection of bromoxynil in water

For development of an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the nitrile herbicide bromoxynil, the polyclonal antibodies raised against 2,6-dibromo-4-cyano-phenoxyacetic acid (hapten) conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA) by the N-hydroxysuccinimide-activated ester method. Antiserum with a sufficiently high titer to provide the determinations of targeted compounds was obtained only 77 days after the primary immunization. Antiserum A2 was applied to the residual analysis of some water samples, under optimized ELISA condition, the quantitative working range was from 10 to 500 ppb with a limit of detection of 5 ppb. Cross-reactivity to structurally similar agrochemicals and related chemicals was determined. The antiserum showed little cross-reactivity with 2,6-dibromophenol and bromoxynil octanoate ester which have a dibromophenol group as common structure, but showed no cross-reactivity with other herbicides. Each water sample (river water, tap water, purified water, and bottled water) had a matrix effect and was investigated by adding Tween20 in the assay buffer. These four kinds of water samples were fortified with bromoxynil at several concentration levels and were directly analyzed with only dilution with an equal volume of antiserum solution, the mean recovery was 102.3%, and the mean coefficient of variation was 5.96%. The proposed ELISA turned out to be a powerful tool for monitoring of residual bromoxynil in water samples at trace level.     

关于建立资源与环境快速反应系统的探讨

本文阐述了国家快速反应系统的概念及其作用。以建立资源与环境快速反应系统为例,说明建立系统的必要性、系统的内容、组成及技术指示。     

加热炉炉管穿孔事故处理及原因分析

以一起直接式原油加热炉炉管穿孔事故为例,介绍了事故处理程序,分析了炉管穿孔的原因是由于漏点腐蚀、坑点腐蚀以及炉管管卡损坏导致的,并提出了类似事故防范对策.     

某原油管道储运企业职业健康监护工作体会

原油管道储运行业地域辽阔、点多线长、易燃易爆,职业危害因素种类繁多,人员接触广泛,职业卫生工作难度较大.笔者结合工作实际,就原油管道储运企业职业健康监护谈谈工作体会.     

蒙城地震台地磁绝对观测数据处理分析软件

蒙城地震台地磁绝对观测数据主要通过手工方式计算处理,由于内容多而繁琐,很容易出现人为错误,而且工作效率不高。本文介绍了“蒙城地震台地磁绝对观测数据处理分析软件”,该软件将绝对观测日常数据处理工作有效整合,形成了流程,提高了数据处理效率。并能够对数据进行误差统计、趋势分析等,以了解观测资料的实际状况。     

Anthropogenic nitrogen sources and exports in a village-scale catchment in Southeast China

An experimental village-scale catchment was selected for investigation of nitrogen (N) sources and exports. The mean N application rate over the catchment was 350.2 kg N ha⁻¹, but this rate varied spatially and temporally. The N leaching loss rate varied from 8.1 to 52.7 kg N ha⁻¹ under different land use regimes. The average N leaching loss rate was 13.4 kg N ha⁻¹ over the whole catchment, representing about 3.8% of the total N inputs. The N export rate through stormflows was 28.8 kg N ha⁻¹, about 8.2% of the total N inputs. Seasonal patterns showed that 95% of N exports through stormflows occurred during July to September in 2002. Overall, the maximum riverine N exports were 12.1% of total N inputs and 15.5% of the inorganic fertilizer N applied. Understanding N sources and exports in a village-scale catchment can provide a knowledge base for amelioration of diffuse agricultural pollution.     

TiO2/SiO2催化剂光催化降解罗丹明B的表观动力学

采用多孔硅胶为载体的TiO₂/SiO₂光催化剂,建立了三相内循环流化床光催化氧化体系,并以罗丹明B染料为典型污染物,研究其降解规律.通过对罗丹明B降解过程的表观动力学研究,发现在该体系中罗丹明B的降解并不符合Langmuir-Hinshelwood反应动力学模型.实验表明,其降解反应动力学符合双曲型模式,即降解率的倒数1/X和时间的倒数1/t成线性关系.反应速率常数与反应物初始浓度无关,与光源强度和相对体积能量吸收速率成正比.将不同实验条件下的罗丹明B的降解率实测值与模型计算值相比较,二者能很好吻合,平均相对偏差仅为3.25%.     

Chemical characterization of fine particles from on-road vehicles in the Wutong tunnel in Shenzhen, China

Vehicle populations in China have been increasing sharply since 1990s. Vehicle emissions including various gaseous pollutants and particulate matter cause deterioration of air quality. However, measurements of particulate mater from on-road vehicles in China are scarcely reported, and thus the chemical compositions of particles emitted from vehicles in China are unknown. In this research, tunnel experiments were performed to measure PM2.5 in the Wutong tunnel, Shenzhen, China. Detailed PM2.5 chemical compositions, with organic compounds determined by GC/MS, in the tunnel were presented. Elemental carbon and organic matter composed 63% and 34% of the total PM2.5 mass in the Wutong tunnel, respectively. Alkanes, PAHs, hopanes, fatty acids, and dicarboxylic acids were the major identified organic compounds, and their source profiles in the PM2.5 in the Wutong tunnel were characterized. The comparisons of our measurements with those in the literature were also made to demonstrate the characteristics of the vehicle source profiles in the Wutong tunnel. The experimental results in this paper can improve understanding of particulate matter emitted from vehicles in China.     

Effects of riboflavin on the phototransformation of benzo[a]pyrene

Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) is a natural dye-sensitizer habitually present in natural waters. Effects of riboflavin as photosensitizer on the transformation of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) (10 microM) in the aqueous-organic solvent (water/acetonitrile/methanol 50/40/10) were investigated in this study. The photolysis half life of BaP in solution containing 50 microM riboflavin was 5 min, compared to 98 min in the absence of riboflavin. The rate of phototransformation of BaP increased as the concentration of riboflavin was raised from 10 microM to 100 microM under both natural sunlight and UVA irradiation. The half life of BaP in the presence of 50 microM riboflavin was 10.6 min and 43.1 min when exposed to visible range of natural sunlight and UVA irradiation respectively. Riboflavin decomposes under natural sunlight. Lumichrome, a principal photoproduct of riboflavin, was shown to photosensitize BaP under natural sunlight after photolysis of riboflavin. Our study indicated that other photoproducts from riboflavin, such as lumiflavin, were also involved in the phototransformation of BaP under sunlight when riboflavin diminished. The major photoproducts in the photolysis of BaP were identified as 1,6-benzo[a]pyrene-dione, 3,6-benzo[a]pyrene-dione, 6,12-benzo[a]pyrene-dione by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). All these products were detected in the samples which were irradiated under different light sources and in the presence or absence of riboflavin. The possible phototransformation mechanism was discussed.     

Nationwide monitoring of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in sediments from coastal environment of Korea

To assess the organochlorine contamination in the Korean marine environment, a nationwide monitoring study was conducted. A total of 138 surface sediments, covering the whole Korean coast, were collected and analyzed. Organochlorine compounds (OCs) were widely distributed in the Korean coastal environment, with PCB and DDT contamination being particularly prevalent. The overall concentrations of PCBs, DDTs, HCHs, CHLs, and HCB in surface sediments were in the range of 0.088-199ngg(-1) (median value: 1.56ngg(-1)), 0.006-135ngg(-1) (0.68ngg(-1)), not detected (ND)-5.46ngg(-1) (0.32ngg(-1)), ND-3.26ngg(-1) (0.14ngg(-1)), and ND-2.59ngg(-1) (0.05ngg(-1)), respectively. The southeastern coast was found to be highly contaminated. Overall contamination status of Korean coastal sediments with regard to OCs is lower than that of USA. With the exception of highly industrialized sites, Korean coastal areas in general showed similar OC concentrations to those of other Asian countries. There was a significant correlation between distributions of most organochlorine contaminants with each other. OC contamination is closely related to shipping and industrial activities. Of the 7 sites categorized as highly polluted, 4 are in a harbor zone. Adverse effects to benthic communities are expected at the levels of OC contamination observed from harbor and industrial areas.