TMA改性粘土矿物对模拟地下水中苯系物的吸附

用短链季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂四甲基铵离子（ＴＭＡ）改性膨润土和凹凸棒土,研究它们对模拟地下水中苯系物的吸附作用。二种ＴＭＡ改性粘土矿物均可以有效地吸附模拟地下水中的苯系物,吸附机理较复杂,主要以表面吸附为主。     

西南部分地区麻疯树种子油的理化性质及脂肪酸组成分析

从西南6个地区采集了麻疯树种子并分析比较了其生物学性状和种子油的理化性质及脂肪酸组成.所有样品的百粒重范围为41.80~71.39g,出仁率60.02%~81.43%,种仁含油率51.76%~57.93%,种子含油率31.07%~47.17%,不饱和脂肪酸含量74.89%~79.68%.其中永胜产麻疯树的种子品质最好,其出仁率为81.43%,种仁含油率57.93%,种子含油率47.17%,不饱和脂肪酸含量79.68%.攀枝花和宁南产麻疯树的种子品质次之.双柏和罗甸麻疯树的种子油酸值为0.81,在所有样品(0.81~9.46)中最低.对麻疯树种子及种子油性质的相关数据进行方差分析,结果表明,产地不同,麻疯树种子的生物学性质、种子油理化性质和脂肪酸组成都有一些差异.图2表3参18     

农药对农田蜘蛛生态效应的研究进展

农药对农田蜘蛛的生态效应是进行农田害虫综合防治的生态学基础.本文综述了农田蜘蛛接触和吸收农药的主要途径、农药对蜘蛛的生态效应、蜘蛛对农药的抗性以及农药对蜘蛛的致死效应等研究现状.关于农药对农田蜘蛛亚致死效应的研究,特别是分子、生化、生理、行为等方面的异常,国内外报道不多,因此这方面的研究工作有待于进一步加强.参47     

长期定位施肥对土壤生理转化菌群的影响

针对哈尔滨黑土28 a长期定位施肥现状进行土壤生理转化菌群测试分析,采用稀释平板法和MPN法测定不同施肥处理土壤的微生物各生理群的数量.结果表明:施肥处理的土壤微生物多样性指数最高,微生物种类多,群落结构较复杂,同不施肥处理之间的土壤微生物群落结构组成存在显著差异.     

TiO2@palygorskite composite for the efficient remediation of oil spills via a dispersion-photodegradation synergy

• A novel and multi-functional clay-based oil spill remediation system was constructed. • TiO₂@PAL functions as a particulate dispersant to break oil slick into tiny droplets. • Effective dispersion leads to the direct contact of TiO₂ with oil pollutes directly. • TiO₂ loaded on PAL exhibits efficient photodegradation for oil pollutants. • TiO₂@PAL shows a typical dispersion-photocatalysis synergistic remediation. Removing spilled oil from the water surface is critically important given that oil spill accidents are a common occurrence. In this study, TiO₂@Palygorskite composite prepared by a simple coprecipitation method was used for oil spill remediation via a dispersion-photodegradation synergy. Diesel could be efficiently dispersed into small oil droplets by TiO₂@Palygorskite. These dispersed droplets had an average diameter of 20–30 mm and exhibited good time stability. The tight adsorption of TiO₂@Palygorskite on the surface of the droplets was observed in fluorescence and SEM images. As a particulate dispersant, the direct contact of TiO₂@Palygorskite with oil pollutants effectively enhanced the photodegradation efficiency of TiO₂ for oil. During the photodegradation process, •O₂⁻and •OH were detected by ESR and radical trapping experiments. The photodegradation efficiency of diesel by TiO₂@Palygorskite was enhanced by about 5 times compared with pure TiO₂ under simulated sunlight irradiation. The establishment of this new dispersion-photodegradation synergistic remediation system provides a new direction for the development of marine oil spill remediation.     

Modeling porosity reductions caused by mineral fouling in continuous-wall permeable reactive barriers

A study was conducted to assess key factors to include when modeling porosity reductions caused by mineral fouling in permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) containing granular zero valent iron. The public domain codes MODFLOW and RT3D were used and a geochemical algorithm was developed for RT3D to simulate geochemical reactions occurring in PRBs. Results of simulations conducted with the model show that the largest porosity reductions occur between the entrance and mid-plane of the PRB as a result of precipitation of carbonate minerals and that smaller porosity reductions occur between the mid-plane and exit face due to precipitation of ferrous hydroxide. These findings are consistent with field and laboratory observations, as well as modeling predictions made by others. Parametric studies were conducted to identify the most important variables to include in a model evaluating porosity reduction. These studies showed that three minerals (CaCO3, FeCO3, and Fe(OH)2 (am)) account for more than 99% of the porosity reductions that were predicted. The porosity reduction is sensitive to influent concentrations of HCO3-, Ca2+, CO3(2-), and dissolved oxygen, the anaerobic iron corrosion rate, and the rates of CaCO3 and FeCO3 formation. The predictions also show that porosity reductions in PRBs can be spatially variable and mineral forming ions penetrate deeper into the PRB as a result of flow heterogeneities, which reflects the balance between the rate of mass transport and geochemical reaction rates. Level of aquifer heterogeneity and the contrast in hydraulic conductivity between the aquifer and PRB are the most important hydraulic variables affecting porosity reduction. Spatial continuity of aquifer hydraulic conductivity is less significant.     

化学溶胀法分离废弃线路板中金属与基板

废弃线路板的粉碎和所含金属组分的高效解离是后续分选回收的前提条件。本研究分别使用乙二胺等10种溶剂浸泡废弃线路板,比较对线路板中铜箔与基板间剥离强度的影响,从而筛选出4种有代表性的溶剂,即溶剂D、溶剂F、丙酮和水, 比较废弃线路板经化学溶胀后的单体解离度和获得一定粒径分布的颗粒所需的破碎时间。研究结果表明,化学溶胀后破碎能大幅提高金属的单体解离度,浸泡效果的优良排序为：溶剂D>溶剂F>丙酮>水;浸泡时间越长,浸泡温度越高,对剥离强度的降低越有利;使用溶剂D在150℃、3 h或140℃、5 h的工艺下浸泡废弃线路板,可以使铜箔与基板自动脱落。研究结果为后续的分选提供了便利的条件。     

数据挖掘平台在珊瑚礁生态系统保护中的初步构建研究

近年来,由于疾病、污染、海洋温度上升以及人类的过度利用,珊瑚礁正面临着致命的毁灭.为了保护珊瑚礁生态系统,迫切需要收集和分析数据,找出影响珊瑚礁生存的主要因素.数据挖掘技术可用于复杂系统的行为建模和预测,将数据挖掘算法与珊瑚礁生态系统数据相结合,构建生态数据挖掘平台,为预测珊瑚礁的生长趋势提供决策支持.针对海洋数据多源性、多态性和多样性的特点,提出改进的数据挖掘平台,并详细论述了数据源层、ETL工具层和数据仓库的结构和功能.     

投加聚氨酯泡沫微生物固定化载体的SBBR脱氮除磷实验研究

研究投加聚氨酯泡沫微生物固定化载体的SBBR脱氮除磷效果及机理.在SBR中填充聚氨酯泡沫微生物固定化载体,形成序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR).SBBR以实际生活污水为处理对象,在A/O运行工况下对微生物进行培养驯化,并在SBBR运行稳定时研究其脱氮除磷效果.研究结果表明,SBBR中的聚氨酯泡沫微生物固定化载体在空间上形...     

膜生物反应器处理微污染水源水的研究与应用现状

膜生物反应器及其组合工艺能实现水源水中微污染物的有效去除,是一种新型高效水处理工艺.总结了膜生物反应器处理微污染水源水的研究与应用现状、污染物去除效果和机制;在分析膜污染机制基础上归纳了膜污染控制和污染膜清洗方式,展望了膜生物反应器在给水领域应用需克服解决的技术难点.