Environmental fate of tetracycline resistance genes originating from swine feedlots in river water

Tetracyclines are antibiotics commonly used in swine farms to treat disease and promote growth. However, there are growing concerns regarding the discharge of animal feces into the environment owing to the potential for development and dissemination of tetracycline resistance genes (TRGs). In this study, farming wastewater from one Chinese swine farm as well as river water from seven locations downstream of the farm was sampled. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed that 12 TRGs, including six efflux pump genes (tet(B), tet(C), tet(D), tet(E), tet(G) and tet(L)), five ribosomal protection proteins (RPPs) genes (tet(O), tet(M), tet(Q), tet(W) and tet(S)), and one enzymatic modification gene (tet(X)), were present in all wastewater and river water samples. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) showed that the abundance of tet(C), tet(X), tet(O), tet(M), tet(Q) and tet(W) decreased with downstream flow. Among the detected TRGs, tet(C) had the highest abundance, ranging from 459.5 copies/16S rRNA gene copies in wastewater to 33.8 copies/16S rRNA gene copies in river water samples collected from the last location. Furthermore, pig-specific Bacteroidales 16S rRNA genetic marker was quantified by qPCR to determine the level of fecal pollution in the river water. Bivariate correlation analysis confirmed that the total relative abundance of the six TRGs was significantly correlated with the level of swine feces in the aquatic environment (R² = 0.63, P < 0.05), suggesting that swine feces mainly contributed to the spread of TRGs in the river water.

Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A to view the free supplemental file.     

不同地质成熟度家用燃煤燃烧颗粒物及多环芳烃的排放特征

选取了7种不同成熟度的原煤,模拟煤炭家用取暖燃烧过程,基于稀释通道采样方法,测定了PM_2.5、有机碳（OC）、元素碳（EC）和多环芳烃（PAHs）的排放因子（Emission factors,EFs）,分析了原煤自身特征参数与污染物排放因子的关系,并计算了原煤排放PAHs的特征比值.结果表明,地质成熟度高的无烟煤燃烧PM_2.5、OC、EC和PAHs的排放因子最低,分别为（0.28±0.07）、（0.07±0.04）、（0.003±0）g·kg^-1和（1.15±0.84）mg·kg^-1.随着地质成熟度的降低,PM_2.5、OC、EC和PAHs的排放因子呈波动上升的趋势,具有中等地质成熟度（挥发分为28.08%）的烟煤PM_2.5、OC和PAHs的排放因子最高,分别为（5.17±0.33）、（2.50±0.93）g·kg^-1、（240.39±180.55）mg·kg^-1,比地质成熟度高的无烟煤高出1～2个数量级.相关关系...     

Nonylphenol photodegradation by novel ternary MIL-100（Fe）/ZnFe2O4/PCN composite under visible light irradiation via double charge transfer process

Nonylphenol（NP） residues, as a typical endocrine disrupting chemical（EDC）, frequently exist in sewage, surface water, groundwater and even drinking water, which poses a serious threat to human health due to its bioaccumulation. In order to remove NP, a series of MIL-100（Fe）/Zn Fe₂O₄/flake-like porous carbon nitride（MIL/ZC） was synthesized through in-situ synthesis at room temperature. High performance of ternary MIL/ZC is used to degrade NP under visible light irradiation. ...     

吹脱-捕集气相色谱法测定底质中易挥发性有机物

研究并建立了利用吹脱－捕集气相色谱法测定底质中易挥发性有机物的分析方法。该方法对底质中２５种易挥发性有机物进行测定。方法回收率在９６％－１０５％,最低检出浓度在０．３－１４．５μｇ／ｋｇ,变异系数在２．７％－５．３％。     

CuO-modified activated carbon for the improvement of toluene removal in air

We used an impregnation method to prepare CuO/AC(activated carbon) composite materials of different CuO content and characterized them via scanning electron microscope(SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller(BET), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR).The effect of CuO content on toluene adsorption/desorption was evaluated.We explored the reusability of AC and AC03(CuO modified AC with CuO loading 0.3 wt.%) adsorbents via toluene adsorption/desorption cycle testing.We used quasi-firstand quasi-second-order models, the Bangham model, and the Weber–Morris model to fit the toluene adsorption data.The introduction of CuO species evidently improved the adsorption performance of activated carbon toward toluene.The CuO content markedly affected the specific surface area, CuO dispersal, the numbers of oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface, and adsorption performance of the prepared composite adsorbents.Low CuO content was not favorable for the formation of active adsorption sites,while high content greatly reduced the specific surface area, and even covered active adsorption sites.The toluene adsorption performance varied in the order AC03 AC02 AC05 AC08 AC01(AC03, AC02, AC05, AC08 and AC01 are CuO modifying AC with CuO loading 0.3, 0.2, 0.5 0.8 and 0.1 wt.%, respectively).The breakthrough time and toluene adsorption capacity of the AC03 composite adsorbent were 94 min and 701.8 mg/g,respectively, and the recycling efficiency was 92.8% after thermal desorption at 200°C.The adsorption process was best described by the Bangham model and adsorption could be divided into three stages.     

基于多卫星遥感的东北地区霾污染时空特征研究

利用多卫星(MODIS、CALIPSO、VIIRS)观测的气溶胶产品、地面空气质量监测数据和气象资料,获取了东北地区2006—2015年期间气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)的季节和年际变化特征,并对2014年10月14日东北地区一次典型重霾污染过程的特征及其潜在传输路径进行了深入讨论.研究结果显示,自2008年起东北地区灰霾污染范围扩大且污染程度加剧,呈带状空间分布(营口-长春-哈尔滨);区域内AOD值呈春、秋和冬季高,夏季低的时间变化特征.采用CALIPSO星载激光雷达数据与MODIS、VIIRS卫星获取的AOD开展综合分析,可有效弥补MODIS、VIIRS卫星因冬季积雪亮地表干扰所产生的AOD缺省区域,增强对长期积雪覆盖地区霾污染的时空特征分析能力.与反映霾污染空间分布范围更广的VIIRS卫星相比,MODIS卫星AOD值与东北地区地面观测获取的AQI、PM10和PM2.5相关系数更高,分别为0.89、0.73和0.83.进一步研究结果显示,秋末冬初东北地区的霾污染事件与农作物秸秆焚烧有关,同时,华北地区灰霾污染可跨越渤海湾传输至东北地区,进一步形成更大尺度的带状区域污染.     

沸石粉和硝化抑制剂投加对污泥堆肥过程中氮素保存和温室气体排放的影响

沸石粉能够通过对氨氮的物理吸附作用,降低堆肥过程中的氮素损失;硝化抑制剂(如3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐,DMPP)能够抑制氨氧化细菌的活性,阻止硝化反应中铵态氮向硝态氮的转化,从而从源头减少反硝化作用而造成的氧化亚氮温室气体的排放.目前国内针对沸石粉和硝化抑制剂(DMPP)作为添加剂对污泥堆肥过程中的保氮作用研究较少,其是否能够实现污泥堆肥过程中温室气体减排也值得深入探讨.本研究以脱水污泥作为研究对象,以蘑菇渣为辅料,设置空白对照、沸石粉和硝化抑制剂(DMPP)添加组,进行21 d的堆肥试验,研究沸石粉和DMPP的添加对污泥堆肥过程的氮素损失和温室气体排放的影响.结果表明,1%的沸石粉添加(湿重)不仅可以减少5%的温室气体排放,而且能够减少2.9%的总氮损失;而DMPP的添加虽然可以减少N_2O的排放,但会显著增加CH_4及NH_3的排放,从而导致温室气体排放和氮素损失的增加.     

西藏羊卓雍错沉积物沉积速率的测定

利用~(210)Pb和~(137)Cs测定了西藏羊卓雍错湖泊沉积物的沉积速率。结果表明,羊卓雍错湖心和北部湖区沉积柱中的~(137)Cs都只有一个蓄积峰。假定对应的时标为1963年,据此得出的沉积物累积率分别为0. 014 5 g/(cm~2·a)和0. 025 2g/(cm~2·a),对应的年均沉积速率分别为0. 041 cm/a和0. 068 cm/a;而~(210)Pb的结果显示,羊卓雍错湖心和北部湖区的沉积物累积率分别为0. 014 6 g/(cm~2·a)和0. 014 7 g/(cm~2·a),对应的年均沉积速率分别为0. 040 cm/a和0. 041 cm/a。~(210)Pb和~(137)Cs的定年结果在北部湖区的定年结果差别较大,很可能是由于湖水在北部湖区的渗漏,导致沉积物中Cs的纵向迁移造成的。     

再生有机膨润土环境修复材料的制备及其在城市污水处理中应用

采用改性剂对再生膨润土环境修复材料进行有机改性制备。研究了其对乌鲁木齐东郊污水处理厂城市污水的吸附作用和影响因素。结果表明：在浆液浓度30％．改性剂7mmol／100g。温度60℃，反应时间80min时，是有机改性的最优条件。该材料对城市污水COD表现出良好的吸附性能，在pH=6、吸附剂用量6g／L、温度25℃、振荡时间20min条件下，污水中COD去除率可达到80．08％。     

中央空调净化系统的改进措施

介绍了室内空气净化技术及其特点。针对中央空调系统的特点，提出了将活性炭吸附技术、TiO2光催化技术与静电除尘技术结合的静电活性炭-TiO2光催化复合技术，这一组合技术可能成为今后空调系统空气净化系统重要的改进措施。