Emission of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs from metallurgy industries in S. Korea

The metallurgy industry and municipal waste incinerators are considered the main sources of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in many countries. This study investigated the emission factors and total emissions of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) emitted from metallurgy industries (including ferrous and nonferrous foundries) in Korea. The toxic equivalency (TEQ) emission factor of PCDD/Fs was the highest for secondary copper production, at 24451 ng I-TEQ/ton. The total estimated emissions of PCDD/Fs from these sources were 35.259 g I-TEQ/yr, comprising 0.088 g I-TEQ/yr from ferrous foundries, 31.713 g I-TEQ/yr from copper production, 1.716 g I-TEQ/yr from lead production, 0.111 g I-TEQ/yr from zinc production, and 1.631 g I-TEQ/yr from aluminum production. The total estimated annual amounts of dioxin-like PCBs emitted from these sources were 13.260 g WHO-TEQ/yr, comprising 0.014 g WHO-TEQ/yr from ferrous foundries, 12.675 g WHO-TEQ/yr from copper production, 0.170 g WHO-TEQ/yr from lead production, 0.017 g WHO-TEQ/yr from zinc production, and 0.384 g WHO-TEQ/yr from aluminum production. The highest emission factor was found for secondary copper smelting, at 9770 ng WHO-TEQ/ton.     

Occurrence and volatility of several trace elements in pulverized coal boiler

The contents of eight trace elements(Mn, Cr, Pb, As, Se, Zn, Cd, Hg) in raw coal, bottom ash and fly ash were measured in a 220 t/h pulverized coal boiler. Factors affecting distribution of trace elements were investigated, including fly ash diameter, furnace temperature, oxygen content and trace elements‘ characters. One coefficient of Meij was also improved to more directly show element enrichment in combustion products. These elements may be classified into three groups according to their distribution: Group 1. Hg, which is very volatile. Group 2: Pb, Zn, Cd, which are partially volatile. Group 3: Mn, which is hardly volatile. Se may be located between groups 1 and 2. Cr has properties of both group ! and 3. In addition, the smaller diameter of fly ash, the more relative enrichment of trace elements (except Mn). The fly ash showed different adsorption mechanisms of trace elements and the volatilization of trace elements rises with furnace temperature. Relative enrichments of trace elements(except Mn and Cr) in fly ash are larger than that in bottom ash. Low oxygen content can not always improve the volatilization of trace elements. Pb is easier to form chloride than Cd during coal combustion. Trace elements should be classified in accordance with factors.     

Progress in quantitative research on the relationship between atmospheric oxidation and air quality

Atmospheric oxidizing capacity (AOC) is an essential driving force of troposphere chemistry and self-cleaning, but the definition of AOC and its quantitative representation remain uncertain. Driven by national demand for air pollution control in recent years, Chinese scholars have carried out studies on theories of atmospheric chemistry and have made considerable progress in AOC research. This paper will give a brief review of these developments. First, AOC indexes were established that represent apparent atmospheric oxidizing ability (AOIe) and potential atmospheric oxidizing ability (AOIp) based on aspects of macrothermodynamics and microdynamics, respectively. A closed study refined the quantitative contributions of heterogeneous chemistry to AOC in Beijing, and these AOC methods were further applied in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and key areas across the country. In addition, the detection of ground or vertical profiles for atmospheric OH·, HO₂·, NO₃· radicals and reservoir molecules can now be obtained with domestic instruments in diverse environments. Moreover, laboratory smoke chamber simulations revealed heterogeneous processes involving reactions of O₃ and NO₂, which are typical oxidants in the surface/interface atmosphere, and the evolutionary and budgetary implications of atmospheric oxidants reacting under multispecies, multiphase and multi-interface conditions were obtained. Finally, based on the GRAPES-CUACE adjoint model improved by Chinese scholars, simulations of key substances affecting atmospheric oxidation and secondary organic and inorganic aerosol formation have been optimized. Normalized numerical simulations of AOIe and AOIp were performed, and regional coordination of AOC was adjusted. An optimized plan for controlling O₃ and PM_2.5 was analyzed by scenario simulation.     

偏最小二乘回归方法在土地利用结构研究中的应用

针对当前LUCC研究中存在的数据间多重相关性和样本量不足的问题,论文将一种新型的多元统计数据分析方法---偏最小二乘回归引入到研究中。该方法可以有效地克服上述缺陷,并能实现多种数据分析方法的综合应用。为检验方法的功能及实用性,论文以苏锡常地区为例,对区域的土地利用结构及其影响因子进行了定量分析。结果表明,偏最小二乘回归是进行土地利用结构研究的一种十分有效的工具,在地学领域有广阔的应用前景。     

洹河底泥中有机污染物调查与分析

介绍了GC/MS联用仪对河流底泥中微量有机污染物进行定性、定量分析的实验方法,探讨了底泥与地表水中有机物种类和含量间的关系。     

Deriving freshwater quality criteria of sulphocyanic sodium for the protection of aquatic life in China

ＤｅｒｉｖｉｎｇｆｒｅｓｈｗａｔｅｒｑｕａｌｉｔｙｃｒｉｔｅｒｉａｏｆｓｕｌｐｈｏｃｙａｎｉｃｓｏｄｉｕｍｆｏｒｔｈｅｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎｏｆａｑｕａｔｉｃｌｉｆｅｉｎＣｈｉｎａＺｈａｎｇＴｏｎｇＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＥ...     

2000年北京大气中SO2浓度削减50%的健康效益—人力资本法实例研究

人力资本法是评估环境污染健康损害价值（或治理污染的健康效益）的常用方法，但在发达国家，它逐渐被隐含价格法等所取代。本文通过实例研究，探讨了人力资本法在我国目前的适用性，研究结果表明，当使用流行病学关于疾病负担的计量方法（ＹＰＬＬ）时，人力资本法在我国有很大的适用性。     

免烧免蒸粉煤灰砖的研究

本文讨论了免烧免蒸粉煤灰砖的生产原理，制造技术。试验结果表明利用化学复合外加剂能够成功地生产出免烧免蒸粉煤从砖，且产品质量达到红砖１００号的标准。文中还分析了生产粉煤灰砖的经济效益和社会效益。     

基于小波分解及遗传BPNN耦合模型的地表水As浓度预测研究

随着工业的快速发展,水体中污染物超标事件时有发生,造成了较严重的水环境污染问题.水环境监测与预报是环境科学研究的重要内容.为了实现地表水砷(As)污染的准确预报,本研究提出小波分解、遗传算法与BP人工神经网络的耦合建模方法,并结合某河流监测站1998-2016年共19年的地表水质监测数据,通过皮尔逊相关系数和信息指标评...     

天津城区夏冬季典型污染过程中BTEX变化特征及其健康风险评估

利用GC955在线气相色谱仪分别于2019年7月和2020年1月在天津市区开展苯系物(BTEX,包括苯、甲苯、乙苯、间/对-二甲苯和邻-二甲苯)实时在线观测,对典型污染过程中BTEX的浓度水平、组成及演化机制进行了研究,并运用特征物种比值法对BTEX的来源进行了定性分析,最后运用US EPA的人体暴露分析评价方法对BTEX健康风险进行评估.结果表明,臭氧和霾污染过程中BTEX体积分数平均值分别为1.32×10^-9和4.83×10^-9,其中苯的体积分数占比最大,其次是甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯占比最小.2020年1月BTEX体积分数很大程度上受到西南方向短距离传输的影响,而在2019年7月BTEX浓度受到本地排放的影响.BTEX浓度水平在2019年7月受到温度和相对湿度的共同影响,而在2020年1月当温度较低时BTEX浓度对相对湿度的变化更敏感.天津市区BTEX在霾污染过程中受生物质燃烧/化石燃料燃烧/燃煤排放的影响较大,而在臭氧污染过程中除了受到燃烧排放源影响,交通源排放在很大程度上也有影响.臭氧污染和霾污染过程中BTEX的HI分别为0.072和0....