Analysis and improving ways for water condition in winter wheat field of dryland in subhumid areas of the loess plateau

Based on the soil moisture data from the locating experiments from 1986-1990, and using the water balance method, the water supply and demand state in the field of winter wheat, and the ways for improving water condition in dryland of subhumid by dry area of the Loess Plateau were studied. The results suggested that a low precipitation satisfying ratio of 42.9%-58.8% appears in the growing period of winter wheat, and the yield, to a great extent depends on the water that was stored in deep soil layer in the previous rainy season. The filed trial results showed that tillage in the summer fallow period,straw cover, soil moisture regulation with adequate fertilization, crop rotation and proper croppingsystem could be the efficient ways for improving the water condition,and for the exploitation and utilization of natural water resources(both precipitation and soil water) in the winter wheat field of dryland.     

Decomplexation of Cu-1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid by a three-dimensional electrolysis system with activated biochar as particle electrodes

The feasibility of decomplexation removal of typical contaminants in electroplating wastewater, complexed Cu(II) with 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid (Cu-HEDP), was first performed by a three-dimensional electric reactor with activated biochar as particle electrodes. For the case of 50 mg/L Cu-HEDP, Cu(II) removal (90.7%) and PO initial pH 7, acid-treated almond shell biochar (AASB) addition 20 g/L, and reaction time 180 min, with second-order rate constants of 1.10 × 10⁻³ and 1.94 × 10⁻⁵ min⁻¹respectively. The growing chelating effect between Cu(II) and HEDP and the comprehensive actions of adsorptive accumulation, direct and indirect oxidation given by particle electrodes accounted for the enhanced removal of Cu-HEDP, even though the mineralization of HEDP was mainly dependent on anode oxidation. The performance attenuation of AASB particle electrodes was ascribed to the excessive consumption of oxygen-containing functionalities during the reaction, especially acidic carboxylic groups and quinones on particle electrodes, which decreased from 446.74 to 291.48 µmol/g, and 377.55 to 247.71 µmol/g, respectively. Based on the determination of adsorption behavior and indirect electrochemical oxidation mediated by in situ electrogenerated H₂O₂ and reactive oxygen species (e.g., •OH), a possible removal mechanism of Cu-HEDP by three-dimensional electrolysis was further proposed.     

泸沽湖特有水生生物的保护初探

泸沽湖有水生生物 133种。本文对其种群结构、数量作了调查 ,分析了特有种水生生物结构变化原因是不合理利用 ,应通过管理措施和工程措施保护特有水生生物     

约束求解的数据模型及算法

此文针对参数化造型系统中约束方程组的求解问题,深入分析了匹配求解的核心思想,提出了一种简单实用的约束网络建模方法,并且围绕该数据模型介绍了与其相关的算法.     

降低油品储运损耗 改善大气环境

从石油开采到成品油进入清费的过程中，损耗量约占原油量的3％－5％，其中储运过程中的损耗占总耗的40％－50％，着重论述了油品储运过程中降低损耗的措施，以减少经济损失和对环境的破坏。     

宿迁3次突发性空气重污染过程对比分析

利用空气质量资料、常规观测资料、NCEP1.0°×1.0°再分析资料，应用数理统计、天气学等方法对宿迁市3次突发性重污染天气进行对比分析.结果表明：①宿迁"突发"空气重污染时，AQI级别由前一日的一、二级至第2日转为五级以上，AQI值迅速上升.②3次空气重污染过程天气背景相似，高层为宽广平直的偏西气流，地面受高压控制，中低层风向和温度平流突然转变，且都有深厚的逆温层结；持续变化较小的气压梯度、较低风速、温度日较差及相对湿度的增大（150328过程（即2015年3月28日—4月1日污染过程）除外）为颗粒物浓度迅速增长提供了条件.③大气稳定度级别迅速变高和混合层高度迅速降低并维持，对污染物快速聚集有显著影响.④物理量诊断表明，污染发生前期上空为弱上升运动，随后迅速转为下沉运动，或气流下沉运动区域迅速扩大、升高，是空气质量迅速转差的重要动力因素.⑤内蒙古地区的沙尘远距离输送形成的污染，是造成150328过程与另外两次过程明显不同的主要原因.     

新型环境材料提铯离子筛的研制

合成六种有离子交换性能的焦磷杂多酸盐 ,其中焦磷钼酸锆在 3M硝酸介质中有较高的化学稳定性和铯离子交换容量。经正交实验确定了合成焦磷钼酸锆的最佳工艺条件。以焦磷钼酸锆为基体 ,通过特殊的化学制筛手段 ,制成了对铯离子有高效选择性、抗强酸的提铯离子筛 ,可适用于直接从高放废液中提取铯。     

乙醇环己烷废液的回收

以水为萃取剂，萃取分离乙醇和环己烷，得到乙醇水溶液和粗环己烷。粗环己煊经精馏提纯，得到纯度为９９．９１％的纯品；乙醇水溶液经分馏，ＣａＯ脱水后得无水乙醇，纯度达９９．７４％。     

中美环境行政听证程序的比较

环境进政听证是促进环境行政主管部门公正行使权力、保护环境行政管理相对人合法权利的法定程序。比较中美环境行政听政程序在沿革，体系，具体内容，适用范围等方面的特点，探讨完善中国环境行政听证的途径。     

煤中有害元素的研究现状及其对环境保护的意义

本文给出了煤中有害微量元素的定义，即煤中含量小于１．０％的有毒元素，致癌元素，腐蚀性元素，放射性元素以及其它对环境有害的元素等。根据我国环保要求，提出当前应重视的有害元素，共２２种。作者还讨论了煤中有害微量元素对对环境的危害以及国内外对煤中微量元素的研究现状和存在的问题。