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81.
微波再生载苯酚活性炭过程中再生产物分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了载氮气和无载气2种条件下,微波再生载苯酚活性炭过程中再生产物的成分和苯酚随再生过程的去向分布。结果表明,无载气时,微波功率越高,再生反应器内温度越高,吸附质的高温裂解反应越彻底,再生产物以挥发性气体为主,有机质种类很少;而当微波功率较低或载氮气再生时,反应器内温度相对较低,苯酚难以被彻底分解,再生产物中含多种复杂的链状或环状有机物。此外,载氮气时,经气提、挥发而去除的苯酚量约占总吸附量的一半,再生炭上无苯酚残留,活性炭吸附性能可完全恢复乃至优化;无载气时,经挥发而去除的苯酚量只有19.9%,其余大量苯酚则在微波作用下裂解或缩合为其他物质随尾气而去除,且再生炭上仍有少量苯酚未被解吸出来。因此,前者活性炭再生的效果优于后者。 相似文献
82.
Fenton法处理垃圾渗滤液MBR-NF浓缩液 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用Fenton法处理MBR-NF浓缩液,考察了FeSO4·7H2O投加量、n(H2O2)/n(Fe2+)投加比、初始pH对渗滤液MBR-NF浓缩液处理效果的影响,并在最佳实验条件下,探讨浓缩液富里酸(FA)、亲水性有机物(HyI)组分在Fenton氧化前后组成的变化。研究结果表明,在FeSO4·7H2O投加量为0.055 mol/L、n(H2O2)/n(Fe2+)投加比为4、初始pH为7.58时,对COD、腐植酸(UV254)、色度(CN)的去除率分别为79.6%、93.7%和97.8%。Fenton氧化后,浓缩液中有机物组分含量发生了较大变化,腐植酸含量下降,HyI成为渗滤液溶解性有机物主要成分。紫外-可见光谱表明,Fenton法对FA去除效果较好,而对HyI氧化效果较差;傅立叶红外光谱显示,经Fenton氧化后,FA的结构发生了明显变化,而HyI则变化不明显。 相似文献
83.
Kwang Victor Lo Ping Huang Liao 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(2):237-240
A full-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system was evaluated for its ability to remove carbon and nitrogen from swine wastewater. The SBR was operated on four, six-hour cycles each day, with each cycle consisting of 4.5 hours of “React,” 0.75 hours of “Settling”, 0.75 hours for “Draw” and “Fill.” Within each cycle, an amount of wastewater equivalent to about 5% of the reactor volume (5,500 litres) was removed and added. The SBR system was able to remove 82% of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and more than 75% of nitrogen. Even though the SBR effluent, with an average effluent BOD5 of about 588 mg L? 1, did not meet the discharge criteria, it enabled a reduction of the land base required for land application of swine wastewater by about 75%. Results indicated that the SBR system was a viable method for the treatment of swine wastewater. 相似文献
84.
Influences of adding easily degradable organic waste on the minimization and humification of organic matter during straw composting 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Yi N. Shan Jin H. Chen Lei Wang Fan Li Xiao H. Fu Yi Q. Le 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5):384-392
To find a better composting process with low greenhouse gas emission and high humus production, the effect of adding kitchen waste on reduction and humification of organic matter during straw composting was studied. Three processes were compared, consisting of different ratios of straw and kitchen waste (1:2, 1:1, and 2:1). At four time points over a 62-d incubation, the reduction and humification of compost was evaluated by measuring the total mass, carbon content, and humic material content of the compost. Treatment 1 (straw/kitchen waste ratio of 1:2) reduced the total mass of compost the most. Treatment 2 (straw/kitchen waste ratio of 1:1) reduced the total carbon content the most, reflecting the highest emission of greenhouse gas. Treatment 3 produced the most humic acid material and released the lowest amount of carbon. Hence, from the point of view of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing stable organic matter such as humus and humic acid during composting, treatment #3 was optimal. The three treatments resulted in significant differences in microbial biomass and enzyme activity during composting. The highest amount of active microbial biomass was associated with the largest reduction in compost mass (treatment 1). Higher proportions of straw (treatments 2 and 3), which contains more lignin, were associated with greater β-glycosidase activity, which may generate more humus that can improve soil quality. Dehydrogenase activity seemed to be the most important microbial factor in organic carbon catabolism or humification. 相似文献
85.
Properties of Pyrolytic Chars and Activated Carbons Derived from Pilot-Scale Pyrolysis of Used Tires
S.-Q. Li Q. Yao S.-E. Wen Y. Chi J.-H. Yan 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(9):1315-1326
Abstract Used tires were pyrolyzed in a pilot-scale quasi-inert rotary kiln. Influences of variables, such as time, temperature, and agent flow, on the activation of obtained char were subsequently investigated in a laboratory-scale fixed bed. Meso-porous pores are found to be dominant in the pore structures of raw char. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surfaces of activated chars increased linearly with carbon burnoff. The carbon burnoff of tire char achieved by carbon dioxide (CO2) under otherwise identical conditions was on average 75% of that achieved by steam, but their BET surfaces are almost the same. The proper activation greatly improved the aqueous adsorption of raw char, especially for small molecular adsorbates, for example, phenol from 6 to 51 mg/g. With increasing burnoff, phenol adsorption exhibited a first-stage linear increase followed by a rapid drop after 30% burnoff. Similarly, iodine adsorption first increased linearly, but it held as the burnoff exceeded 40%, which implied that the reduction of iodine adsorption due to decreasing micro-pores was partially made up by increasing mesopores. Both raw chars and activated chars showed appreciable adsorption capacity of methylene-blue comparable with that of commercial carbons. Thus, tire-derived activated carbons can be used as an excellent mesoporous adsorbent for larger molecular species. 相似文献
86.
Cheng-Hsiung Huang 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(12):1858-1865
Abstract This investigation numerically examined the cutoff aerodynamic diameter (da50) and the sharpness (GSD) of the particle collection efficiency curve of impactors with a finite impaction plate diameter. Results revealed that the inertial impactors have a limited cutoff aerodynamic diameter at different air velocities. The extreme value of the cutoff aerodynamic diameter increases with the nozzle diameter (W)/the plate diameter (Dc). The computed da50/Dc values of the impactors increase with W/Dc at various Reynolds numbers (Re) and with the nozzle-toplate distance (S)/Dc when Re is 100. The value of GSD slightly increases with W/Dc for Re of 10 and 100, although the effect of S/Dc on GSD is not evident at various Res. The particle collection efficiency curve of the impactor with a lower Re is less sharp than that with a high Re at various W/Dc and S/Dc values. Statistical equations closely fitted the obtained numerical results for Res of 10–3000. The equations are useful for directly calculating the cutoff aerodynamic diameter and the sharpness of the particle collection efficiency curve for single round-nozzle impactors with a finite impaction Dc. 相似文献
87.
88.
Triclosan is used as an antibacterial agent in household items and personal care products. Since this compound is found in maternal milk of humans and bodies of wild animals, there is growing concern among some consumer groups and scientific community that triclosan is adverse for humans and wild animals. In order to estimate adverse actions of triclosan, the effects of triclosan on intracellular Zn2+ concentration and cellular thiol content were studied in rat thymocytes by the use of flow cytometer with appropriate fluorescent probes. Triclosan at 1-3 μM (sublethal concentrations) increased the intensity of FluoZin-3 fluorescence (intracellular Zn2+ concentration) and decreased the intensity of 5-chloromethylfluorescein (5-CMF) fluorescence (cellular thiol content). Negative correlation (r = −0.985) between triclosan-induced changes in FluoZin-3 and 5-CMF fluorescences was found. Removal of external Zn2+ did not significantly affect the triclosan-induced augmentation of FluoZin-3 fluorescence, suggesting an intracellular Zn2+ release by triclosan. These actions of triclosan were similar to those of H2O2 and triclosan significantly potentiated the cytotoxicity of H2O2. Therefore, the results may suggest that triclosan at sublethal concentrations induces oxidative stress that decreases cellular thiol content, resulting in an increase in intracellular Zn2+ concentration by Zn2+ release from intracellular store(s). Since recent studies show many physiological roles of intracellular Zn2+ in cellular functions, the triclosan-induced disturbance of cellular Zn2+ homeostasis may induce adverse actions on the cells. 相似文献
89.
We collected three ornithogenic coral sand sedimentary profiles from Jinyin Island, Jinqing Island and Guangjin Island of Yongle archipelago, South China Sea and reconstructed the deposition flux of anthropogenic Hg over the past 700 years in the study area. On the whole, the anthropogenic Hg flux is relatively low; it remained at a low level before the Industrial Revolution with a small peak at about 1450-1550 AD, which may record the enhanced metallurgy activity in Ming Dynasty of China. During the 20th century, the deposition flux of anthropogenic Hg increased rapidly, but two troughs occurred during the periods around 1940s and 1970s, corresponding to the economic depression caused by World War II, Civil War in China (1945-1949), and the Culture Revolution (1966-1976) in China. Since the 1970s the deposition flux of anthropogenic Hg has been persistently increasing, apparently the result of fast economic development in East and Southeast Asia countries around South China Sea. 相似文献
90.
Solvent-based separation method is presumably an efficient and environmentally beneficial approach for elimination of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). The overall goal of this study was to evaluate possible effects of organic solvent on the behavior of BFRs during solvent-based processing of WEEE. We initiated a set of batch experiments for examining the rates and possible pathways of transformation of a representative BFR (tetrabromobisphenol A, TBBPA) using acetone, toluene, and methanol as the solvents. Our results showed that toluene and methanol had no effect on the transformation of TBBPA, but approximately 20% of TBBPA (100 mg L−1) was transformed by acetone within 2 h at 50 °C. Analysis of the products with GC-MS showed that two high-molecular-weight products (MW = 586) were major products of the transformation reactions. The role of acetone as a reactant in the transformation of TBBPA was further validated with dueterated acetone. In addition, the effects of co-existing metals in WEEE (i.e., Zn, Cu, and Ni) on the transformation of TBBPA in the solvent systems were investigated. These metals tested were found to greatly enhance the rates of TBBPA transformation. The metal facilitated solvent reactions with TBBPA may lower the extractability of TBBPA by formation of larger and less soluble products, hence potentially increasing the cost for separating the chemical from WEEE. 相似文献