Differences in rheological and fractal properties of conditioned and raw sewage sludge

Rheological tests for raw and conditioned activated sludge(AS) or anaerobic digested sludge(ADS) show that power-law relationships can be used to describe the evolution of several rheological parameters,i.e.,limiting viscosity(η∞),yield stress(τy),cohesion energy of the sludge network(Ec),and storage modulus(G’),with total suspended solid(TSS) content in raw and conditioned sludge.A gel-like structure that behaves similar to weak-link flocs/aggregates was observed in AS and ADS.As derived from the double-logarithmic plots of G’-TSS content,the mass fractal dimensions of the raw and conditioned AS or ADS flocs/aggregates were 2.70 and 2.53 or 2.85 and 2.79,respectively.The rheological tests also indicate that both polymer conditioning and increased TSS content led to improved elastic behavior,cohesion energy,and yield stress of the sludge network,as well as expanded the corresponding linear viscoelastic range.The porosity of AS or ADS flocs/aggregates will be improved by polymer conditioning.     

Soil microbial community structure and function responses to successive planting of Eucalyptus

Many studies have shown soil degradation after the conversion of native forests to exotic Eucalyptus plantations. However, few studies have investigated the long-term impacts of short-rotation forestry practices on soil microorganisms. The impacts of Eucalyptus successive rotations on soil microbial communities were evaluated by comparing phospholipid fatty acid （PLFA） abundances, compositions, and enzyme activities of native Pinus massoniana plantations and adjacent 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th generation Eucalyptus plantations. The conversion from P. massoniana to Eucalyptus plantations significantly decreased soil microbial community size and enzyme activities, and increased microbial physiological stress. However, the PLFA abundances formed ＂U＂ shaped quadratic functions with Eucalyptus plantation age. Alternatively, physiological stress biomarkers, the ratios of monounsaturated to saturated fatty acid and Gram＋ to Gram- bacteria, formed ＂∩＂ shaped quadratic functions, and the ratio of cy17：0 to 16： 1ω7c decreased with plantation age. The activities of phenol oxidase, peroxidase, and acid phosphatase increased with Eucalyptus plantation age, while the cellobiobydrolase activity formed ＂U＂ shaped quadratic functions. Soil N：P, alkaline hydrolytic nitrogen, soil organic carbon, and understory cover largely explained the variation in PLFA profiles while soil N：P, alkaline hydrolytic nitrogen, and understory cover explained most of the variability in enzyme activity. In conclusion, soil microbial structure and function under Eucalyptus plantations were strongly impacted by plantation age. Most of the changes could be explained by altered soil resource availability and understory cover associated with successive planting of Eucalyptus. Our results highlight the importance of plantation age for assessing the impacts of plantation conversion as well as the importance of reducing disturbance for plantation management.     

苯酚降解红球菌的分离鉴定及降解特性研究

采用富集培养的方法,从唐山污水处理厂附近的植物根际土中分离得到1株高效苯酚降解菌11-111。该菌株为革兰氏阳性菌,可以在以苯酚为唯一碳源和能源的无机盐培养基上生长,能够耐受最高浓度为2 000 mg/L的苯酚。对该菌株的降解性能研究表明,在温度24~32℃,pH值6.5~8.5,装液量≤20 mL(100 mL摇瓶)范围内,摇床转速为160 r/min,菌株对初始浓度500~1 500 mg/L的苯酚均能有效降解。根据该菌株的形态、生理生化特性和16S rRNA基因序列同源性分析结果,鉴定为红球菌属(Rhodococcus sp.)菌株。该菌株具有较强的环境适应能力和苯酚降解能力,有较高的研究价值及应用前景。     

不同类型湖泊沉积物中氮释放规律研究

通过对武汉市东湖子湖郭郑湖、庙湖以及南湖这3个不同类型的湖泊进行释氮模拟实验,结果表明:(1)在厌氧条件下,不同污染程度的湖泊中沉积物释氮作用均比较明显。为了抑制沉积物向上覆水释氮,控制湖泊富营养化,保持湖泊较高的溶解氧水平是必要的。(2)在厌氧条件下,高温对不同类型湖泊总氮和氨氮的释放均能起到促进作用。(3)沉积物与上覆水间污染物的浓度梯度越大,总氮和氨氮的释放速率与释氮量也越大,此时温度的影响不明显。(4)通过比较3类湖泊沉积物上覆水中总氮和氨氮两者的释放浓度可知,氨氮的释放贡献十分显著,因此控制氨氮的释放量对于控制湖泊氮释放量具有显著效果。     

污灌前后土壤理化性质变异规律的研究

以人工模拟湿地作为研究对象,利用氯苯、对氯甲苯2种废水对其进行污灌,经过一定的时间后对湿地土壤的理化性质进行研究并加以对比,总结出污灌后土壤理化性质的变异规律.研究表明:经过一段时间的污水处理,污水中的某些成分可能会影响一部分的土壤颗粒的结合状态,但并未改变土壤质地的类别;实验用来污灌的污水中不合有一般综合性污水中所含有的钠盐、镁盐等,同时又存在着土壤的淋溶作用,使得污灌前后土壤中的水溶性盐的含量是减少的;污水处理前后土壤的pH值是先减小再增大的,但均属于弱碱性;土壤含水率的变化正好与pH值的变化特征相反,呈现出先增大再减小的趋势.只是2组平行实验的增大或减小的幅度不一致.     

生态适宜度评价在曹山现代农业示范区环评中的应用

本文结合曹山农业示范区环境影响评价工作,将土地利用生态适宜度评价方法应用于农业示范区环境影响评价,以曹山农业示范区为研究区域,建立农业用地、观光农业建设用地生态适宜度评价指标体系及评价模型,并采用GIS技术,进行综合的定量分析,为农业示范区的规划和管理提供准确、可靠的决策依据.     

某城市生活垃圾填埋场周边大气环境影响趋势实例研究

针对生活垃圾填埋场的主要恶臭污染物NH3、H2S、臭气浓度,以某城市生活垃圾填埋场为例,采用该填埋场自筹建至今近十年的历史监测数据进行统计分析,给出垃圾填埋场随填埋年龄增长对周边大气环境的影响趋势.     

基于ArcGIS的川气东送管道地质灾害空间信息管理与风险评价系统设计与实现

通过对川气东送管道地质灾害特征进行调查,基于ArcGIS进行了川气东送输气管道(川渝—鄂西段)地质灾害空间信息管理与评价系统的设计.该系统基于.NET平台,采用C#+ArcGIS Server的开发模式,并基于B/S的WebGIS的服务和方法,可实现管道及其周边地质灾害空间信息的快速查询、图形显示、分析统计、风险评价等功能,将有助于对管道沿线地质灾害进行管理、抢险维修决策及预警指挥工作,也有助于地质灾害信息的发布和交流.     

管道中湍流强度及湍流积分尺度随时间的变化研究

采用PIV技术对垂直方形管道内喷粉过程中气流产生的管道湍流实际强度进行了测量,得到喷粉过程中气流导致的管道湍流强度和湍流积分尺度随时间的变化曲线,进而对湍流积分尺度进行了试验测量和理论计算.结果表明:喷粉结束后湍流强度在水平方向上和垂直方向上随时间的变化都符合指数衰减规律;初始阶段湍流积分尺度随时间先快速增加,500 ms时(即喷粉结束的瞬间)达到最大值1.54 cm,此后湍流积分尺度随时间迅速衰减,800ms后仅为0.55 cm,且湍流积分尺度与湍流强度大小相关;湍流积分尺度理论计算值与试验实际测量值基本一致.该结果对定量分析湍流状态下粉尘燃烧爆炸试验具有重要的意义.     

基于Petri网的井喷事故应急响应系统动态过程建模

井喷事故是石油天然气勘探开发行业主要事故之一,它不仅可造成重大的财产损失,也可造成极其不良的环境破坏和社会影响。本文在对井喷事故应急响应系统组织机构的职责进行分析的基础上,建立了井喷事故应急响应系统的工作流程,并利用Petri网对该系统工作流程进行了动态过程建模,以为井喷事故应急响应系统的优化提供理论基础。