Microbial bioavailability of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in the sediments of Lake Shankou, Northeastern China

Dissolved organic nitrogen(DON)extracted from Lake Shankou sediments using KCl was isolated into hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractions.The bioavailabilities of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractions to three types of bacterial communities collected from sediments,activated sludge and compost products were examined.The DON recoveries obtained by DAX-8 and cation exchange resins treatment were 96.17% ± 1.58% and 98.14% ±0% for the samples obtained from N4 and N14 stations,respectively.After 25 days of incubation at 25°C,most DON(59% to 96%)was degraded.Hydrophilic DON exhibited a higher reduction rate than hydrophobic DON during the growth phase.Untreated wastewater from Changshuihe town was the main degradable DON source to station N4,and 93% of hydrophilic DON and 80% of hydrophobic DON were degraded.Station N14 received a large amount of refractory DON from forest soils and exhibited DON degradation rates of 82% and 71% for the hydrophilic and hydrophobic fractions,respectively.Amino acid contents and fluorescence intensities were also analyzed.Approximately 27% to 74% of amino acids were taken up by day 5,and their concentration gradually increased in the following days due to the decomposition of dissolved proteins.Parallel factor analysis resulted in identification of tryptophan-like proteins,tyrosine-like proteins and FA-like substances.During the growth phase,40%–51% of the tryptophan-like proteins were taken up by bacteria,and the accumulation of tyrosine-like proteins was attributed to the release of biotic substances.The concentration of the FA-like substances decreased due to microbial decomposition.     

Distribution and mode of occurrence of uranium in bottom ash derived from high-germanium coals

The radioactivity of uranium in radioactive coal bottom ash(CBA) may be a potential danger to the ambient environment and human health. Concerning the limited research on the distribution and mode of occurrence of uranium in CBA, we herein report our investigations into this topic using a number of techniques including a five-step Tessier sequential extraction, hydrogen fluoride(HF) leaching, Siroquant(Rietveld) quantification, magnetic separation, and electron probe microanalysis(EPMA). The Tessier sequential extraction showed that the uranium in the residual and Fe–Mn oxide fractions was dominant(59.1%and 34.9%, respectively). The former was mainly incorporated into aluminosilicates,retained with glass and cristobalite, whereas the latter was especially enriched in the magnetic fraction, of which about 50% was present with magnetite(Fe_3O_4) and the rest in other iron oxides. In addition, the uranium in the magnetic fraction was 2.6 times that in the non-magnetic fraction. The experimental findings in this work may be important for establishing an effective strategy to reduce radioactivity from CBA for the protection of our local environment.     

结冰条件下直升机飞行风险模糊综合评估

目的提高结冰条件下直升机的飞行安全,对飞行风险进行评估。方法基于模糊综合评估方法,综合考虑结冰气象条件、防/除冰系统状态和飞行员经验的影响,建立飞行风险评估方法。通过算例对建立的飞行风险评估方法进行了验证分析。结果基于结冰强度确定了飞行风险4级划分方法,利用层次分析法(AHP)确定各因素的权重,采用正态分布隶属函数建立评估矩阵,对权重集和评估矩阵进行加权平均运算,并对评估结果向量进行处理以给出最终的风险等级。结论该方法具有科学性和实用性。     

城市污水再生利用途径分析与利用量预测

水资源匮乏与水环境污染是制约经济社会发展的主要瓶颈,提高城市污水资源化水平是解决这一问题的重要途径。文章结合《城市污水再生利用分类标准》（GB／T18919-2002）,深入分析包头市城市污水处理与再生利用现状及存在问题,提出包头市再生水近期应主要回用于城市杂用、工业和景观用水,再生水回用率可达到50％以上,为解决城市污水再生利用提供参考。     

广东红海湾银杏齿喙鲸组织中HCH的残留水平与分布特征

为了解HCH在中国近岸海域哺乳动物体内的积累状况,本文用Agilent 6890 N型气相色谱仪、DB-1701型毛细管色谱柱和<'63>Ni放射源微电子捕获检测器,测定了中国广东红海湾银杏齿喙鲸(Mesoplodon ginkgodens)鲸体中∑HCH(α-HCH、β-HCH,γ-HCH和δ-HCH)的含量,并分析...     

2009年辽东湾北部海域Pb和Cd的时空分布特征及其污染风险评价

2009年4月、8月、11月和12月分别对辽东湾北部海域海水和沉积物中的重金属Pb和Cd进行取样分析,并对分析结果进行评价.结果表明,辽东湾北部海域海水中Pb的季节分布特征为:春季＞秋季＞冬季＞夏季,Cd含量随季节变化差别不大.Pb和Cd的空间分布特征总体为近岸高,离岸低,由近岸向离岸方向递减.辽东湾北部海域水体中Pb...     

西气东输管道工程子长地区黄土环剪试验研究

黄土滑坡是构成西气东输管道安全的重大威胁.本文以西气东输管道工程子长地区的斜坡黄土作为研究对象,通过室内试验研究了该黄土在大剪切位移条件下的力学特征,结果表明:黄土试样在剪切过程中表现出应变软化的特征,并且较快达到残余强度;随着剪切带逐渐形成,黄土试样应力状态发生了改变,其变形也呈现出一定的特征,表现为试样轴向位移经历...     

飞机蒙皮用含氟聚氨酯涂层老化原因分析

选用飞机蒙皮常用的含氟聚氨酯涂层体系为研究对象,结合飞机服役环境的主要特点,开展了实验室模拟加速老化试验研究,并利用电化学阻抗谱对老化试验后的涂层进行了表征.结果表明,紫外线仅对涂层的表面结构产生影响,紫外试验后的涂层电阻下降较慢.在紫外-盐雾循环试验中,紫外线引起涂层表面结构发生变化,涂层的耐水性变差,水更快地进入涂...     

不同植物对石油污染的耐受性研究

石油污染已成为世界各国普遍关注的环境问题,土壤中石油类污染物的植物修复因具有众多优势而被人们广泛关注,而耐受性强的修复植物的选择是研究的重点,因此,采用皿培的方法对几种待选植物种子进行培养,对其在不同浓度石油污染的土壤中的出芽率进行分析,并持续观察其植株的生长状况,评价植物在各个浓度石油污染土壤中的耐受性,结果可得:低浓度石油污染土壤(0.5%)对植物种子萌芽和植株生长均有一定的促进作用,中高浓度(1%~3%)石油污染土壤对种子萌芽和植株生长具有抑制作用,在受试五种植物中,红三叶种子的石油污染耐受性最强。     

城市污水处理厂化学除磷工艺精确控制技术研究进展

现今自动控制系统已经广泛应用于城市污水处理厂。总结归纳了污水处理厂的化学除磷工艺,重点对加药过程控制的类型,包括手动控制系统、自动控制系统、智能控制系统进行较为详细的论述。最后针对传统污水处理厂存在的问题和不足,提出研究污水处理厂化学除磷工艺精确控制系统技术的必要性。