Biosorption of Cd2+ and Cu2+ on immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The biosorption of Cd²⁺ and Cu²⁺ onto the immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) was investigated in this study. Adsorption kinetics, isotherms and the effect of pH were studied. The results indicated that the biosorption of Cd²⁺ and Cu²⁺ on the immobilized S. cerevisiae was fast at initial stage and then became slow. The maximum biosorption of heavy metal ions on immobilized S. cerevisiae were observed at pH 4 for Cd²⁺ and Cu²⁺. by the pseudo-second-order model described the sorption kinetic data well according to the high correlation coefficient (R ²) obtained. The biosorption isotherm was fitted well by the Langmuir model, indicating possible mono-layer biosorption of Cd²⁺ and Cu²⁺ on the immobilized S. cerevisiae. Moreover, the immobilized S. cerevisiae after the sorption of Cd²⁺ and Cu²⁺ could be regenerated and reused.     

Chemical characteristics of precipitation at Nanping Mangdang Mountain in eastern China during spring

To study the characteristics of precipitation in eastern China, an automatic sampler was used to collect rainwater samples from 19 precipitation events at Mangdang Mountain, Nanping City, Fujiang Province, in the spring of 2009. We used ion chromatography to analyze the ionic components and concentrations, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to analyze element compositions and contents. The results demonstrated remarkable acidic characteristics: in more than 80% of precipitation events the pH was less than 5.6, with an average of 4.81. Mass concentration results showed SO4 2?? was the main anionic component (36.2% of the total anion mass), while NH4 + was the main cationic component (47.7% of the total cation mass) and main ion for acidity neutralization in the rainwater. Organic acid content accounted for 30.9% of total anion mass. The main trace metals were Ca, K, and Na. The SO4 2??/NO3?? ratio was 1.4, indicating that precipitation in this region was influenced by complex air pollution – the product of individual coal-burning combined with vehicle exhaust pollution. Correlation analysis of the chemical composition of the precipitation indicated that acidity in this region was determined by a combination of all acidic and neutralization ions rather than any single ion component. The results also showed that Na+ and Cl?? contributions were mainly by seawater; Mg2+ by seawater and crustal materials; the NH4 +, K+, Ca2+, NO3?? and SO4 2?? by anthropogenic sources; the trace metals were from the Earth’s crust; and organic acids were potentially from combustion of biomass.     

硝酸异辛酯储运过程中稳定性研究

为研究硝酸异辛酯在储存及运输过程中的危险特性,有效预防和减少事故的发生,按照危险货物分类测试程序,通过隔板、克南、时间压力、撞击、摩擦等试验对硝酸异辛酯的固有危险性进行了评价;利用热分析技术考察了不同温升速率、水及酸雨等条件对硝酸异辛酯的热分解特性的影响.结果表明:硝酸异辛酯在相对封闭空间内遇热量、火焰、爆炸冲击及外部的机械刺激条件下表现出轻微的燃爆危险性,但不足以将其按照爆炸品进行管理;随着温升速率的增加,硝酸异辛酯热分解起始放热温度也逐渐增大,而水和酸雨均对硝酸异辛酯的分解具有促进作用,与纯硝酸异辛酯相比,其反应起始放热温度分别降低了12.4℃和27.2℃,放热量分别增大了387.439J/g和568.076J/g,失控分解危险性大大增加.     

Spatial heterogeneity of lake eutrophication caused by physiogeographic conditions: An analysis of 143 lakes in China

In order to identify the effect of geographic characteristics on the variations of nutrient concentrations and the utilization efficiency of nutrients by phytoplankton, data from 143 lakes, from 2008 to 2010, including three very different types of topography, i.e., the first topography ladder(FTL), second topography ladder(STL), and third topography ladder(TTL), were statistically analyzed. Lakes in the FTL and STL, located at high elevation(above1000 m) and low longitudes(lower than 105° E), were sporadically oligotrophic, whereas lakes in the TTL were almost all mesotrophic and eutrophic. The trophic level index(TLI)became higher with the rise of longitude. Two turning points(5 and 15°C) on the curve of TLI as function of the average annual temperature(AAT) corresponded with the AAT in different lake regions in the STL and TTL. Because the responses of TLI to AAT differ significantly, there were variations of nutrient and algal biomass concentrations in different lake regions in the same type of topography ladder. According to the differences in utilization efficiency of total nitrogen or total phosphorus by phytoplankton, China could be partitioned into six lake regions. Scientific nutrient criteria for each lake region shall be established considering these differences in China.     

Fertilizer application training programs,the adoption of formula fertilization techniques and agricultural productivity: Evidence from 691 apple growers in China

The article examines whether agricultural training boosted technology adoption and productivity was a key issue that was concerned by policymakers and researchers. Thus, impacts of fertilizer application training programs on the adoption of formula fertilization techniques and agricultural productivity were analyzed by using the survey data of 691 apple growers. The results indicated that: (i) compared with farmers who did not participate in fertilizer application training programs, the probability of the adoption of formula fertilization techniques was significantly increased by 256.1% for farmers who participated in fertilizer application training programs; (ii) fertilizer application training programs boosted the adoption of formula fertilization techniques via influencing farmers' cognition and willingness; (iii) yield was significantly increased by 14.3% at the 5% level through participating in fertilizer application training programs, and fertilizer application training programs improved agricultural productivity by means of enhancing the adoption of formula fertilization techniques. This study was conducive to evaluating the effectiveness of agricultural training and boosting agricultural sustainable development.     

生物滴滤床废气净化技术及应用

生物滴滤床是一种高效的废气净化装置 ,但其运行受诸多因素影响 ,采用传统的传质理论和传统的生物膜理论进行描述 ,难以取得满意结果 ,因此应从多方面来理解生物滴滤床的设计和运行 ,以开发高效的反应器和合理的运行处理系统。在分析中 ,综述了生物滴滤床净化有机废气的原理及运行中的多种影响因素 ,阐述了生物滴滤床的研究现状及相关应用。     

An efficient resin for solid-phase extraction and determination by UPLCMS/MS of 44 pharmaceutical personal care products in environmental waters

• A hydrophilic resin (GCHM) was facile synthesis and characterized. • Average absolute recovery of GCHM (75.6%) performs better than Oasis^® HLB. • Detection limits of method (SPE-UPLC-MS/MS) ranged between 0.03 and 0.6 ng/L. • 22 PPCPs were determined in environmental waters ranging from 0.5 to 1590 ng/L. In this study, a hydrophilic resin named GCHM was fabricated based on poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone-co-divinylbenzene), characterized, and applied as a solid-phase extraction (SPE) material. Up to 44 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) belonging to 10 classes were recovered in environmental water samples. Different variables affecting extraction, such as adsorbent amount, sample pH, and loading speed, were optimized. Under optimal conditions, the average absolute recovery of 44 PPCPs was 75.6% using GCHM, indicating a better performance than the commercial Oasis^® HLB. SPE with home-made hydrophilic polymeric sorbent followed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry was validated, and the method achieved good linearity (r²>0.991, for all analytes). In addition, the method detection limits of target compounds ranged from 0.03 to 0.6 ng/L. The developed method was applied to determine PPCPs in 10 environmental water samples taken from the Yangtze River, Huaihe River, and Taihu Lake, 1 groundwater sample from Changzhou in Jiangsu Province, 1 wastewater sample from Xiamen and 2 seawater samples from the Jiulong River in Fujian Province, China. In these samples, 22 compounds were determined at levels ranging from 0.5 to 1590 ng/L.     

生态化改造高新技术产业区与传统产业区的方法比较

为了发展循环经济,我国积极推进生态工业园的建设。已建的高新技术产业区和传统产业区都面临生态化改造的需求。由于这两类产业区的特点不同,应根据各自的特点确定生态化改造的侧重点。本文比较分析了我国高新技术产业区与传统产业区生态化改造方法的差异。     

Modeling vehicle emissions in different types of Chinese cities: importance of vehicle fleet and local features

We propose a method to simulate vehicle emissions in Chinese cities of different sizes and development stages. Twenty two cities are examined in this study. The target year is 2007. Among the cities, the vehicle emission factors were remarkably different (the highest is 50-90% higher than the lowest) owing to their distinct local features and vehicle technology levels, and the major contributors to total vehicle emissions were also different. A substantial increase in vehicle emissions is foreseeable unless stronger measures are implemented because the benefit of current policies can be quickly offset by the vehicle growth. Major efforts should be focused on all cities, especially developing cities where the requirements are lenient. This work aims a better understanding of vehicle emissions in all types of Chinese cities. The proposed method could benefit national emission inventory studies in improving accuracy and help in designing national and local policies for vehicle emission control.