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21.
Objective
The objective of this study was to evaluate repeated patient handling injuries following a multi-factor ergonomic intervention program among health care workers.Methods
This was a quasi-experimental study which had an intervention group and a non-randomized control group. Data were collected from six hospitals in Saskatchewan, Canada from September 1, 2001 to December 1, 2006.Results
A total of 1,480 individuals who had a previous injury were eligible for the study. Medium and small size hospitals in the intervention group had significantly fewer repeated injuries than in the control group. Multivariate analysis showed that the intervention group had 38.1% lower odds of having repeated injury compared to the control group, after adjusting for hospital size.Conclusions
The work-related repeated injury after a multi-factor intervention program was reduced. The synergistic relationships between components of multi-factor intervention and applicability of injury prevention programs to different settings need to be further explored.Impact on Industry
Implementing a multi-factor program with the right equipment and training can lower the risk of injury among health care workers. 相似文献22.
Low-level liquid borate wastes have been immobilized with paraffin wax using a concentrate waste drying system (CWDS) in Korean nuclear power plants. The possibility for improving chemical durability of paraffin waste form was suggested in this study. A small amount of low density polyethylene (LDPE) was added to increase the leaching resistance of the existing paraffin waste form. The influence of LDPE on the leaching behavior of waste form was investigated by performing leaching test according to ANSI/ANS-16.1 procedure during 325 days. It was observed that the leaching of nuclides immobilized within paraffin waste form made a marked reduction although little content of LDPE was added to waste form. The acceptance criteria of paraffin waste form associated with leachability index (LI) and compressive strength after the leaching test were fully satisfied with the help of LDPE. 相似文献
23.
Moon DH Dermatas D Wazne M Sanchez AM Chrysochoou M Grubb DG 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2007,29(4):289-294
Several million tons of Chromite Ore Processing Residue (COPR) were deposited at two sites in New Jersey and Maryland, USA,
and over time they exhibited extensive heaving phenomena. Ettringite, a needle-shaped mineral and an expansive mineral commonly
recognized in the literature concerning cement- and soil, has been identified extensively in numerous COPR samples collected
from these sites. It was therefore believed that ettringite formation and its crystal growth are strongly associated with
COPR heaving. We investigated the correlation between ettringite and the heaving phenomena in COPR materials that contained
no initial ettringite. Two identical COPR samples were exposed to a 4% w/w sulfate solution (25°C, 50°C) in a confined swell
test apparatus. Both swell test samples were analyzed by means of X-ray powder diffraction. The peak intensities of newly
formed ettringite were more pronounced in the sample tested at 50°C, and swell development was only observed in this sample.
Scanning electron microscopy analyses revealed well-crystallized ettringite needles exceeding 40 μm in length for this sample,
while ettringite crystals less than 15 μm in length formed in the sample tested at 25°C. Therefore, the results suggest that
the quantity of ettringite and the extent of crystallization play a key role in the heave of COPR. 相似文献
24.
The oxidation of gas phase elemental mercury (Hg0) by atmospheric pressure non-thermal plasma has been investigated at room temperature, employing both dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) of the gas mixture of Hg0 and injection of ozone (O3) into the gas mixture of Hg0. Results have shown that the oxidative efficiencies of Hg0 by DBD and the injection of O3 are 59% and 93%, respectively, with energy consumption of 23.7 J L(-1). This combined approach has indicated that O3 plays a decisive role in the oxidation of gas phase Hg0. Also the oxidation of Hg0 by injecting O3 into the gas mixture of Hg0 proceeds with better efficiency than DBD of the gas mixture of Hg0. These results have been explained by the incorporation of the competitive reaction pathways between the formation of HgO by O3 and the decomposition of HgO back to Hg0 in the plasma environment. 相似文献
25.
Performance of an electrochemical COD (chemical oxygen demand) sensor with an electrode-surface grinding unit 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Geun Jeong B Min Yoon S Ho Choi C Koang Kwon K Sik Hyun M Heui Yi D Soo Park H Kim M Joo Kim H 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2007,9(12):1352-1357
An electrochemical COD (chemical oxygen demand) sensor using an electrode-surface grinding unit was investigated. The electrolyzing (oxidizing) action of copper on an organic species was used as the basis of the COD measuring sensor. Using a simple three-electrode cell and a surface grinding unit, the organic species is activated by the catalytic action of copper and oxidized at a working electrode, poised at a positive potential. When synthetic wastewater was fed into the system, the measured Coulombic yields were found to be dependent on the COD of the synthetic wastewater. A linear correlation between the Coulombic yields and the COD of the synthetic wastewater was established (10-1000 mg L(-1)) when the electrode-surface grinding procedure was activated briefly at 8 h intervals. When various kinds of wastewater samples obtained from various sewage treatment plants were measured, linear correlations (r(2)> or = 0.92) between the measured EOD (electrochemical oxygen demand) value and COD of the samples were observed. At a practical wastewater treatment plant, the measurement system was successfully operated with high accuracy and good stability over 3 months. These experimental results show that the application of the measurement system would be a rapid and practical method for the determination of COD in water industries. 相似文献
26.
Comparative studies on toluene removal and pressure drop in biofilters using different packing materials 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ryu HW Kim SJ Cho KS 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2010,31(3):315-318
To select the best available packing material for malodorous organic gases such as toluene and benzene, biofilter performance was compared in biofilters employed different packing materials including porous ceramic (celite), Jeju scoria (lava), a mixture of granular activated carbon (GAC) and celite (GAC/celite), and cubic polyurethane foam (PU). A toluene-degrading bacterium, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia T3-c, was used as the inoculum. The maximum elimination capacities in the celite, lava, and GAC/celite biofilters were 100, 130, and 110 gm(-3) hr(-1), respectively. The elimination capacity for the PU biofilter was approximately 350 g m(-3) hr(-1) at an inlet loading of approximately 430 g m(-3) hr(-1), which was 2 to 3.5 times higher than for the other biofilters. The pressure drop gradually increased in the GAC/ celite, celite and lava biofilters after 23 day due to bacterial over-growth, and the toluene removal efficiency remarkably decreased with increasing pressure drop. Backwashing method was not effective for the control of biomass in these biofilters. In the PU biofilter however, backwashing allowed maintenance of a pressure drop of 1 to 3 mm H2O m(-1) and a removal efficiency of > 80%, indicating that the PU was the best packing material for toluene removal among the packing materials tested. 相似文献
27.
Bal Raj Deshwal Si Hyun Lee Jong Hyeon Jung Byung Hyun Shon Hyung Keun Lee 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2008,20(1):33-38
The study on the removal of NOx from simulated flue gas has been carded out in a lab-scale bubbling reactor using acidic solutions of sodium chlorite. Experiments were performed at various pH values and inlet NO concentrations in the absence or presence of SO2 gas at 45℃. The effect of SO2 on NO oxidation and NO2 absorption was critically examined. The oxidative ability of sodium chlorite was investigated at different pH values and it was found to be a better oxidant at a pH less than 4. In acidic medium, sodium chlorite decomposed into C102 gas, which is believed to participate in NO oxidation as well as in NO2 absorption. A plausible NOx removal mechanism using acidic sodium chlorite solution has been postulated. A maximum NOx removal efficiency of about 81% has been achieved. 相似文献
28.
Ryu Seungmin Won Seung Hyun Moon Sungsam Song Kihoon Pak Daewon 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2021,23(5):1791-1800
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills are the third largest source of global methane emissions as biogas (11%). In developing countries, MSW... 相似文献
29.
Lee EY Jun YS Cho KS Ryu HW 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2002,52(4):400-406
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia T3-c, isolated from a biofilter for the removal of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX), could grow in a mineral salt medium containing toluene, benzene, or ethylbenzene as the sole source of carbon. The effect of environmental factors such as initial toluene mass, medium pH, and temperature on the degradation rate of toluene was investigated. The cosubstrate interactions in the BTEX mixture by the isolate were also studied. Within the range of initial toluene mass (from 23 to 70 pmol), an increased substrate concentration increased the specific degradation of toluene by S. maltophilia T3-c. The toluene degradation activity of S. maltophilia T3-c could be maintained at a broad pH range from 5 to 8. The rates at 20 and 40 degrees C were 43 and 83%, respectively, of the rate at 30 degrees C. The specific degradation rates of toluene, benzene, and ethylbenzene by strain T3-c were 2.38, 4.25, and 2.06 micromol/g-DCW/hr. While xylene could not be utilized as a growth substrate by S. maltophilia T3-c, the presence of toluene resulted in the cometabolic degradation of xylene. The specific degradation rate of toluene was increased by the presence of benzene, ethylbenzene, or xylene in binary mixtures. The presence of toluene or xylene in binary mixtures with benzene increased the specific degradation rate of benzene. The presence of ethylbenzene in binary mixtures with benzene inhibited benzene degradation. The presence of more than three kinds of substrates inhibited the specific degradation rate of benzene. All BTEX mixtures, except tri-mixtures of benzene, ethylbenzene, and xylene or mixtures of all four substrates, had little effect on the degradation of ethylbenzene by S. maltophilia T3-c. The utilization preference of the substrates by S. maltophilia T3-c was as follows: ethylbenzene was degraded fastest, followed by toluene and benzene. However, the specific degradation rates of substrates, in order, were benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene. 相似文献
30.
Jin-Do Chung Jae-Hyuk Hyun Jang-Heon Song 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2016,18(3):455-459
The incineration of food waste water in conjunction with the domestic waste is getting attention as a food waste water treatment method, due to its low treatment cost and high efficiency. Many studies verified that the ammonia in the food waste water served as a reducing agent to suppress the generation of NOx when the food waste water was injected and incinerated. However, they have not revealed the correlation between the change in the concentration of the CO and NOx by the influence of the solid matters contained in the food waste water on the incineration of the wastes. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimum amount of the food waste water injected through four nozzles in the primary and secondary incineration chambers and to assess the correlation between the concentration of CO and NOx in accordance with the food waste water injection in each chamber of the incinerator. For the study, four food waste water injection nozzles were installed; two (A and B) at the top of the primary incineration chamber and the other two (C and D) in the secondary incineration chamber. The correlation between the change in the concentration of CO and NOx was studied adjusting the amount of the food waste water injected through the nozzles. From the result, Case II showed the concentration of CO and NOx as 1.8–10 and 14–26 ppm, respectively, while Case I showed that of CO and NOx as 15–30 and 9–18 ppm, respectively. Those levels are well below the Korean emission criteria, 50 ppm for CO and 80 ppm for NOx. Based on the results, it is evident there is a certain trade-off between emission of CO and NOx, and Case II which has relatively low concentration of CO is easier and cheaper to control. 相似文献