全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2506篇 |
免费 | 44篇 |
国内免费 | 185篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 122篇 |
废物处理 | 229篇 |
环保管理 | 304篇 |
综合类 | 447篇 |
基础理论 | 460篇 |
环境理论 | 1篇 |
污染及防治 | 855篇 |
评价与监测 | 205篇 |
社会与环境 | 87篇 |
灾害及防治 | 25篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 17篇 |
2022年 | 49篇 |
2021年 | 49篇 |
2020年 | 20篇 |
2019年 | 51篇 |
2018年 | 83篇 |
2017年 | 69篇 |
2016年 | 100篇 |
2015年 | 78篇 |
2014年 | 86篇 |
2013年 | 202篇 |
2012年 | 147篇 |
2011年 | 165篇 |
2010年 | 107篇 |
2009年 | 140篇 |
2008年 | 152篇 |
2007年 | 155篇 |
2006年 | 146篇 |
2005年 | 134篇 |
2004年 | 111篇 |
2003年 | 105篇 |
2002年 | 99篇 |
2001年 | 70篇 |
2000年 | 41篇 |
1999年 | 29篇 |
1998年 | 25篇 |
1997年 | 29篇 |
1996年 | 22篇 |
1995年 | 25篇 |
1994年 | 24篇 |
1993年 | 24篇 |
1992年 | 11篇 |
1991年 | 20篇 |
1990年 | 12篇 |
1989年 | 9篇 |
1988年 | 14篇 |
1986年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 8篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 10篇 |
1981年 | 10篇 |
1980年 | 9篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1976年 | 5篇 |
1974年 | 4篇 |
1973年 | 5篇 |
1972年 | 6篇 |
1971年 | 6篇 |
1969年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有2735条查询结果,搜索用时 171 毫秒
71.
Gyu-Cheol Lee Weon-Hwa Jheong Gyoo Seung Jung Sung-Ae Oh Min-jeong Kim Ok-Jae Rhee Sujeong Park Chan Hee Lee 《Food and environmental virology》2012,4(3):115-123
RT-PCR, nucleotide sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis were performed for genotyping and molecular characterization of noroviruses isolated from Korean groundwater. Among 160 samples collected from 80 sites between 2008 and 2010, 14 samples (8.7?%) from 12 sites were positive for noroviruses (NoVs). The percentages of NoV-positive samples in 2008, 2009, and 2010 were 22.2, 3.2, and 0?%, respectively, representing a yearly decrease. GII-positive samples (n?=?9, 5.6?%) outnumbered GI-positive samples (n?=?5, 3.1?%). The genotypes of the GI NoVs were GI.2, GI.5, and GI.6, and the genotypes of the GII NoVs were all GII.4. One sample, HM623465, was very similar to CUK-3 and CBNU2 and two GII.4 sequences isolated from the stool of Korean gastroenteritis patients. A BLASTN search revealed several nucleotide sequences highly similar to those of NoVs isolated in this study. The original isolation sources for these similar NoVs were mostly stool (n?=?731, 80.0?%) and groundwater (n?=?135, 14.8?%), and all the countries from which they were isolated were almost in Asia (96.0?%); specifically, China (n?=?192, 21.0?%), Japan (n?=?383, 41.9?%), Korea (n?=?296, 32.4?%), and other Asian countries (n?=?6, 0.7?%). These results suggest that Korean groundwater might be contaminated with NoVs from the stool of infected patients and that these NoVs in turn cause new cases of gastroenteritis through a typical fecal-oral route with region-specific circulation. Therefore, it is important to properly treat sewage, which may include waterborne viruses and manage point sources in groundwater for national health and sanitation. In addition, continuous molecular surveillance remains important for understanding circulating NoVs. 相似文献
72.
73.
Predicting the transfer of 137Cs to rice plants by a dynamic compartment model with a consideration of the soil properties 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The factors governing chlorine transfer from Phaeozem and Greyzem soils to various important crop species (foodstuff and forage) were determined in natural conditions in the Kiev region of Ukraine. The stable chlorine concentration ratio (CR) values were the lowest in apple (0.5+/-0.3) and strawberry (2+/-1), higher in vegetables (5+/-3), seeds (15+/-7) and reached a maximum in straw (187+/-90). The average CR values of 36Cl were estimated for the most important crops using all experimental data on 36Cl and stable chlorine transfer into plants from various soils. It was experimentally shown that boiling potatoes in water leads to an equilibrium between 36Cl specific content in the water and moisture in the cooked potato. The 36Cl processing factor (PF) for boiling various foodstuffs is equal to the ratio of water mass in the cooked foodstuff to the total water mass (in the food and the decoction). 36Cl PF for cereal flour can be estimated as 1. The 36Cl processing factor for dairy products is equal to the ratio of residual water mass in the product to initial water mass in milk. At a 36Cl specific activity in soil of 1 Bq kg-1, the estimated annual dietary 36Cl intake into human organism (adult man) is about 10 kBq. Sixty to seventy percent of the above amount will be taken in via milk and dairy products, 7-16% via meat, 14-16% via bread and bakery items and 8-12% via vegetables. The highest annual 36Cl intake, 10.7 kBq, is predicted for 1-year-old children. The expected effective doses from annual 36Cl intake are higher for younger age groups, increasing from 0.008 mSv in adults to 0.12 mSv in 1-year-old children. 相似文献
74.
Chih Ming M Ya Wen Lee Gui Bing Hong Te Li Su Je Lueng Shie Chang Tang Chang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(4):687-692
TiO2 nanoparticles, doped with di erent Pt contents, were prepared by a modified photodeposition method using Degussa P-25 TiO2,
H2PtCl6 6H2O and methanol as the solvents. The physicochemical properties of Pt/TiO2 were investigated by the nitrogen adsorption
and desorption isotherm measurement technique, X-ray di raction analysis and photoluminescence spectra, respectively. Reaction rates
from photocatalytic removal of dichloromethane over Degussa P-25 TiO2 and Pt/TiO2 were evaluated. The average diameter and BET
surface area of the TiO2 catalyst particles were 300 nm and 50 m2/g, respectively. The degradation e ciency was 99.0%, 82.7%, 55.2%,
and 57.9% with TiO2 at inlet concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 300 ppm, respectively. And the degradation e ciency was 99.3%,
79.7%, 76.5%, and 73.4% with a 0.005 wt.% Pt/TiO2 at inlet concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 300 ppm, respectively. In addition, we
found that the photoluminescence emission peak intensities decreased with increases in the doping amount of Pt, which indicates that
the irradiative recombination was weakened. Furthermore, the results showed that the UV/0.005 wt.% Pt/TiO2 process was capable of
e ciently decomposing gaseous DCM in air. 相似文献
75.
Surfactant-enhanced remediation (SER) is an effective method for the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from contaminated soils and groundwater. To reuse the surfactant the VOCs must be separated from the surfactant solutions. The water solubility of VOCs can be enhanced using reversible surfactants with a redox-acive group, (ferrocenylmethyl)dodecyldimethylammonium bromide (Fcl2) and (ferrocenylmethyl)tetradecanedimethylammonium bromide (Fcl4), above and below their critical micelle concentrations (CMC) under reducing (I+) and oxidative (I2+) conditions. The CMC values of Fcl2 and Fcl4 in I+ are 0.94 and 0.56 mmol/L and the solubilization of toluene by Fcl2 and Fcl4 in I+ for toluene is higher than the solubilization achieved with sodium dodecyl sulfate, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and Trition X-114. The solubilization capacity of the ferrocenyl surfactants for each tested VOCs ranked as follows: ethylbenzene > toluene > benzene. The solubilities of VOCs by reversible surfactant in I+ were 30% higher than those in I2+ at comparable surfactant concentrations. The effects of Fcl4 concentrations on VOCs removal efficiency were as follows: benzene > toluene > ethylbenzene. However, an improved removal efficiency was achieved at low ferrocenyl surfactant concentrations. Furthermore, the reversible surfactant could be recycled through chemical approaches to remove organic pollutants, which could significantly reduce the operating costs of SER technology. 相似文献
76.
As a remedial option, the natural attenuation capacity of a petroleum contaminated groundwater at a military facility was examined. Hydrogeological conditions, such as high water level, permeable uppermost layer and frequent heavy rainfall, were favorable to natural attenuation at this site. The changes in the concentrations of electron acceptors and donors, as well as the relevant hydrochemical conditions, indicated the occurrence of aerobic respiration, denitrification, iron reduction, manganese reduction and sulfate reduction. The calculated BTEX expressed biodegradation capacity ranged between 20.52 and 33.67 mg/L, which appeared effective for the reduction of the contaminants levels. The contribution of each electron accepting process to the total biodegradation was in the order: denitrification > iron reduction > sulfate reduction > aerobic respiration > manganese reduction. The BTEX and benzene point attenuation rates were 0.0058-0.0064 and 0.0005-0.0032 day-1, respectively, and the remediation time was 0.7-1.2 and 2.5-30 years, respectively. The BTEX and benzene bulk attenuation rates were 8.69 × 10-4 and 1.05 × 10-3 day-1, respectively, and the remediation times for BTEX and benzene were 7.2 and 17.5 years, respectively. However, most of the natural attenuation occurring in this site can be attributed to dilution and dispersion. Consequently, the biodegradation and natural attenuation capacities were good enough to lower the contaminants levels, but their rates appeared to be insufficient to reach the remediation goal within a reasonable time frame. Therefore, some active remedial measures would be required. 相似文献
77.
高温状态下膨润土的物性指标变化是高放核废物深地质处置库设计的重要参数之一。通过高温状态下不同受热时间MX80钠基膨润土的比重、液塑限、自由膨胀率试验,研究了受热时间对膨润土基本物性指标的影响规律;并通过热重分析(TGA)、X衍射(XDR)、电镜扫描(SEM)试验,从微观角度对上述变化规律进行了合理解释。研究结果表明:随着受热时间的增加,膨润土的比重、液塑限、自由膨胀率在受热15~30天内急剧下降,降幅分别为2.5%、3.1%和28.3%,之后各值变化量很小;高温状态下,膨润土的矿物成分转化、结合水脱附、微观形貌改变是膨润土物性指标发生变化的根本原因,三者之间相互作用和彼此影响。 相似文献
78.
Juheon Lee 《Disasters》2021,45(1):158-179
This study aimed to assess the multi‐level effects of natural hazards on trust in Chinese society. Drawing on the Chinese General Social Survey conducted in 2012 and provincial disaster damage records, it examined the association between individuals’ past experiences of disasters and province‐level damage (measured by the number of affected people, deaths, and economic loss) and various forms of trust: in‐group; out‐group; generalised; and political. The findings indicate that Chinese individuals with experience of disasters have higher levels of out‐group trust but lower levels of political trust. Similarly, at the province level, damage owing to disasters over the past three years (2009–11) positively impacted on residents’ out‐group trust while negatively affecting their political trust. However, when provincial damage was aggregated for disasters over the past five years (2007–11), which included the devastating Sichuan earthquake on 12 May 2008, only total deaths had a positive effect on generalised trust. 相似文献
79.
Fouling behavior along the length of membrane module was systematically investigated by performing simple modeling and lab-scale experiments of forward osmosis (FO) membrane process. The flux distribution model developed in this study showed a good agreement with experimental results, validating the robustness of the model. This model demonstrated, as expected, that the permeate flux decreased along the membrane channel due to decreasing osmotic pressure differential across the FO membrane. A series of fouling experiments were conducted under the draw and feed solutions at various recoveries simulated by the model. The simulated fouling experiments revealed that higher organic (alginate) fouling and thus more flux decline were observed at the last section of a membrane channel, as foulants in feed solution became more concentrated. Furthermore, the water flux in FO process declined more severely as the recovery increased due to more foulants transported to membrane surface with elevated solute concentrations at higher recovery, which created favorable solution environments for organic adsorption. The fouling reversibility also decreased at the last section of the membrane channel, suggesting that fouling distribution on FO membrane along the module should be carefully examined to improve overall cleaning efficiency. Lastly, it was found that such fouling distribution observed with co-current flow operation became less pronounced in counter- current flow operation of FO membrane process. 相似文献
80.
The nitrogen changes and the nitrogen mass balance in a free water surface flow constructed wetland (CW) using the four-year monitoring data from 2008 to 2012 were estimated. The CW was composed of six cells in series that include the first settling basin (Cell 1), aeration pond (Cell 2), deep marsh (Cell 3), shallow marsh (Cell 4), deep marsh (Cell 5) and final settling basin (Cell 6). Analysis revealed that the NH4+-N concentration decreased because of ammonification which was then followed by nitrification. The NO4+-N and NO4+-N were also further reduced by means of microbial activities and plant uptake during photosynthesis. The average nitrogen concentration at the influent was 37,819 kg/year and approximately 45% of that amount exited the CW in the effluent. The denitrification amounted to 34% of the net nitrogen input, whereas the accretion of sediment was only 7%. The biomass uptake of plants was able to retain only 1% of total nitrogen load. In order to improve the nutrient removal by plant uptake, plant coverage in four cells (i.e., Cells 1, 3, 4 and 5) could be increased. 相似文献