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91.
In groundwater, used for drinking water supply in the greater industrial area of Thessaloniki, in Northern Greece, concentrations of total arsenic exceeded the WHO provisional guideline value and the EU maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 10 μg/L. The concentration of total arsenic was in the range between 4–130 μg/L, whereas the median value was 36 μg/L and the average concentration 46 μg/L. Nine out of the eleven wells contained total arsenic at concentration higher than 10 μg/L and it should be stressed that 6 of them contain arsenic at concentrations between 10 (new MCL) and 50 μg/L (previous MCL). The examined groundwaters were found to contain elevated concentrations of manganese and phosphate. Arsenic had a positive correlation with the pH, indicating the possible effect of pH on arsenic mobilisation. These findings emerge the problem of contamination from arsenic, since, according to the EU directive 98/83, all drinking water sources within the European Union should have achieved compliance with the new limits by 12/2003, implying that the situation requires urgent remedial action. 相似文献
92.
This article presents a methodological approach for the formulation of control strategies capable of reducing atmospheric
pollution at the standards set by European legislation. The approach was implemented in the greater area of Thessaloniki and
was part of a project aiming at the compliance with air quality standards in five major cities in Greece. The methodological
approach comprises two stages: in the first stage, the availability of several measures contributing to a certain extent to
reducing atmospheric pollution indicates a combinatorial problem and favors the use of Integer Programming. More specifically,
Multiple Objective Integer Programming is used in order to generate alternative efficient combinations of the available policy
measures on the basis of two conflicting objectives: public expenditure minimization and social acceptance maximization. In
the second stage, these combinations of control measures (i.e., the control strategies) are then comparatively evaluated with
respect to a wider set of criteria, using tools from Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis, namely, the well-known PROMETHEE
method. The whole procedure is based on the active involvement of local and central authorities in order to incorporate their
concerns and preferences, as well as to secure the adoption and implementation of the resulting solution. 相似文献
93.
Vânia Martins Carolina Correi Inês Cunha-Lopes Tiago Fari Evangelia Diapouli Manousos Ioannis Manousakas Konstantinos Eleftheriadis Susana Marta Almeida 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(2):51-61
Traffic is a main source of air pollutants in urban areas and consequently daily peak exposures tend to occur during commuting. Personal exposure to particulate matter (PM) was monitored while cycling and travelling by bus, car and metro along an assigned route in Lisbon (Portugal), focusing on PM2.5 and PM10 (PM with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 and 10 µm, respectively) mass concentrations and their chemical composition. In vehicles, the indoor-outdoor interplay was also evaluated. The PM2.5 mean concentrations were 28?±?5, 31?±?9, 34?±?9 and 38?±?21?µg/m3 for bus, bicycle, car and metro modes, respectively. Black carbon concentrations when travelling by car were 1.4 to 2.0 times higher than in the other transport modes due to the closer proximity to exhaust emissions. There are marked differences in PM chemical composition depending on transport mode. In particular, Fe was the most abundant component of metro PM, derived from abrasion of rail-wheel-brake interfaces. Enhanced concentrations of Zn and Cu in cars and buses were related with brake and tyre wear particles, which can penetrate into the vehicles. In the motorised transport modes, Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni and K were correlated, evidencing their common traffic-related source. On average, the highest inhaled dose of PM2.5 was observed while cycling (55 µg), and the lowest in car travels (17 µg). Cyclists inhaled higher doses of PM2.5 due to both higher inhalation rates and longer journey times, with a clear enrichment in mineral elements. The presented results evidence the importance of considering the transport mode in exposure assessment studies. 相似文献
94.
95.
Groundwater risk assessment at a heavily industrialised catchment and the associated impacts on a peri-urban wetland 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Dimitriou E Karaouzas I Sarantakos K Zacharias I Bogdanos K Diapoulis A 《Journal of environmental management》2008,88(3):526-538
Industrial and agricultural activities often impose significant pressures to the groundwater quality and consequently degrade wetland ecosystems that depend mostly on subsurface water flow. Groundwater vulnerability and risk mapping is a widely used approach to assess the natural protection of aquifers and the associated pollution potential from human activities. In the particular study, the relatively new Pan-European methodology (COP method) has been applied in a highly industrialized peri-urban wetland catchment, located close to Athens city, to map the intrinsic vulnerability of the aquifer and evaluate the risk potential originating from local land uses. Groundwater analysis results for various parameters, including Phenols, PCBs and nutrients, have been used to validate the vulnerability and risk estimations while a biological assessment occurred to associate the mapping results with the wetland's ecological status. The results indicated that even though the natural protection of the aquifer is relatively high due to the dominant hydrogeologic and geomorphologic conditions, the groundwater pollution risk is considerable, mainly because of the existing hazardous land uses. The water quality of the groundwater accredited these findings and the ecological status of this peri-urban wetland also indicated significant impacts from industrial effluents. 相似文献
96.
Kagalou I Papadimitriou T Bacopoulos V Leonardos I 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,137(1-3):185-195
Toxin-producing cyanobacteria in lakes and reservoirs form a threat to humans as well as various forms of aquatic life. This
study examined the occurrence and distribution of Microcystins (MCYST) in the shallow eutrophic lake Pamvotis (Greece). MCYST
concentrations in the tissues (liver, kidneys, intestine, gonads, brain and muscle) of the fish species Carassius gibelio were also examined. Tests were performed with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). MCYST concentration in water
and in the scum of Lake Pamvotis were highest during the warm period (April–October, 2005). Phytoplankton samples were dominated
by the genera Microcystis and Anabaena during the same period. MCYST values were always below the WHO Guide level for recreational waters but much higher than the
WHO Guide level for drinking water. It was found that MCYST can accumulate in the fish tissues of C. gibelio. Even though the target organ for MCYST is the liver, in our study MCYST were found also in the rest of C. gibelio tissues in the following order: intestine> kidney> > brain>gonads> muscle. Muscle tissue contained concentrations of microcystins
that correspond to 0.096 μg/kg/day well above the recommended limit for human consumption (0.04 μg/Kg/day). 相似文献
97.
Detection of microcystins in Pamvotis lake water and assessment of cyanobacterial bloom toxicity 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Papadimitriou T Armeni E Stalikas CD Kagalou I Leonardos ID 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(5):3043-3052
Lake Pamvotis is a shallow, eutrophic Mediterranean lake with ecological significance. This paper deals with the evaluation
of cyanobacterial toxicity in Lake Pamvotis. ELISA and HPLC revealed the presence of significant amounts of MCYST-LR. Danio rerio bioassay confirmed the toxic nature of the bloom. Cyanobacterial extracts had adverse toxic effects on development of D. rerio. Also, it was shown that cyanobacterial extracts containing environmentally detected concentrations of MCYST can cause reduced
survival rate of fish species. The results clearly indicate that cyanobacterial blooms in Lake Pamvotis may be regarded as
human and fish health hazard. Continuous monitoring of the lake is suggested, in order to prevent future possible intoxications. 相似文献
98.
Agelos Papaioannou Athina Mavridou Christos Hadjichristodoulou Panagiotis Papastergiou Olga Pappa Eleni Dovriki Ioannis Rigas 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,170(1-4):87-97
Three representative areas (lowland, semi-mountainous, and coastal) have been selected for the collection of drinking water samples, and a total number of 28 physical, chemical, and biological parameters per water sample have been determined and analyzed. The mean values of the physical and chemical parameters were found to be within the limits mentioned in the 98/83/EEC directive. The analysis of biological parameters shows that many of the water samples are inadequate for human consumption because of the presence of bacteria. Cluster analysis (CA) first was used to classify sample sites with similar properties and results in three groups of sites; discriminant analysis (DA) was used to construct the best discriminant functions to confirm the clusters determined by CA and evaluate the spatial variations in water quality. The standard mode discriminant functions, using 17 parameters, yielded classification matrix correctly assigning 96.97% of the cases. In the stepwise mode, the DA produced a classification matrix with 96.36% correct assignments using only ten parameters (EC, Cl???, NO3 ???, HCO3 ???, CO3 ???2, Ca?+?2, Na?+?, Zn, Mn, and Pb). CA and factor analysis (FA) are used to characterize water quality and assist in water quality monitoring planning. CA proved that two major groups of similarity (six subclusters) between 17 physicochemical parameters are formed, and FA extracts six factors that account for 66.478% of the total water quality variation, when all samples’ physicochemical data set is considered. It is noteworthy that the classification scheme obtained by CA is completely confirmed by principal component analysis. 相似文献
99.
Assessing the zooplankton community and environmental factors in a Mediterranean wetland 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ifigenia I. Kagalou Alexia Kosiori Ioannis D. Leonardos 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,170(1-4):445-455
Mediterranean wetlands represent unique repositories of biodiversity, but these ecosystems are increasingly threatened by human-induced habitat loss. Seventy percent of Greek wetlands (ponds, mires, marshes, etc.) have been lost in the past 80 years due to human intervention. In Greece habitat types of mires, listed in Directive 92/43/EEC, have been recorded in a few locations, one of the most important is Kalodiki wetland. Eutrophication key elements were determined at four sampling stations throughout 1 year in order to monitor the trophic conditions. Moreover, the zooplankton community was described as biological element relevant in the assessment of the ecological status of Kalodiki wetland. Kalodiki wetland exhibits nutrient concentrations corresponding to eutrophic conditions while according to chlorophyll-a values it is classified between mesotrophic and eutrophic status depending mostly on the sampling period. As concerning zooplankton community, it appears poor in species and dominated by small-sized organisms, which is generally typical of eutrophic, disturbed systems. Differences among zooplankton assemblages over seasons as well as among sampling sites highlight the role of both abiotic and biotic factors. 相似文献
100.
Ioannis Karaouzas Elias Dimitriou Nikolaos Skoulikidis Konstantinos Gritzalis Eva Colombari 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2009,14(6):677-689
Ecological (biological and hydrochemical assessment) and hydrogeological (vulnerability and pollution risk mapping) tools
have been combined to assess the ecological quality and hydrogeological vulnerability of an agricultural river basin. In addition,
the applicability of the recently developed vulnerability assessment approach (COP method) in the particular environmental
conditions was tested by comparing its results with hydroecological assessment tools (i.e., pollution metrics). Five sampling
sites were selected and sampled for benthic macroinvertebrates and physicochemical variables during summer and spring. Overall,
sites ranged from moderate to poor ecological quality. The results illustrated that 26% of the study area was of moderate
pollution risk, while 65% was classified as of low and very low risk zones. However, the higher elevation zones where calcareous
rock formations are encountered presented moderate to high pollution risk that was accredited by the ecological quality assessment.
Pollution metrics facilitated from hydrochemical analysis indicated a significant association with groundwater vulnerability,
thus validating vulnerability and risk estimations. This study indicated that the particular groundwater pollution risk mapping
methodology and the water quality assessment indices can be well combined to provide an integrated evaluation tool at a catchment
scale. 相似文献