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991.
A simple approach to enhance the photocatalytic activity of red phosphorus(P) was developed.A mechanical ball milling method was applied to reduce the size of red P and to deposit graphene quantum dots onto red P. The product was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, contact angle measurements, zeta-potential measurements, X-ray diffraction and UV–vis absorption spectroscopy. The product exhibited high visible-light-driven photocatalytic performance in the photodegradation of rhodamine B. 相似文献
992.
Yunan Chen Yi Yang Bolong Xu Shunhao Wang Bin Li Juan M Jie Gao Yi Y. Zuo Sijin Liu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(12):100-114
Environmental exposure and health risk upon engineered nanomaterials are increasingly concerned. The family of mesoporous carbon nanomaterials(MCNs) is a rising star in nanotechnology for multidisciplinary research with versatile applications in electronics,energy and gas storage, and biomedicine. Meanwhile, there is mounting concern on their environmental health risks due to the growing production and usage of MCNs. The lung is the primary site for particle invasion under environmental exposure to nanomaterials. Here, we studied the comprehensive toxicological profile of MCNs in the lung under the scenario of moderate environmental exposure. It was found that at a low concentration of 10 μg/mL MCNs induced biophysical inhibition of natural pulmonary surfactant. Moreover, MCNs at similar concentrations reduced viability of J774 A.1 macrophages and lung epithelial A549 cells.Incubating with nature pulmonary surfactant effectively reduced the cytotoxicity of MCNs.Regarding the pro-inflammatory responses, MCNs activated macrophages in vitro, and stimulated lung inflammation in mice after inhalation exposure, associated with lung fibrosis.Moreover, we found that the size of MCNs played a significant role in regulating cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory potential of this nanomaterial. In general, larger MCNs induced more pronounced cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory effects than their smaller counterparts. Our results provided valuable information on the toxicological profile and environmental health risks of MCNs, and suggested that fine-tuning the size of MCNs could be a practical precautionary design strategy to increase safety and biocompatibility of this nanomaterial. 相似文献
993.
Jacqueline T. Bangm Jessica L. Reiner Hannes Both Theresa M. Cantu Marco A. Gouws Matthew P. Guillette Jeremy P. Koelmel Wilmien J. Luus-Powell Jan Myburgh Olivia Rynders Joseph R. Sar Willem J. Smit John A. Bowden 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(11):59-67
This study examined concentrations of 15 perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in tissues from male Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) collected at Loskop Dam, Mpumalanga, South Africa in 2014 and 2016. Nine of the 15 PFAAs were detected frequently and were included in statistical analysis and included two of the most commonly known PFAAs, perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) (median, 41.6 ng/g) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) (median, 0.0825 ng/g). Of the tissues measured, plasma (2016 and 2014 median, 22.2 ng/g) contained the highest PFAA burden followed by (in descending order): liver (median, 11.6 ng/g), kidney (median, 9.04 ng/g), spleen (median, 5.92 ng/g), adipose (median, 2.54 ng/g), and muscle (median, 1.11 ng/g). Loskop Dam tilapia have been affected by an inflammatory disease of the adipose tissue known as pansteatitis, so this study also aimed to investigate relationships between PFAA tissue concentrations and incidence of pansteatitis or fish health status. Results revealed that healthy tilapia exhibited an overall higher (p-value < 0.05) PFAA burden than pansteatitis-affected tilapia across all tissues. Further analysis showed that organs previously noted in the literature to contain the highest PFAA concentrations, such as kidney, liver, and plasma, were the organs driving the difference in PFAA burden between the two tilapia groups. Care must be taken in the interpretations we draw from not only the results of our study, but also other PFAA measurements made on populations (human and wildlife alike) under differing health status. 相似文献
994.
995.
介绍了国内外浮顶原油储罐VOCs泄漏损耗形式。结合美国环保署(EPA)发布的AP-42中第7章储罐的VOCs相关排放公式,建立了外浮顶原油储罐VOCs排放量核算的方法,并对核算方法的应用进行了举例分析,有助于掌握现阶段原油外浮顶储罐的泄漏损耗量,为推进企业绿色低碳发展,控制原油储罐VOCs总量排放提供参考。 相似文献
996.
针对16×10~4m~3LNG储罐安全阀泄漏问题,从阀门结构角度对泄漏原因进行了详细的分析,认为主要有三种可能:(1)导阀失效;(2)上阀腔漏气;(3)阀座密封不严。根据分析结论,提出了故障排查的方法以及操作步骤;结合阀门解体检查情况,建立了阀门失效的故障树,从投产、阀门运行维护角度提出了相关建议。 相似文献
997.
基于2012年-2014年湖北省大气污染物监测数据,通过数据反演方法,得到湖北省17个城市的PM2.5年均浓度.利用ArcGIS绘制出各城市不同年份的颗粒物浓度空间分布图,并对其进行分析.结果表明,2012年-2014年间,湖北省17个城市PM2.5与PM10年均浓度比值为0.66,PM2.5年均浓度超出国家二级标准,整体呈现上升趋势.城市方面,在多数城市PM2.5与PM10浓度上升的同时,仅武汉、黄冈和天门3个城市颗粒物浓度2014年较2013年有所下降,且武汉市PM2.5浓度下降率达12.8%,表明武汉市近两年来采取的政策措施具有较好的可行性和有效性. 相似文献
998.
用Micaps实时资料、CPAS卫星反演分析资料、NCEP再分析资料、ECMWF再分析资料,多普勒雷达PUP产品资料,对2015年12月1日夜间至2日凌晨沈阳地区罕见冬季降雨过程,进行了天气学分析、及大气微物理人工增雨作业条件分析,并结合沈阳地区人工增雨作业指标,得出本次降雨过程在厄尔尼诺正在发生的背景下,为常见的高空槽转东北冷涡型,水汽、动力等微物理作业条件也适合于开展人工增雨作业,并给出了相应的作业指导参数,为沈阳地区今后在冬季降雨天气过程中开展人工增雨作业积累了宝贵经验. 相似文献
999.
Laura Y. Sifuentes Sonia L. M. Fankem Kelly Reynolds Akrum H. Tamimi Charles P. Gerba David Koenig 《Food and environmental virology》2017,9(1):14-19
The purpose of this study was to validate the use of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for evaluating hygiene intervention effectiveness in reducing viral dissemination in an office environment. The bacterial virus MS-2 was used to evaluate two scenarios, one where the hand of an individual was contaminated and another where a fomite was contaminated. MS-2 was selected as a model because its shape and size are similar to many human pathogenic viruses. Two separate experiments were conducted, one in which the entrance door push plate was inoculated and the other in which the hand of one selected employee was inoculated. In both scenarios, 54 selected surfaces in the office were tested to assess the dissemination of the virus within the office. Associated surface contamination was also measured employing an ATP meter. More than half of the tested hands and surfaces in the office were contaminated with MS-2 within 4 h. Next, an intervention was conducted, and each scenario was repeated. Half of the participating employees were provided hand sanitizer, facial tissues, and disinfecting wipes, and were instructed in their use. A significant (p < 0.05) reduction was observed in the number of surfaces contaminated with virus. This reduction in viral spread was evident from the results of both viral culture and the surface ATP measurements, although there was no direct correlation between ATP measurements with respect to viral concentration. Although ATP does not measure viruses, these results demonstrate that ATP measurements could be useful for evaluating the effectiveness of hygiene interventions aimed at preventing viral spread in the workplace. 相似文献
1000.
Leena Maunula M. Rönnqvist R. Åberg J. Lunden M. Nevas 《Food and environmental virology》2017,9(3):358-359