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71.
Application of portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) for heavy metal analysis of soils in crop fields near abandoned mine sites 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Min Jang 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2010,32(3):207-216
To get representative soil samples, a sampling method was verified for crop fields in the vicinity of abandoned mine sites.
Application of appropriate sampling or analytical methods is very important as it affects the costs, time, and accuracy of
the refined investigation of soil contamination. Two-time sampling for each crop field was conducted to verify the reproducibility
of a zigzag method for soil sampling. The soil analysis using a portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) device was conducted to
measure concentrations of metal species in soils, and its results were compared to the extracted concentrations by the Korean
Standard Test (KST) for soils. As a result, the determination coefficient (R
2) of linear regression analysis for data obtained by ex situ precise measurement or in situ field screening using pXRF was
closely related with the ratio of the extracted concentration by KST to interference-free detection limits (IFDL) of pXRF
(designated as KST/IFDL). As the specific metal species had a higher ratio of KST/IFDL, its R
2 was even higher in the field screening tests. However, the slopes of linear regression analysis for most metal species extracted
by aqua-regia were close to 1.0 so that extracted concentrations by aqua-regia were similar to the analytical values obtained
by pXRF, whereas extraction using a weak acid (0.1 M HCl) had different slopes for soils contaminated with different ranges
of concentrations of metal species. Especially Zn showed not only high ratios of KST/IFDL because of aqua regia extraction,
but also high determination coefficients. Because of its simple, rapid, and accurate capacities for metal analysis, the pXRF
analysis showed high applicability in ex situ precise measurements or in situ field screening of metal analysis. In terms
of applicability for regulation, especially in situ pXRF field screening with the zigzag method could be effectively applied
to achieve an economical survey by determining hot spots or non-contaminated areas if aqua-regia was applied as the extracting
agent in the KST for soils. 相似文献
72.
Lee BT Ranville JF Wildeman TR Jang M Shim YS Ji WH Park HS Lee HJ 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2012,34(Z1):95-103
An initial reclamation of the Young Dong coal mine site, located in northeastern South Korea, was completed in 1995. Despite the filling of the adit with limestone, acid rock drainage (ARD) enters Young Dong tributary and is then discharged to Imgok Creek. This ARD carries an average of 500 mg CaCO(3)/l of mineral acidity, primarily as Fe(II) and Al. Before spring runoff, the flow of Imgok Creek is 3.3-4 times greater than that of the tributary and has an alkalinity of 100 mg CaCO(3)/l, which is sufficient to eliminate the mineral acidity and raise the pH to about 6.5. From April through September 2008, there were at least two periods of high surface flow that affects the flow of ARD from the adit. Flow of ARD reaches 2.8 m(3)/min during spring runoff. This raised the concentrations of Fe and Al in the confluence with Imgok Creek. However, by 2 km downstream the pH of the Imgok Creek is 6.5 and only dissolved Fe is above the Korean drinking water criteria (0.30 mg/l). This suggests only a minor impact of Young Dong Creek water on Imgok Creek. Acid digestion of the sediments in Imgok Creek and Young Dong Tributary reveals considerable abundances of heavy metals, which could have a long-term impact on water quality. However, several water-based leaching tests, which better simulate the bioavailable metals pool, released only Al, Fe, Mn, and Zn at concentrations exceeding the criteria for drinking water or aquatic life. 相似文献
73.
Soon-Ik Kwon Yeon-A Jang Gary Owens Min-Kyeong Kim Goo-Bok Jung Seung-Chang Hong Mi-Jin Chae Kwon-Rae Kim 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2014,36(3):409-419
The current study examined the anthropogenic accumulation and natural decrease in metal concentrations in agricultural soils following organic waste application. Three common organic wastes, including municipal sewage sludge, alcohol fermentation processing sludge, and pig manure compost (PMC), were applied annually to an agricultural soil under field conditions over 7 years (1994–2000) at a rate of 12.5, 25, and 50 ton ha?1 year?1 and the soil accumulation of three metals of concern (Cu, Pb, and Zn) was monitored. Subsequently, organic waste amendments ceased and the experimental plots were managed using conventional fertilization for another 10 years (2001–2010) and the natural decrease in metal concentrations monitored. Although Cu and Zn concentrations in all experimental plots did not exceed the relevant guideline values (150 mg kg?1 for Cu and 300 mg kg?1 for Zn), significant increases in metal concentrations were observed from cumulative application of organic wastes over 7 years. For instance, PMC treatment resulted in an increase in Cu and Zn from 9.8 and 72 mg kg?1 to 108.2 and 214.3 mg kg?1, respectively. In addition, the natural decrease in Cu and Zn was not significant as soils amended with PMC showed only a 16 and 19 % decline in Cu and Zn concentrations, respectively, even 10 years after amendment ceased. This research suggested that more attention must be paid during production of organic waste-based amendments and at the application stage. 相似文献
74.
Hyunhee Kim Yong-Chul Jang Yeonjung Hwang Youngjae Ko Hyunmyeong Yun 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2018,12(3):3
75.
Large-volume injection PTV-GC-MS analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in air and sediment samples 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Norlock FM Jang JK Zou Q Schoonover TM Li A 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2002,52(1):19-26
For the analysis of trace organic pollutants in environmental samples using a gas chromatographic (GC) instrument, large-volume injection using the programmable temperature vaporization (PTV) technique has many advantages over the traditional split/splitless injection. By increasing the injection volume from 1 or 2 microL with a split/splitless inlet to 60 microL or higher with the PTV inlet, analytical sensitivity is greatly enhanced for analytes with low concentrations. Results obtained from optimization of instrument operational parameters for analyzing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are reported in this paper. The laboratory method detection limits for 16 PAHs and six deuterated PAH surrogates were determined using seven replicate spike samples. The initial temperature of the inlet was found to be critical in determining the analytical sensitivity of PAHs with two or three rings due to loss of these relatively highly volatile compounds during solvent vaporization. For most PAHs, the response of the mass spectrometry detector increased proportionally as the total injected volume was increased up to 150 microL. Significant interference from rubber material of the sample vial septa was observed. 相似文献
76.
Cross‐cultural comparisons between the earthquake preparedness models of Taiwan and New Zealand 下载免费PDF全文
Taiwan and New Zealand are both located in the Pacific Rim where 81 per cent of the world's largest earthquakes occur. Effective programmes for increasing people's preparedness for these hazards are essential. This paper tests the applicability of the community engagement theory of hazard preparedness in two distinct cultural contexts. Structural equation modelling analysis provides support for this theory. The paper suggests that the close fit between theory and data that is achieved by excluding trust supports the theoretical prediction that familiarity with a hazard negates the need to trust external sources. The results demonstrate that the hazard preparedness theory is applicable to communities that have previously experienced earthquakes and are therefore familiar with the associated hazards and the need for earthquake preparedness. The paper also argues that cross‐cultural comparisons provide opportunities for collaborative research and learning as well as access to a wider range of potential earthquake risk management strategies. 相似文献
77.
大气汞污染模拟研究进展及控制策略优化方法 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
简评了国内外大气汞污染模拟相关研究情况,指出目前我国大气汞排放模拟及污染控制研究工作非常缺乏,严重影响了我国汞污染控制策略制定以及"汞环境外交纠纷"的积极应对;并据此建议应该对我国大气汞污染模拟及控制策略优化进行系统研究,其研究内容包括:汞排放清单的建立、大气汞的长程输送、响应面模型软件(response surfac... 相似文献
78.
Misoo Shin Dongsoon Jang Yongguk Lee Yongju Kim Eungyong Kim 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2017,19(2):754-762
Considering that a significant part of used refrigerants have to be destroyed in an environmentally friendly manner together with the high global warming potential (GWP) of HFCs (hydrofluorocarbons), the development of a proper incineration method of HFCs becomes one of the viable methods in the refrigeration and air-conditioning industry. To this end, in this study, the development of a comprehensive modeling of CHF3 (HFC-23 or R-23) incineration is made to assist in the proper design and determination of optimal operating condition of a practical HFCs incinerator, since the refrigerant of CHF3 is one of typical HFCs. For this, numerical investigation was performed by the development of a predictive model for the thermal destruction of the CHF3 using CH4–air flames in an incinerator designed for CDM (clean development mechanism) project. First of all, comparison between calculation and operation data was made to evaluate the program developed in this study. Numerical calculation of CHF3–CH4–air flame predicts successfully the operation data of a CDM incinerator such as temperature, CHF3 destruction rate more than 99.99 % and other species concentrations such as CO and NO at the exit of the incinerator. Further parametric study was performed also in terms of important variables such as excess air, amount of steam and incinerator size. In general, the results obtained appear physically acceptable and give a clear physical insight into the role of the important variables. Further work is strongly recommended for the development of a general turbulent reaction model for the thermal destruction of HFCs, especially for the condition of non-equilibrium turbulent reaction dominance. 相似文献
79.
Assessment of Wastewater Reuse Effects on Nutrient Loads from Paddy Field Using Field-Scale Water Quality Model 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sang Min Kim Sang June Im Seung Woo Park Jeong Jae Lee Brian L. Benham Tae Il Jang 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2008,13(2):305-313
CREAMS-PADDY, a modified version of the field-scale CREAMS model, simulates the hydrologic, sediment, and nutrient cycles
in paddy fields. The CREAMS-PADDY model was applied to estimate the effects of using wastewater for irrigation on nutrient
loads from paddy fields in Republic of Korea. The model was calibrated and validated using data from two rice paddy fields.
The coefficient of determination between observed and simulated total nitrogen and total phosphorus were 0.92 and 0.57, respectively,
for the calibration period and 0.84 and 0.73 for the validation period. Simulations showed that when using wastewater for
irrigation, the total nitrogen loads increased by 210% and total phosphorus by 1,270% when compared with conventional water
irrigation. The total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentration in the ponded water increased by 254 and 534%, respectively,
when compared with conventional water irrigation. The effect of reducing N and P fertilizer application rates by 10, 30, and
50% on nutrient loads exiting a paddy field were also simulated using the validated CREAMS-PADDY model. These simulations
indicated that total phosphorus loads from the paddy were reduced only slightly by reducing the fertilizer, while total nitrogen
loads were reduced by as much as 8.8, 16.6, and 24.4% when N ferlitizer rates were reduced by 10, 30, and 50%, respectively.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
80.
Jang CS 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(5):3063-3075
Owing to limited surface water during a long-term drought, this work attempted to locate clean and safe groundwater in the
Choushui River alluvial fan of Taiwan based on drinking-water quality standards. Because aquifers contained several pollutants,
multivariate indicator kriging (MVIK) was adopted to integrate the multiple pollutants in groundwater based on drinking- and
raw-water quality standards and to explore spatial uncertainty. According to probabilities estimated by MVIK, safe zones were
determined under four treatment conditions—no treatment; ammonium–N and iron removal; manganese and arsenic removal; and ammonium–N,
iron, manganese, and arsenic removal. The analyzed results reveal that groundwater in the study area is not appropriate for
drinking use without any treatments because of high ammonium–N, iron, manganese, and/or arsenic concentrations. After ammonium–N,
iron, manganese, and arsenic removed, about 81.9–94.9% of total areas can extract safe groundwater for drinking. The proximal-fan,
central mid-fan, southern mid-fan, and northern regions are the excellent locations to pump safe groundwater for drinking
after treatment. Deep aquifers of exceeding 200 m depth have wider regions to obtain excellent groundwater than shallow aquifers
do. 相似文献