Determination of aflatoxin-B1 in poultry feed and its components employing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

A highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay was standardized for aflatoxin B₁ determination in poultry feed and its components using Riedel-de-Haen, ELISA Systems_. A microtitration plate method was optimized using anti-aflatoxin B₁ antibodies and peroxidase – aflatoxin B₁ conjugate, based on competitive enzyme immunoassay principle. Standards of concentrations of 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500?ng/L aflatoxin B₁, prepared in phosphate-buffered saline, were used. Standard curves showed that as the concentration of antigen decreased, absorbance values increased. Fifty percent inhibition was observed at 37?ng/L. Regression analysis showed that log concentration was inversely related to %B/B₀, with a highly significant negative correlation (?0.980). The lowest detection limit for aflatoxin B₁ was 5?ng/L. Using this standardized ELISA, aflatoxin B₁ was detected in most of the commercially available poultry feed samples and their components.

The data suggest that this test is suitable for the accurate determination of aflatoxin B₁ concentrations in poultry feed and its components.     

Studies on the effects of some organic pollutants on the heavy metal transport in an Indian soil

The translocation of some heavy metals, such as Hg, Cd, Cu, Co, Ni and Zn, as affected by organic pollutants, i.e. methanol, ethanol, propanol, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, benzaldehyde, acetone, ethyl methyl ketone and cyclo-hexanone, was studied in an Indian red soil using soil thin layer chromatography. It was observed that an increase in the concentration of organic compounds in developer enhances the heavy metal mobility, except in the case of Cu and Hg which show a decreasing trend. The results are discussed in relation to the physico-chemical characteristics of the soil and adsorption/desorption phenomena.     

Monitoring of copper accumulation in water,soil, forage,and cows impacted by heavy automobiles in Sargodha,Pakistan

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The instant endeavor was undertaken to monitor copper (Cu) contents in water, soil, forage, and cow’s blood impacted by heavy automobiles in...     

Managerial policy and economic analysis of wind-generated renewable hydrogen for light-duty vehicles: Green solution of energy crises

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The unconventional energy sources like hydrogen energy have tremendous potential of filling the gap between economic growth and clean energy...     

Biomonitoring of heavy metals in the feathers of House crow (Corvus splendens) from some metropolitans of Asia and Africa

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Urban-dwelling birds can be useful biomonitors to assess the impact of the urbanisation on both public and wildlife health. Widely distributed urban...     

Assessing the Removal Efficiency of Murine Norovirus 1, Hepatitis A Virus,and Human Coronavirus 229E on Dish Surfaces Through General Wash Program of Household Dishwasher

Food and Environmental Virology - The performance of dishwashers in removing live viruses is an important informative value in practical applications. Since foodborne viruses are present in...     

Eriophorum angustifolium and Lolium perenne metabolic adaptations to metals- and metalloids-induced anomalies in the vicinity of a chemical industrial complex

As plants constitute the foundation of the food chain, concerns have been raised about the possibility of toxic concentrations of metals and metalloids being transported from plants to the higher food chain strata. In this perspective, the use of important phytotoxicity endpoints may be of utmost significance in assessing the hazardous nature of metals and metalloids and also in developing ecological soil screening levels. The current study aimed to investigate the role of glutathione (GSH) and its associated enzymes in the metabolic adaptation of two grass species namely Eriophorum angustifolium Honck. and Lolium perenne L. to metals and metalloids stress in the vicinity of a chemical industrial complex (Estarreja, Portugal). Soil and plant samples were collected from contaminated (C) and non-contaminated (reference, R) sites, respectively, near and away from the Estarreja Chemical Complex, Portugal. Soils (from 0 to 10 and 10 to 20 cm depths) were analyzed for pH, organic carbon, and metals and metalloids concentrations. Plant samples were processed fresh for physiological and biochemical estimations, while oven-dried plant samples were used for metals and metalloids determinations following standard methodologies. Both soils and plants from the industrial area exhibited differential concentrations of major metals and metalloids including As, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn. In particular, L. perenne shoot displayed significantly higher and lower concentrations of Pb and As, respectively at contaminated site (vs. E. angustifolium). Irrespective of sites, L. perenne shoot exhibited significantly higher total GSH pool, oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and oxidized protein (vs. E. angustifolium). Additionally, severe damages to photosynthetic pigments, proteins, cellular membrane integrity (in terms of electrolyte leakage), and lipid peroxidation were also perceptible in L. perenne shoot. Contrarily, irrespective of the sites, activities of catalase and GSH-regenerating enzyme, GSH reductase, and GSH-metabolizing enzymes such as GSH peroxidase and GSH sulfotransferase were significantly higher in shoot of E. angustifolium. Despite the higher total GSH content, L. perenne is vulnerable to multi-metals-induced stress in comparison to E. angustifolium as depicted by increased GSH- and protein oxidation, low reactive oxygen radical-processing potential (exhibited in terms of low catalase activity) and poor GSH pool utilization efficiency (in terms of lower GSH-associated enzymes activities). The outcome of the present study may be significant for understanding vital GSH-mediated metals and metalloids tolerance mechanisms in plants as well as their unsuitability for animal consumption due to higher metals and metalloids burdens.     

Cytotoxic and genotoxic evaluation of bisphenol S on onion root tips by Allium cepa and comet tests

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Bisphenol S (BPS) is an analog of bisphenol A, which is used as substitute of BPA in many products like airport luggage tags, baby bottles, plastics,...     

Proposed formulation of surface water quality and modelling using gene expression,machine learning,and regression techniques

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The rising water pollution from anthropogenic factors motivates further research in developing water quality predicting models. The available models...     

Impact of economic capabilities and population agglomeration on PM2.5 emission: empirical evidence from sub-Saharan African countries

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The utilization of economic capabilities to raise production in the economy enhances the industrial activities and use of transportation. These...