石化企业气体泄漏红外成像检测技术研究进展

介绍了气体泄漏红外成像检测技术的工作原理和分类,综述了国内外相关单位的研究进展,重点分析了国外公司对被动式红外成像检测技术的研究情况,并对技术的发展方向进行了展望。     

零价铁与微生物耦合修复地下水的研究进展

主要总结了零价铁与微生物耦合体系修复污染地下水的作用效能与机制,介绍了零价铁与微生物耦合体系中零价铁的和微生物的主要来源及特征,总结了该耦合技术对地下水中氯代烃、重金属以及硝酸盐的去除效能、作用机制以及产物,由于零价铁与微生物之间的协同作用,相较于单一体系,耦合体系对多种污染物的去除效率具有明显的优势,且耦合体系中污染物的去除产物更加无害化.此外,从材料本身与环境因子两个方面概述了零价铁与微生物耦合体系降解效率的影响因素,阐明了零价铁与微生物之间的交互作用机制.零价铁的毒性作用和刺激作用对微生物的生长与群落变化起到了重要作用,同时微生物的存在影响了零价铁的电子传递与钝化产物的构成.最后,提出了零价铁与微生物耦合体系的未来研究需求,总结了该技术的优势与不足,有利于该技术在地下水修复中的高效应用.     

恢复力视角下秦岭贫困山区乡村振兴潜力研究

恢复力概念为秦岭贫困山区乡村发展研究提供了新的视角,从恢复力视角研究乡村振兴潜力,对于提高贫困山区乡村内生发展动力、实现乡村有效振兴具有重要意义。以秦岭贫困山区商洛市为案例,在理论构建的基础上,建立贫困山区乡村恢复力评价体系测度恢复力指数,采用空间主成分分析法识别恢复力关键影响因素,据此提出三区县乡村振兴潜力类型分类。研究结果表明：（1）商洛市三个区县各镇办的恢复力指数呈集聚分布态势,恢复力整体上处于偏低水平状态。（2）环境因素、经济因素对乡村社区恢复力起到决定作用。（3）三区县乡村振兴潜力可分为四种类型：均衡发展潜力区、农业主导潜力区、农业旅游兼营潜力区和地理环境限制潜力区,根据其资源禀赋和现状发展条件提出针对性的乡村振兴策略。     

东北黑土区典型地域耕地生态退化时空分异——以富锦市为例

耕地生态退化严重威胁黑土区耕地的可持续利用,明确其时空分异规律是提高黑土耕地产能实现农业可持续发展的重要科学命题。以东北黑土区典型地域富锦市为研究区,立足于耕地外部扰动变化所引发的环境胁迫与生态恢复,利用遥感驱动的多源环境胁迫监测模型、改进的CRITIC模型、优化的InVEST模型,明确二者间的作用结果,揭示研究区2000—2020年耕地生态退化的时空分异规律。研究结果表明：（1）研究区耕地外源环境胁迫强度整体偏低,呈现出以东部、西部、北部高,中部、南部低为主基调的时空分异格局;（2）研究区耕地內源生态恢复强度高于胁迫强度,表现出以西部—东部—中部梯度衰减的时空分异格局;（3）研究区共有968.12 km²耕地发生生态退化,展现出以团块状集中分布在研究区东部和中部,零星分布在其他区域的空间分异格局。研究明晰了多源环境胁迫/多源生态恢复之间的交互效应,实现了各耕地图斑对多种环境胁迫力和生态恢复力的动态敏感度测算,进一步刻画出了生态退化过程,测度结果与现实耕地利用强度吻合,为准确诊断黑土区耕地生态退化提供了理论参考和技术支撑。     

河道型水库溶解甲烷浓度的空间异质性研究

以河道型水库-西北口水库为研究对象,于2021年12月采用新型快速水-气平衡装置（FaRAGE）结合温室气体分析仪对其表层水体,垂向剖面溶解甲烷（CH₄）浓度进行监测,并采集代表性河段表层水体及库底沉积物,分别测定水体CH₄氧化速率与沉积物CH₄释放速率,初步探讨了河道型水库溶解CH₄浓度的空间异质性及其影响因素.结果表明,水库表层水体溶解CH₄浓度为0.02~0.42μmol/L （平均值为0.11±0.08μmol/L）,从库首到库尾呈递增趋势;水体溶解CH₄浓度的空间异质性受水库内部CH₄产生,消耗及河道入流等多因素的综合作用,其中库尾水体因沉积物CH₄产生量大且低水深影响下CH₄消耗量较小而呈现高溶解浓度,库首水体则因为CH₄产生量相对较小且高水深影响下的CH₄消耗量较大而呈低溶解浓度;同时,河道入流可能是影响水体溶解CH₄浓度垂向分层的原因之一.     

Response of PM2.5-bound elemental species to emission variations and associated health risk assessment during the COVID-19 pandemic in a coastal megacity

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is disrupting the world from many aspects. In this study, the impact of emission variations on PM_2.5-bound elemental species and health risks associated to inhalation exposure has been analyzed based on real-time measurements at a remote coastal site in Shanghai during the pandemic. Most trace elemental species decreased significantly and displayed almost no diel peaks during the lockdown. After the lockdown, they rebounded rapidly, of which V and Ni even exceeded the levels before the lockdown, suggesting the recovery of both inland and shipping activities. Five sources were identified based on receptor modeling. Coal combustion accounted for more than 70% of the measured elemental concentrations before and during the lockdown. Shipping emissions, fugitive/mineral dust, and waste incineration all showed elevated contributions after the lockdown. The total non-carcinogenic risk (HQ) for the target elements exceeded the risk threshold for both children and adults with chloride as the predominant species contributing to HQ. Whereas, the total carcinogenic risk (TR) for adults was above the acceptable level and much higher than that for children. Waste incineration was the largest contributor to HQ, while manufacture processing and coal combustion were the main sources of TR. Lockdown control measures were beneficial for lowering the carcinogenic risk while unexpectedly increased the non-carcinogenic risk. From the perspective of health effects, priorities of control measures should be given to waste incineration, manufacture processing, and coal combustion. A balanced way should be reached between both lowering the levels of air pollutants and their health risks.     

Remediation of preservative ethylparaben in water using natural sphalerite: Kinetics and mechanisms

As a typical class of emerging organic contaminants(EOCs), the environmental transformation and abatement of preservative parabens have raised certain environmental concerns. However, the remediation of parabens-contaminated water using natural matrixes(such as, naturally abundant minerals) is not reported extensively in literature. In this study, the transformation kinetics and the mechanism of ethylparaben using natural sphalerite(NS) were investigated. The results show that around 63% of ethy...     

重庆市五大功能区差异化环境保护政策研究

5大功能区战略是重庆坚持主体功能区规划理念,优化人口、产业和城镇发展布局,实现全市资源配置最优化和整体功能最大化的重要举措。该战略的实施对环境管理提出了新的任务和要求,构建有利于促进5大功能区建设的配套环境保护政策意义重大且非常迫切。本文在全面分析各功能区生态环境压力、发展定位和环境保护目标的基础上,遵循"分类指导、分区推进"原则,构建了5大功能区差异化环境保护政策框架,突出了生态红线、环境准入、总量控制、环境标准、环境监管、环境经济政策、绩效考核7大政策在不同功能区的政策取向和实施重点,有利于发挥环境保护政策的激励和约束作用。