邻苯二甲酸二乙基己酯(DEHP)对马氏珠母贝(Pinctada martensi)血细胞免疫功能及氧化应激效应的影响

邻苯二甲酸二乙基己酯(DEHP)是一种持久性的有机污染物(POPs),具有潜在毒性、致癌性。选取马氏珠母贝(Pinctada martensi)为研究对象,研究DEHP对其血淋巴细胞免疫功能和脂质过氧化水平的影响。将成年马氏珠母贝暴露于不同浓度(0.5、2.0、8.0、16.0 mg·L-1)的DEHP中,暴露14 d后测定血细胞数目(THC)、吞噬能力(phagocytic activity)、细胞膜稳定性(cell membrane stability)、脂质过氧化程度(LPO)和总谷胱甘肽含量(T-GSH)的变化。结果显示,血细胞数目随DEHP浓度的升高而降低,呈明显的剂量-效应关系,最低可见效应浓度(LOEC)0.5 mg·L-1。细胞膜稳定性和吞噬活力均随DEHP浓度的升高,呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势,其LOEC值分别小于2和8 mg·L-1。细胞中丙二醛(MDA)含量随染毒浓度增加逐渐升高,在8 mg·L-1浓度组达到最高值,之后降低,与之相应的脂质过氧化水平也呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势,LOEC2 mg·L-1。8mg·L-1浓度组的总谷胱甘肽含量与对照组相比存在显著差异性(p0.05),LOEC8 mg·L-1。研究结果表明:DEHP染毒14 d对马氏珠母贝血淋巴细胞免疫功能有明显的影响,同时还会诱导机体产生氧化应激效应,在所测试的指标中,血细胞计数对DEHP的胁迫最敏感(LOEC0.5 mg·L-1),细胞膜稳定性和脂质过氧化水平的敏感性次之(LOEC2 mg·L-1)。     

Application of probabilistic risk assessment at a coking plant site contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Application of Probabilistic Risk Assessment （PRA） and Deterministic Risk Assessment （DRA） at a coking plant site was compared. By DRA, Hazard Quotient （HQ） following exposure to Naphthalene （Nap） and Incremental Life Cancer Risk （ILCR） following exposure to Benzo（a）pyrene （Bap） were 1.87 and 2.12 × 104. PRA revealed valuable information regarding the possible distribution of risk, and risk estimates of DRA located at the 99.59th and 99.76th percentiles in the risk outputs of PRA, which indicated that DRA overestimated the risk. Cleanup levels corresponding acceptable HQ level of 1 and ILCR level of 104 were also calculated for both DRA and PRA. Nap and Bap cleanup levels were 192.85 and 0.14mg.kg-1 by DRA, which would result in only 0.25% and 0.06% of the exposed population to have a risk higher than the acceptable risk, according to the outputs of PRA. The application of PRA on cleanup levels derivation would lift the cleanup levels 1.9 times for Nap and 2.4 times for Bap than which derived by DRA. For this coking plant site, the remediation scale and cost will be reduced in a large portion once the method of PRA is used. Sensitivity analysis was done by calculating the contribution to variance for each exposure parameter and it was found that contaminant concentration in the soil （Cs）, exposure duration （ED）, total hours spent outdoor per day （ETout）, soil ingestion rate （IRs）, the air breathing rate （IRa） and bodyweight （BW） were the most important parameters for risk and cleanup levels calculations.     

麻疯树小热激蛋白基因JcHSP15.9的原核表达及耐热胁迫

小热激蛋白(sHSPs)是植物在逆境条件下产生的一类具有分子伴侣活性的应激蛋白,本研究拟构建原核表达载体并表达具生物学活性的麻疯树小热激蛋白以进一步研究其功能及应用.从麻疯树胚乳cDNA文库中获得全长为652 bp的cDNA序列,包含一个426 bp的开放阅读框,编码分子量大小约为15 926.13的胞质Ⅰ型小热激蛋白,命名为JcHSP15.9.通过构建原核表达载体,得到BL21(DE3)plysS/pET32a-HSP重组菌株.用JcHSP15.9在大肠杆菌中的过量表达来研究它的耐热胁迫能力,发现在常温(37℃)下重组菌株与野生型菌株生长曲线基本相似,但在高温(50℃)下重组菌较对照组菌株存活率有了显著的提高,推测JcHSP15.9可能与麻疯树的耐热胁迫有关.通过镍亲和层析柱纯化得到纯度较高的JcHSP15.9蛋白,分子量大小与预期一致,蛋白条带单一清晰.     

水中苯挥发引起的热力学焓变过程

利用水槽试验对苯的挥发特性进行研究,在此基础上,通过数值计算探求苯在挥发过程中热力学因素焓的变化规律.结果表明,焓变的时空变化与浓度的时空变化密切相关.随挥发时间的增加,苯浓度下降,焓变的数值也越来越小;随水流下移,苯浓度峰值下移,焓变峰值的位置也不断下移;随着铅垂高度Y的增加,苯的扩散速度增大,焓变值不断减小;而在同一时刻,在宽度Z方向,焓变的数值曲线都呈阶梯性变化.     

Advances in LID BMPs research and practice for urban runoff control in China

China is at present experiencing a very rapid urbanization process, which has brought a number of adverse impacts upon the water environment. In particular, urban runoff quantity and quality control have emerged as one of the key concerns for municipal officials. One of the strategies being considered is the use of a Low Impact Development type of Best Management Practices (LID BMPs) for urban storm water runoff quantity and quality control. In this paper, the situation surrounding urban runoff control in China is reviewed first. Then the conventional strategy and technologies for the construction and management of urban drainage systems are discussed, while exploring their inherent dilemmas. The LID BMPs are then introduced to control urban runoff in the context of urban sustainable water systems. After the comprehensive analysis of the various LID BMPs, the advances in LID BMPs research and practice for urban runoff control in China are investigated and summarized. At last, the difficulties of implementing LID BMPs in China are discussed, and a direction for the future is proposed.     

磷酸盐改性方解石去除水中磷酸盐研究

使用磷酸盐溶液和方解石之间的反应得到方解石去除水中磷酸盐后的产物,即磷酸盐改性方解石,通过实验对比分析了方解石和磷酸盐改性方解石对水中磷酸盐的去除动力学,并考察了磷酸盐改性方解石去除水中磷酸盐的各种影响因素。磷酸盐改性方解石对水中磷酸盐的去除能力明显优于方解石。当反应时间为2h时,实验条件下磷酸盐改性方解石对水中磷的去除率达到72%,而方解石对磷的去除率仅为35%。当pH为5~7时,磷酸盐改性方解石对水中磷酸盐的去除能力较高;当pH由7增加到10 h,对磷酸盐的去除能力略微下降;当pH由10增加到12 h,对磷酸盐的去除能力急剧下降。磷酸盐改性方解石对水中磷酸盐的单位去除量随初始磷质量浓度的增加而增加。过高的初始磷质量浓度会导致磷酸盐改性方解石对水中磷酸盐的去除率过低。磷酸盐改性方解石对水中磷酸盐的去除能力随反应温度的升高而增加。磷酸盐改性方解石对水中磷酸盐的去除动力学可以较好地采用准二级动力学模型加以描述。水中共存的钙离子有利于磷酸盐改性方解石对磷酸盐的去除,而水中共存的碳酸氢根离子抑制了磷酸盐改性方解石对磷酸盐的去除。磷酸盐改性方解石去除水中磷酸盐的主要机制是磷酸钙沉淀作用。磷酸盐改性方解石不仅会为磷酸钙沉淀反应的异质成核提供核心,促进磷酸钙沉淀的形成,而且当水处于对方解石不饱和状态时会溶解释放出可溶性钙,为磷酸钙沉淀的形成提供钙源。上述结果表明,方解石去除水中磷酸盐后的产物可以被再次用于水中磷酸盐的去除,并且对磷酸盐的去除效果优于原始的方解石。     

Simultaneous analysis of five taste and odor compounds in surface water using solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

In this paper, a method using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed to simultaneously analyze five taste and odor compounds in surface water, i.e., 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB), 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA), 2-isopropyl-3-methoxy pyrazine (IPMP), 2-isobutyl-3-methoxy pyrazine (IBMP), and trans-1,10-dimethyl-trans-9-decalol (geosmin, GSM). The mass spectrometry was operated in selective ion monitoring (SIM) mode. Three kinds of SPE columns and three eluting solvents were compared, the C18 column was chosen as optimum SPE column, and methanol was chosen as the optimum eluting solvent. It was found that the method showed good linearity in the range of 1–200 ng·L^-1 and gave detection limits of 0.5–1.5 ng·L^-1 for individual compounds. Good recoveries (93.5%–108%) and relative standard deviations (1.58%–7.31%) were also obtained. Additionally, concentrations of these taste and odor compounds in Jinan’s surface and drinking water were analyzed by applying this method, and the results showed that GSM and 2-MIB were the dominant taste and odor compounds in Jinan’s raw water.     

综合污水处理厂处理工艺及布局的设计与优化

介绍了安钢综合污水处理厂根据工业废水的水质情况选择的工艺流程,经过优化工艺和布局设计扩大了绿化面积,达到了水质回用和绿化美化的效果,得到了较好的经济效益和环境效果。     

地震灾害紧急救援队优化救援装备配备分析

本文通过对汶川、日本大地震等国内外地震救援经验教训、地震灾害紧急救援队的任务性质、建筑物结构、废墟倒塌类型和环境影响因素的分析,提出了优化地震救援装备配备建议,以便有效的发挥地震救援装备的应用能力。     

护听器的特点、选用及其管理

护听器是一种保护听觉、使人免受噪声过度刺激的个体防护装备.为了预防在高噪声环境中的疲劳、听力损失或因此而可能导致的误操作和生产安全事故,工业企业噪声作业场所相关从业人员应配备适宜的护听器.全面了解护听器类个人防护用品的特点、正确掌握选用护听器类产品的原则和方法以及建立行之有效的管理体系是践行我国安全生产法、职业病防治法的重要环节.本文在简要分析护听器类产品的分类和特点的基础上,详细介绍了护听器的选择原则及如何选用护听器产品;最后讨论了护听器管理及人员培训的重要性.