人员密集旅游区综合风险定量评估技术研究

为解决人员密集旅游区事故频发问题,本文采用风险矩阵与层次分析法相结合的方法,对其进行定量风险评估研究.通过风险影响因素的辨识确定人员密集旅游区风险评估指标体系,并对风险矩阵评估方法进行改进,加入风险扩大因素——敏感性和风险控制减缓因素,再与层次分析法相结合,形成一个人员密集旅游区的综合性定量评估体系.以北京市八达岭长城人员密集旅游区为例验证本文改进的评估方法的合理性和有效性.结果表明:该人员密集旅游区从业人员的安全意识、应急能力比较强,但是在游客安全意识和技能、游客容量、应急演练和安全培训等方面的安全管理需进一步提高.实践证明此评估方法评估结果更符合实际情况.     

Characterization of disinfection byproduct formation potential in 13 source waters in China

The formation potential of four trihalomethanes (THMFP) and seven haloacetic acids (HAA7FP) in 13 source waters taken from four major water basin areas in China was evaluated using the simulated distribution system (SDS) chlorination method. The specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA254: the ratio of UV254 to dissolved organic carbon (DOC)), which ranged between 0.9 and 5.0 L/(mg m), showed that the organic compounds in di erent source waters exhibited di erent reactivities with chlorine. The HAA7FP of source waters ranged from 20 to 448 g/L and the THMFP ranged from 29 to 259 g/L. The HAA7FP concentrations were higher than the THMFP concentrations in all but one of the samples. Therefore, the risks of haloacetic acids (HAAs) should be of concern in some source waters. TCM (chloroform) and BDCM (bromodichloromethane) were the major THM constituents, while TCAA (trichloroacetic acid) and DCAA (dichloroacetic acid) were the major HAA species. Br-THM (brominated THM species) were much higher than Br- HAA (brominated HAA species), and the formation of Br-DBP (Br-THM and Br-HAA) should be of concern when the bromide concentration is over 100 g/L.     

Modification of CeO2-ZrO2 catalyst by potassium for NOx-assisted soot oxidation

Potassium-modified ceria-zirconia catalyst was synthesized by wetness impregnation method.The ageing treatment was performed in static air at 800°C for 20 hr to evaluate the thermal stability of the catalyst.The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction,BET surface area,oxygen storage capacity,NOx-temperature programmed desorption and soot-temperature programmed oxidation measurements.By introduction of potassium,the maximum soot oxidation rate temperature(Tm) of the ceria-zirconia based catalyst de...     

End-of-life vehicle recycling and international cooperation between Japan,China and Korea: Present and future scenario analysis

In the area of end-of-life vehicle (ELV) recycling, Japan passed the Automobile Recycling Law in January 2005, the first in Asia. Korea followed suit with the passage of the resource circulation method in 2009. China is expected make a new recycling law in 2011. In contribution to these initiatives, Tohoku University made a comparative analysis of ELV recycling laws, advance dismantling experiments and scenario analysis to promote international cooperation. This is envisioned to introduce ELV recycling system in Japan, China and Korea and in developing countries as well.     

基于ArcGIS Server ADF的流域水环境专题图研究

专题地图是流域水环境信息的良好表达形式和信息载体,文章运用地理信息系统二次开发软件-ArcGIS Server ADF研究并实现水环境专题图展示功能。通过流域水环境信息专题地图可以表达水环境监测评价结果,能将水环境质量的空间规律直观显示,实现水环境质量评价信息的可视化,并表示其动态变化和发展趋势,揭示发展规律,以供有关专家、决策者获取各类重要信息,进行环保政策的研究分析和决策。     

复合微生物絮凝剂产生菌XL1的优化条件

从活性污泥中筛选出4株产微生物絮凝剂的菌株,将4株菌进行相互复合培养后,发现1号和2号菌株构建的复合菌群（XL1）所产MBF的絮凝率达到65．5％。优化XLI的培养条件及其所产MBF的絮凝条件后,发现XL1在培养温度为35℃、摇床转速为160rpm、培养基初始pH为8．0、菌液用量为15ml／L、种子液接种量为10ml／L、1％CaCl,溶液用量为40ml／L、高岭土悬浮液pH为4．5、静沉时间为12min等的条件下絮凝率可达到92．5％。16S rDNA测序鉴定1号菌属于沙雷菌属（Serratia）,2号菌属于芽孢杆菌菌属（Bacillus）。     

内蒙古清洁发展机制（CDM）项目现状分析及对策

清洁发展机制（Clean Development Mechanism,简称CDM）是《京都议定书》规定的3种温室气体减排途径之一,也是发展中国家唯一的参与温室气体减排的机制。本文以我国现阶段CDM项目发展现状为背景,具体针对内蒙古CDM项目现状及存在的问题（截至2010年9月7日）展开分析,提出内蒙古发展CDM项目的解决对策。     

露天煤矿排土场的复垦研究

露天煤矿的开采对矿区生态环境造成了严重破坏,特别是大量剥离物形成的排土场,占用了大量的土地资源。生态恢复作为一项有效的采矿废弃地治理措施,随着采矿业的发展成为这一领域研究的重点。露天煤矿排土场的复垦对于改善矿区生态环境意义重大。本文介绍了露天矿排土场对环境的影响和排土场复垦治理技术,研究了某露天煤矿排土场的复垦现状、复垦方式与效果,提出了矿区排土场生态恢复的建议。     

基于未确知测度模型的生态系统健康评价

文章基于未确知测度模型对城市健康水平进行评价分析,建立以人群健康、城市福祉、人居健康、环境健康、生境健康和环境影响六大要素评价指标体系,通过建立多指标综合测度矩阵,对包头市2001-2005年评价样本进行宏观分析,得出城市的发展建设过程中存在的问题,并提出改善城市生态系统健康水平对策。     

河套地区湿地植被特征及水体净化潜力

农田退水中N、P含量的超标对黄河造成的污染已经日益严重。利用植被处理污水已成为当今社会的热点。本研究在调查河套地区湿地植物资源的基础上,探讨湿地植被生产力和多样性与水质净化功能的关系。结果显示：（1）河套地区湿地植被的物种比较单调,但优势物种的初级生产能力很高;（2）湿地优势群落芦苇的再生性很低,不适合于多次收割利用;（3）春季焚烧处理可以清除植被残茬,促进芦苇的生长和营养物质积累,是一种值得推广的管理方式;（4）通过对湿地植被的合理利用每年可以带走113.46kg/hm2的N和17.08kg/hm2的P,大大减轻河套灌区的污染负荷。