Farming practices and deficit irrigation management improve winter wheat crop water productivity and biomass through mitigated greenhouse gas intensity under semi-arid regions

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Understanding the greenhouse gas emissions mechanism from the agricultural soils is essential to reach an agricultural system with a lower impact on...     

Chicken-sized oviraptorid dinosaurs from central China and their ontogenetic implications

Oviraptorids are a group of specialized non-avian theropod dinosaurs that were generally one to 8 m in body length. New specimens of baby oviraptorids from the Late Cretaceous of Henan Province are some of the smallest individuals known. They include diagnostic characters such as the relative position of the antorbital fenestra and the external naris, distinct opening in the premaxilla anteroventral to the external naris, antorbital fossa partly bordered by premaxilla posterodorsally, lacrimal process of premaxilla does not contact the anterodorsal process of the lacrimal, parietal almost as long as frontal; in dorsal view, posterior margin forms a straight line between the postzygapophyses in each of the fourth and fifth cervicals; femur longer than ilium. They also elucidate the ontogenetic processes of oviraptorids, including fusion of cranial elements and changes in relative body proportions. Hind limb proportions are constant in oviraptorids, regardless of absolute body size or ontogenetic stage. This suggests a sedentary lifestyle that did not involve the pursuit of similar-sized prey. The functional implications for bite force and therefore dietary preferences are better understood through the study of such small animals. The comparison of the measurements of 115 skeletons indicates that oviraptorids maintain their hind limb proportions regardless of ontogenetic stage or absolute size, which is a pattern seen more commonly in herbivores than in carnivores. This may weakly support the hypothesis that oviraptorids are herbivores rather than active carnivores.     

Effect of denitrifying bacteria on the electrochemical reaction of activated carbon fiber in electrochemical biofilm system

An electrochemical-activated denitrifying biofilm system consisting of activated carbon fiber electrodes immobilized with denitrifying bacteria film as cathode was studied. A revised model for an electrochemical-activated denitrifying biofilm was developed and validated by electrochemical analysis of cathodal polarization curves and nitrate consumption rate. The cathodal polarization curve and nitrate consumption rate were introduced to verify the rate of electrochemical reaction and the activity of denitrifying bacteria, respectively. It was shown that the denitrification process effectively strengthened the electrochemical reaction while the electron also intensified denitrification activity. Electron was transferred between electrochemical process and biological process not only by hydrogen molecule but also by new produced active hydrogen atom. Additionally, a parameter of apparent exchange current density was deprived from the cathodal polarization curve with high overpotential, and a new bio-effect current density was defined through statistical analysis, which was linearly dependent to the activity of denitrification bacteria. Activated carbon fiber (ACF) electrode was also found to be more suitable to the electrochemical denitrifying system compared with graphite and platinum. Translated from Environmental Pollution & Control, 2005, 27(7): 501–504 [译自: 环境污染与防治]     

环境管理政策的选择分析

环境管理政策的选择是一项复杂的决策过程 ,本文拟就环境管理政策的一般原理和基本过程进行阐述。一是对环境政策、环境管理政策的选择空间进行界定 ,对环境管理政策的选择进行分析 ;二是提出环境管理政策的选择原理和评判准则 ;三是对环境管理政策选择的可操作过程进行分析和论述。并由此得出 :环境管理政策的选择应在考虑具体的外部因素以及内部因素的基础上的政策择优 ,有效的环境管理政策的选择应该是给定约束条件下的管制手段、经济手段和劝说手段的恰当组合。     

陇东,陕北,晋西地区水平梯田的减灾作用

本文阐述了陇东、陕北、晋西地区坡耕地产生剧烈水土流失危害及其成因，提出了防治对策：把坡耕地修成水平梯田，可以有效地保水、保土、保肥，增强抗旱能力，对于改善当地生产条件和发展农村经济，具有战略意义。     

浅议啤酒项目环境影响评价中的公众参与

对啤酒项目环境影响评价中公众参与的法律依据、公众参与的方式、公众参与实际执行过程中应注意和存在的问题进行了较为详细的探讨。     

有机废水处理中复极固定床电解槽的研究进展

在分析中 ,结合了近年来关于三维电极等应用技术以及复极固定床电解槽 (BPBC)水处理技术的研究文献 ,概括了BPBC的特点、基本原理以及有机废水处理的应用现状 ,并提出了目前复极固定床电解槽的研究中存在的问题及今后的研究发展方向     

五孔测针标定曲线数学模型的计算机控制

由于三维流场测试工作及计算量繁重 ,采用传感技术实现三维流场的自动测试 ,计算机选出最优拟合曲线与实测数据相比较 ,因而达到测试三维流场风流目的。利用回归分析原理 ,将感压元件五孔测针的一系列标定曲线建立了相应的数学模型 ,采用MATLAB语言 ,实现了对标定曲线的拟合 ,用PLOT函数实现了对拟合标定曲线的自动绘制。同时考虑高次多项式 (拟合次数n >10 )易出现振荡的特点 ,故在拟合次数n从 1～ 10可能拟合多项式中 ,选出最优多项式。通过数学模型的应用实现了由计算机控制 ,从而为有效利用传感技术对三维流场的自动化测试提供了可能性。     

Stable-isotope probing of bacterial community for dissolved inorganic carbon utilization in Microcystis aeruginosa-dominated eutrophic water

Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) is an important source of carbon in aquatic ecosystems, especially under conditions of increased frequency of cyanobacterial bloom. However, the importance of bacteria in direct or indirect utilization of DIC has been widely overlooked in eutrophic freshwater. To identify the functional bacteria that can actively utilize DIC in eutrophic freshwater during cyanobacterial bloom, stable-isotope probing (SIP) experiments were conducted on eutrophic river water with or without inoculation with cyanobacteria (Microcystis aeruginosa). Our 16S rRNA sequencing results revealed the significance of Betaproteobacteria, with similar relative abundance as Alphaproteobacteria, in the active assimilation of H¹³CO₃^? into their DNA directly or indirectly, which include autotrophic genera Betaproteobacterial ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. Other bacterial groups containing autotrophic members, e.g. Planctomycetes and Nitrospira, also presented higher abundance among free-living bacteria in water without cyanobacteria. Microcystis aggregates showed a preference for some specific bacterial members that may utilize H¹³CO₃^? metabolized by Microcystis as organic matter, e.g. Bacteroidetes (Cytophagales, Sphingobacteriales), and microcystin-degrading bacteria Betaproteobacteria (Paucibacter/Burkholderiaceae). This study provides some valuable information regarding the functional bacteria that can actively utilize DIC in eutrophic freshwater.     

垃圾处理园区周边土壤-地下水重金属分布特征

测定并分析生活垃圾综合处理园区周边剖面土壤-地下水中重金属（Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn、As、Cd和Hg）的含量结果表明,在土壤水的对流、扩散作用下重金属在各点位土壤剖面中均存在明显的纵向迁移现象,同时土壤介质的吸附、拦截等阻滞作用导致重金属主要富集于150~200cm中层土壤中.该区域土壤中重金属虽有积累但尚未超标,垃圾焚烧飞灰沉降导致上游点位土壤中重金属含量高于另外两个距离更近的下游点位;而园区邻近地下水中Zn、Ni含量相对其他远距离点位明显增加,且Zn含量超出了地下水质量标准,推测是由垃圾渗滤液下渗的影响所致.借助高通量测序手段分析发现,不同深度土壤及地下水之间的微生物群落结构存在显著差异（p<0.01）,由于还存在其他土壤环境要素的作用,土壤中大部分微生物群落受重金属影响较小,而地下水中微生物群落明显受到垃圾渗滤液中重金属Zn、Ni富集的影响.本研究可为垃圾综合处理园区的土壤-地下水系统污染风险评估奠定基础,为其环境安全管理提供科学指导.