Complete oxidation of methane on Co3O4-SnO2 catalysts

Co₃O₄-SnO₂ hybrid oxides were prepared by the coprecipitation method and were used to oxidate methane (CH₄) in presence of oxygen. The Co₃O₄-SnO₂ with a molar ratio of Co/(Co + Sn) at 0.75 exhibited the highest catalytic activity among all the Co₃O₄-SnO₂ hybrid oxides. Experimental results showed that the catalysts were considerably stable in the CH₄ combustion reaction, and were verified by X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS). It was found that Co₃O₄ was the active species, and SnO₂ acted as a support or a promoting component in the Co₃O₄-SnO₂ hybrid oxides. The surface area was not a major factor that affected catalytic activity. The hydrogen temperatureprogrammed reduction (H₂-TPR) results demonstrated that the interaction between cobalt and tin oxides accelerated the mobility of oxygen species of Co₃O₄-SnO₂, leading to higher catalytic activity.     

蛭石吸附及解吸锌离子特性研究

用蛭石对锌离子的吸附解吸进行了实验研究,初步探讨了其对锌离子吸附解吸的机理。研究结果表明：蛭石对Zn^2＋具有较强的吸附能力,吸附在8h左右接近平衡。随着锌离子浓度的增加,蛭石的吸附量也在逐渐增加,当锌离子浓度达到400mg／L时,吸附量趋于平稳。在完成吸附实验的基础上,分别采用过滤和取上清液的方法解吸,实验证明静置平衡后,取出上清液50ml,再加入50ml解吸剂的方法解吸效果较好;解吸时间在0h到12h,蛭石的解吸量呈现递增的趋势,且达到1．070mg／g;在12h到48h内,解吸量基本没有增加,其中在24h时达到最大解吸量1．074mg／g。不同的解吸剂对蛭石解吸锌离子影响效果不同：蒸馏水不能使锌离子解吸;K^＋的影响作用相对于Na^＋更明显,随着两种阳离子浓度的增加,蛭石的解吸量逐渐增加。     

剩余污泥处理含铬(VI)废水研究

针对某城市污水处理厂剩余污泥,从pH值、吸附时间、污泥投加量、温度、铬(VI)浓度等方面研究了剩余污泥吸附剂对含铬(VI)废水的生物吸附性能.研究结果表明:废水的pH值是影响剩余污泥吸附铬(VI)的重要因素,适宜pH值为1.0～2.0;吸附是一个快速过程,适宜吸附时间为30 min;在pH值为1.0,污泥投加量为8g/L,30℃吸附30min,对50mg/L铬(VI)废水的去除率可达99.65%;在20～60℃污泥吸附不受温度影响;用Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附模型描述了污泥对铬(VI)的吸附结果;通过扫描电子显微傲能谱仪(SEM/EDS)分析,吸附前后污泥的形貌变化不明显,元素含量发生变化.     

温度对膜生物反应器运行特性及膜污染的影响

温度对膜生物反应器（MBR）污染物去除效果和膜污染速率都有很大的影响。采用两套相同的MBR蓑置在冬季运行,其中一套维持20℃的恒温,另一套水温与周围环境相同。对两套装置处理效果及膜污染速率进行对比,并通过反应器中溶解性微生物产物（SMF）、胞外聚合物（EPS）含量、污泥粒径分布扣膜面污染物的比较,分析温度对MBR运行的影响。研究结果表明膜对污染物的截留能有效补偿低温时微生物作用的不足,因此低温对出水水质并没有显著的影响。此外,低温时虽然SMP和EPS的释放增加,但并没有引起膜污来的加剧。相反地,低温时污泥粒径较高温时小,而粒径较大的颗粒更易沉积于膜表面,因此低温时膜面固体物质含量较低,膜污染速率反而比高温时低。     

关于多氯联苯测定的探讨

对PCB测定中所使用的kroclor和单体标准品的区别、联系和使用进行了分析阐述,并对PCB测定中的气相色谱法、气相色谱质谱联用法、生物分析法、免疫分析法的优点、局限性进行了比较.同时对今后的PCB的测定提出了建议.     

未确知测度模型在污水处理厂评价中的应用

污水处理厂的运行管理效果涉及到污水处理厂的处理水量、水质和能耗等诸多项指标,是多指标综合评价问题。文中将未确知测度综合评价模型应用于污水处理厂运行效果评价中。鉴于在多指标识别问题中,专家难以凭借个人经验确定客观型指标权重,文中采用了信息论中熵的概念来确定评价指标权重,使评价结果更加客观合理。未确知测度模型对评价空间实现了有序分割,提高了分辨率,评价效果可靠,是一种实用模型。     

European scale application of atmospheric reactive nitrogen measurements in a low-cost approach to infer dry deposition fluxes

A European scale network was established in 2006 as part of the NitroEurope Integrated Project to infer reactive nitrogen (Nr) dry deposition fluxes, based on low-cost sampling of gaseous and aerosol species and inferential modelling. The network provides monthly measurements of NH₃, NH₄⁺, HNO₃ and NO₃⁻, as well as SO₂, SO₄²⁻, HCl, Cl⁻ and base cations at 58 sites. Measurements are made with an established low-cost denuder methodology (DELTA) as a basis to: (1) examine temporal trends and spatial patterns across Europe, (2) improve and calibrate inferential modelling techniques to estimate exchange of Nr species, (3) provide best estimates of atmospheric dry N deposition, and (4) permit an analysis of net GHG exchange in relation to atmospheric and agricultural N inputs at the European scale. Responsibility for measurements is shared among seven European laboratories. An inter-comparison of the DELTA implementation by 6 laboratories at 4 test sites (Montelibretti, Italy; Braunschweig, Germany; Paterna, Spain and Auchencorth, UK) from July to October 2006 provided training for the laboratories and showed that good agreement was achieved in different climatic conditions (87% of laboratory site-means within 20% of the inter-laboratory median). Results obtained from the first year of measurements show substantial spatial variability in atmospheric Nr concentrations, illustrating the major local (NH₃) and regional (HNO₃, NO₃⁻, and NH₄⁺) differences in Nr concentrations. These results provide the basis to develop future estimates of site-based Nr dry deposition fluxes across Europe, and highlight the role of NH₃, largely of agricultural origin, which was the largest single constituent and will dominate dry Nr fluxes at most sites.     

MMEM理论在安全生产中的应用

石油化工行业是“高危”行业,具有连续性强、高温高压、易燃易爆、有毒有害的特点,一旦发生事故,会给国家和人民的生命财产造成重大损失。因此,如何保证安全生产,防患于未然,成为该行业亟待解决的课题。本文根据MMEM理论指出了生产过程中存在的危险、有害因素,并提出了相应的措施,控制或消除不安全因素,预防事故发生。     

Mechanism of Deca-BDE-induced apoptosis in Neuro-2a cells: Role of death-receptor pathway and reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrial pathway

Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) is a prevalent polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congener known to have neurotoxicity. Effects of BDE-209 on Neuro-2a cells were performed in the present study and the possible apoptotic pathway was discussed. Results indicated that BDE-209 induced Neuro-2a cell apoptosis, increased the protein expression of Fas and Fas-associated death domain-containing protein (FADD) and activated the caspase-8 and -3 activities in a concentration-dependent manner, inferring the death-receptor pathway was involved in the apoptotic process. Meanwhile, BDE-209 exposure increased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and decreased the cellular mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) which led to cytochrome C released to the cytoplasm. The intracellular caspase-9 was elevated simultaneously, which caused downstream caspase cascade and triggered cell apoptosis. Moreover, BDE-209 exposure increased cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in a concentration-dependent manner and the addition of N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), known as ROS scavengers, obviously reduced the apoptotic rate and a positive relationship was observed between the degree of apoptosis blocking and the loss of MMP and ROS production. We thus concluded that BDE-209 induced Neuro-2a cell apoptosis via the combination of the death-receptor signaling pathway and the mitochondrial signaling pathway. The elevated ROS production was considered to magnify the intracellular apoptosis signal and played a crucial role in apoptosis of Neuro-2a cells induced by BDE-209.     

洪湖、梁子湖水体富营养化研究

2015年3月对洪湖、梁子湖进行了水质监测。依据实测数据,结合洪湖湿地自然保护区和梁子湖林业局监测数据和文献数据,采用综合营养状态指数法对洪湖、梁子湖的富营养化状态进行评价;并根据各因子在综合营养状态指数中所占比重和地表水水质标准,对各因子做了比较。结果表明:洪湖、梁子湖综合营养状态指数分别为57.2、42.5。即洪湖为轻度富营养、梁子湖为中营养;各因子对洪湖、梁子湖富营养化的贡献大致相同,即Chla为首,TP、COD_(Mn)和SD次之、TN最后。