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691.
692.
基于气候变化的干旱脆弱性评价——以青海东部为例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于青海东部农业区22个县区的20个气象、农业、社会经济统计指标,利用层次分析法和等级化等数学分析方法,分别进行了暴露性、敏感性和适应性的评价,再通过分析承险体的内在脆弱性,将气候变化和内在脆弱性进行综合分析,得到了青海东部干旱脆弱性等级。结果表明:在目前全球变暖背景下,干旱脆弱性最高的是民和、化隆,较高的是城中、城北区、湟中、大通等四县区,门源、互助、同仁、同德的干旱脆弱性中等。在此基础上,提出了强化旱灾的风险管理模式、倡导节约型水资源开发利用模式等干旱防范措施。 相似文献
693.
微波诱导鳞片石墨-H2O2催化氧化处理甲基紫废水 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究微波诱导鳞片石墨-H2O2催化氧化处理甲基紫废水工艺,探讨各种因素的协同作用及对废水脱色效果的影响,并采用SEM、EDX、XRD和FTIR对新鲜及使用6次后的鳞片石墨进行表征。结果表明,微波诱导鳞片石墨-H2O2能高效快速降解废水中的甲基紫;在50mL初始pH为3,质量浓度为10mg/L的甲基紫废水中,H2O2用量1mL/L,鳞片石墨3g/L,微波输出功率259W,微波辐射时间9min的最佳处理工艺条件下,甲基紫脱色率达到了98.80%;微波、鳞片石墨、H2O2体系对甲基紫废水降解效果明显,产生协同效应。紫外-可见光谱分析表明,废水中甲基紫结构被破坏,但仍含有少量苯环等小分子。动力学研究表明,脱色反应符合一级反应动力学规律,反应速率常数^为0.42613min^-1,反应半衰期t。为1.626min。 相似文献
694.
Bin Guo Lipeng Gong Renping Liu Ailing Ren Jing Han 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(4):485-488
A hybrid selective noncatalytic reduction/selective catalytic reduction (SNCR/SCR) system that uses two types of technology, low-temperature SCR process and SNCR process, was designed to develop nitrogen oxide (NOx) reduction technology. SCR was conducted with space velocity (SV) = 2400 hr?1 and hybrid SNCR/SCR with SV = 6000 hr?1, since the study focused on reducing the amount of catalyst and both achieved 98% NOx reduction efficiency. Characteristics of NOx reduction by NH3 were studied for low-temperature SCR system at 150 °C using Mn-V2O5/TiO2 catalyst. Mn-added V2O5/TiO2 catalyst was produced, and selective catalyst reduction of NOx by NH3 was experimented. NOx reduction rate according to added Mn content in Mn-V2O5/TiO2 catalyst was studied with varying conditions of reaction temperature, normalized stoichiometric ratio (NSR), SV, and O2 concentration. In the catalyst experiment according to V2O5 concentration, 1 wt.% V2O5 catalyst showed the highest NOx reduction rate: 98% reduction at temperature window of 200~250 °C. As a promoter of the V2O5 catalyst, 5 wt.% Mn was added, and the catalyst showed 47~90% higher efficiency even with low temperatures, 100~200 °C. Mn-V2O5/TiO2 catalyst, prepared by adding 5 wt.% Mn in V2O5/TiO2 catalyst, showed increments of catalyst activation at 150 °C as well as NOx reduction. Mn-V2O5/TiO2 catalyst showed 8% higher rate for NOx reduction compared with V2O5/TiO2 catalyst in 150 °C SCR. Thus, (5 wt.%)Mn-(1 wt.%)V2O5/TiO2 catalyst was applied in SCR of hybrid SNCR/SCR system of low temperature at 150 °C. Low-temperature SCR hybrid SNCR/SCR (150 °C) system and hybrid SNCR/SCR (350 °C) showed 91~95% total reduction rate with conditions of SV = 2400~6000 hr?1 SCR and 850~1050 °C SNCR, NSR = 1.5~2.0, and 5% O2. Hybrid SNCR/SCR (150 °C) system proved to be more effective than the hybrid SNCR/SCR (350 °C) system at low temperature.Implications:?NOx control is very important, since they are the part of greenhouse gases as well as the cause of acid rain and ozone hole. A technology, so-called hybrid SNCR/SCR process, was tested using Mn-V2O5/TiO2 monolithic catalyst for NOx reduction, and the method is promising. The results of this study would provide some ideas to parties such as policy makers, environmental engineers, and so on. 相似文献
695.
Jae Han Cho Yujin Eom 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(10):1208-1213
A previously proposed technology incorporating TiO2 into common household fluorescent lighting was further tested for its Hg0 removal capability in a simulated flue-gas system. The flue gas is simulated by the addition of O2, SO2, HCl, NO, H2O, and Hg0, which are frequently found in combustion facilities such as waste incinerators and coal-fired power plants. In the O2 + N2 + Hg0 environment, a Hg0 removal efficiency (ηHg) greater than 95% was achieved. Despite the tendency for ηHg to decrease with increasing SO2 and HCl, no significant drop was observed at the tested level (SO2: 5–300 ppmv, HCl: 30–120 ppmv). In terms of NO and moisture, a significant negative effect on ηHg was observed for both factors. NO eliminated the OH radical on the TiO2 surface, whereas water vapor caused either the occupation of active sites available to Hg0 or the reduction of Hg0 by free electron. However, the negative effect of NO was minimized (ηHg > 90%) by increasing the residence time in the photochemical reactor. The moisture effect can be avoided by installing a water trap before the flue gas enters the Hg0 removal system.
Implications: This paper reports a novel technology for a removal of gas-phase elemental mercury (Hg0) from a simulated flue gas using TiO2-coated glass beads under a low-cost, easily maintainable household fluorescent light instead of ultraviolet (UV) light. In this study, the effects of individual chemical species (O2, SO2, HCl, NO, and water vapor) on the performance of the proposed technology for Hg0 removal are investigated. The result suggests that the proposed technology can be highly effective, even in real combustion environments such as waste incinerators and coal-fired power plants. 相似文献
696.
Min Chan Kim Han S. Kim 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(4):2362-2371
Microwave (MW) irradiation, a less energy-intensive irradiation technique, was employed to promote the changes in physicochemical properties of soil organic matter (SOM). MW was irradiated to forest soils for 10 min. Then, the physical and chemical properties of the SOM were analyzed with UV absorbance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and size exclusion chromatography. Also, the SOM was fractionated into biopolymer, fulvic acid, and humic acid, and each fraction was analyzed quantitatively. These analyses revealed that the SOM became more aromatic and nonpolar, highly condensed, and macromolecular organic substances that possess a higher amount of functional groups found in highly humified substances than the original SOM as a result of the MW irradiation. The humification-like alteration of SOM property was attributable to the thermal cracking and to the radical reaction, particularly when the MW was irradiated along with activated carbon under the aerobic condition. The results of this study suggest that the artificial and enhanced property changes of SOM can be accomplished by MW irradiation on an engineering time scale, which can contribute to the successful soil and groundwater remediation practice. 相似文献
697.
采用自制木粉/壳聚糖接枝丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺吸附树脂R1、R2、R3对二元金属离子Cu2+/Pb2+和Zn2+/Pb2+溶液中的吸附性能进行了较系统考察。Pb2+离子溶液中存在竞争离子Cu2+、Zn2+时,随竞争离子浓度增加,3种吸附树脂R1、R2、R3对Pb2+的吸附量明显下降,而竞争离子吸附量显著增加。二元溶液中各金属离子浓度相同时,3种树脂对竞争离子Cu2+、Zn2+的吸附量大于对Pb2+的吸附量;各溶液中分别加入NaCl及NaNO3、尿素后,对Pb2+离子的吸附量下降迅速。随吸附树脂用量增加,竞争离子Cu2+、Zn2+的吸附量逐渐减小,Pb2+的吸附量在吸附树脂用量0.10 g/L(Zn2+/Pb2+溶液)或0.15 g/L(Cu2+/Pb2+溶液)时出现最大值。溶液pH值对树脂吸附性能有显著影响。3.0 相似文献
698.
Trichosporon mycotoxinivorans XPY-10是一株分离自抗生素制药厂的高效四环素降解酵母菌。为了建立该菌株降解四环素的适宜条件,分别研究了碳源、有机氮源、金属离子等营养物质及初始底物浓度、接种量、pH、温度、装液量、摇床转速等理化因素对菌体生长及四环素降解效率的影响。结果表明,菌株XPY-10生长的最适碳源和氮源分别为蔗糖和蛋白胨。在含有0.05% FeSO4的培养基中,菌株XPY-10降解四环素的适宜条件为:接种量2%,pH 8,温度34℃,装液量100 mL(250 mL 三角瓶),摇床转速180 r/min。在此条件下,菌株XPY-10在7 d内对初始浓度为600 mg/L的四环素降解率为83.63%。本菌株对养殖废水及制药废水中四环素的污染治理有一定的应用前景。 相似文献
699.
Feng Han Wenfeng Li Fei Yu Zhaojie Cui 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(9):5810-5817
Substance flow analysis (SFA) is applied to a case study of chlorine metabolism in a chlor-alkali industrial chain. A chain-level SFA model is constructed, and eight indices are proposed to analyze and evaluate the metabolic status of elemental chlorine. The primary objectives of this study are to identify low-efficiency links in production processes and to find ways to improve the operational performance of the industrial chain. Five-year in-depth data collection and analysis revealed that system production efficiency and source efficiency continued increasing since 2008, i.e., when the chain was first formed, at average annual growth rates of 21.01 % and 1.01 %, respectively. In 2011, 64.15 % of the total chlorine input was transformed into final products. That is, as high as 98.50 % of the chlorine inputs were utilized when other by-products were counted. Chlorine loss occurred mostly in the form of chloride ions in wastewater, and the system loss rate was 0.54 %. The metabolic efficiency of chlorine in this case was high, and the chain system had minimal impact on the environment. However, from the perspectives of processing depth and economic output, the case study of a chlor-alkali industrial chain still requires expansion. 相似文献
700.
采用共沉淀法制备了一种新型催化剂——铁铈钛复合氧化物催化剂,研究了Fe掺加量、体积空速以及H2O和SO2的加入对其选择性催化还原NO性能的影响;采用XRD和SEM等手段对催化剂的结构和形貌进行了表征。表征结果显示,Fe的掺加使催化剂表面的颗粒更均匀,提高了催化剂的分散度。实验结果表明:以Ce(NO3)3,Fe(NO3)3?9H2O,TiOSO4?2H2O为原料、按n(Ce)∶n(Fe)∶n(Ti)=0.2∶0.8∶1配比制得的Ce0.2Fe0.8TiOx为催化剂,在反应温度250 ℃、反应时间3 h、体积空速25 000 h-1的条件下,NO去除率为99.8%,N2选择性为100%;Fe的掺加显著提高了Ce0.2Fe0.8TiOx催化剂的抗H2O和SO2的能力。 相似文献