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491.
通过水溶液聚合法制备了聚丙烯酸水凝胶(polyacrylic acid,PAA),研究了溶液酸碱度和温度对聚丙烯酸水凝胶吸附氯化1-丁基3-甲基咪唑离子液体的影响。结果表明,水凝胶对氯化1-丁基3-甲基咪唑离子液体的吸附量随溶液pH值增大而逐渐增大,pH=2~4时增幅明显,而pH大于4时变化趋于缓慢;随温度的升高而逐渐降低。该等温吸附行为基本符合Langmuir吸附等温式,由二级吸附动力学模型获得的吸附过程活化能(Ea=52.470 kJ/mol)可以看出,PAA对氯化1-丁基3-甲基咪唑的吸附属于化学吸附范畴。 相似文献
492.
微波及其组合工艺污泥预处理上清液中碳酸盐对磷回收的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本研究考察了微波及其组合工艺(微波-酸、微波-碱、微波-过氧化氢和微波-过氧化氢-碱)污泥预处理的碳酸盐溶出特征,并研究了碳酸盐对鸟粪石法磷回收的影响。结果表明,微波及其组合工艺进行污泥预处理时,碳酸盐的释放与pH值显著相关,但与预处理方法无关。模拟实验结果表明,当在浓度≤150 mg/L时,碳酸盐对鸟粪石结晶的磷/镁摩尔比(Mg/P=0.74~1.16)具有一定影响,但对鸟粪石法磷回收率(>90%)和鸟粪石结晶形态(呈典型的斜方晶型)没有显著影响。 相似文献
493.
Sheng-Yong Lu Yingzhe Du Xiao-Dong Li Ming-Jiang Ni Ke-Fa Cen 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(6):717-724
The distribution of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), in brief dioxins, has seldom been addressed systematically in fly ash from municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs). This study shows the amount and fingerprint of PCDD/Fs in fly ash from four different Chinese MSWIs, that is, three mechanical grate units and one circulating fluidized bed unit. In these fly ash samples, dioxins-related parameters (international toxic equivalent quantity, total amount of PCDD/Fs, individual isomer classes, and 17 toxic 2,3,7,8-substituted congeners) all tend to increase with decreasing particle size for mechanical grate incinerators, yet only for the finest fraction for fluidized bed units. Moreover, the fluidized bed incinerator seems superior to grate incineration in controlling dioxins, yet a comparison is hampered by internal differences in the sample, for example, the fluidized bed fly ash has much lower carbon and chlorine contents. In addition, the presence of sulfur from mixing coal as supplemental fuel to the MSW may poison the catalytic steps in dioxins formation and thus suppress the formation of dioxins. With more residual carbon and chlorine in the fly ash, it is easier to form dioxins during cooling. Nevertheless, there is no apparent relation between Fe, Cu, and Zn contents and that of dioxins in fly ash.
Implications This paper is of interest because it presents the amounts and distribution of PCDD/Fs in fly ash samples from some typical waste incineration plants in China, featuring distinct incinerator types, combustion conditions, fuel composition, or residual carbon, chloride, and heavy metal contents in fly ash. 相似文献
494.
495.
Though polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have distributed as threats in the environment to human beings for several decades, monitoring of trace level PCBs in-field is still a challenge. As a potential method for monitoring PCBs at trace levels, Raman spectroscopy has been used to detect several PCBs in the laboratory. To facilitate the development of rapid detection of PCBs by Raman spectroscopy, it is essential to investigate the Raman spectra of all PCB congeners. Herein, the stable configurations and vibrational spectra of all the PCB congeners were calculated by Gaussian 03 program package. Based on molecular symmetry, PCBs are classified into seven groups. The structural features and the normal vibration modes for each group are discussed. Taking the C(2)-2 group as an example, the wavenumber ranges of the various normal vibration modes in the Raman spectra of PCBs were analyzed. The accuracy of calculated results was verified by experimental Raman spectra of PCB77 standard. This study can elucidate further information to promote the development of Raman spectroscopy in environmental monitoring. 相似文献
496.
A sensitivity study was performed to investigate the responses of potential natural vegetation distribution in China to the
separate and combined effects of temperature, precipitation and [CO2], using the process-based equilibrium terrestrial biosphere model BIOME4. The model shows a generally good agreement with
a map of the potential natural vegetation distribution based on a numerical comparison using the ΔV statistic (ΔV = 0.25). Mean temperature of each month was increased uniformly by 0–5 K, in 0.5- or 1-K intervals. Mean precipitation of
each month was increased and decreased uniformly by 0–30%, in 10% intervals. The analyses were run at fixed CO2 concentrations of 360 and 720 ppm. Temperature increases shifted most forest boundaries northward and westward, expanded
the distribution of xeric biomes, and confined the tundra to progressively higher elevations. Precipitation increases led
to a greater area occupied by mesic biomes at the expense of xeric biomes. Most vegetation types in the temperate regions,
and on the Tibetan Plateau, expanded westward into the dry continental interior with increasing precipitation. Precipitation
decreases had opposite effects. The modelled effect of CO2 doubling was to partially compensate for the negative effect of drought on the mesic biomes and to increase potential ecosystem
carbon storage by about 40%. Warming tended to counteract this effect, by reducing soil carbon storage. Forest biomes showed
substantial resilience to climate change, especially when the effects of increasing [CO2] were taken into account. Savannas, dry woodland and tundra biomes proved sensitive to temperature increases. The transition
region of grassland and forest, and the Tibetan plateau, was the most vulnerable region. 相似文献
497.
Impacts of climate change on Chinese ecosystems: key vulnerable regions and potential thresholds 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jian Ni 《Regional Environmental Change》2011,11(1):49-64
China is a key vulnerable region of climate change in the world. Climate warming and general increase in precipitation with strong temporal and spatial variations have happened in China during the past century. Such changes in climate associated with the human disturbances have influenced natural ecosystems of China, leading to the advanced plant phenology in spring, lengthened growing season of vegetation, modified composition and geographical pattern of vegetation, especially in ecotone and tree-lines, and the increases in vegetation cover, vegetation activity and net primary productivity. Increases in temperature, changes in precipitation regime and CO2 concentration enrichment will happen in the future in China according to climate model simulations. The projected climate scenarios (associated with land use changes again) will significantly influence Chinese ecosystems, resulting in a northward shift of all forests, disappearance of boreal forest from northeastern China, new tropical forests and woodlands move into the tropics, an eastward shift of grasslands (expansion) and deserts (shrinkage), a reduction in alpine vegetation and an increase in net primary productivity of most vegetation types. Ecosystems in northern and western parts of China are more vulnerable to climate changes than those in eastern China, while ecosystems in the east are more vulnerable to land use changes other than climate changes. Such assessment could be helpful to address the ultimate objective of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC Article 2). 相似文献
498.
499.
Yuanxin Zhang Fei Li Chaoqiong Ni Song Gao Shuwei Zhang Jin Xue Zhukai Ning Chuanming Wei Fang Fang Yongyou Nie Zheng Jiao 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(2):21
500.
Guorong Zhu Guilan Di Meng Zhang Te Cao Leyi Ni Rongting Fang Gongliang Yu 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2018,25(34):34027-34045
Few studies have focused on the biomechanical responses of submerged, rosette-forming macrophytes to wave action, water depth, or their co-occurrence in naturally eutrophic systems. The plant architecture, root anchorage strength-related traits, leaf morphology, and biomechanics of Vallisneria natans inhabiting a range of water depths were examined along three transects (T1, T2, and T3) in a eutrophic lake, Lake Erhai, in Yunnan Province, China. These transects were exposed to weak wave action and hyper-eutrophication (T1), moderate wave action and eutrophication (T2), or strong wave action and eutrophication (T3). The results showed that V. natans was mainly distributed at intermediate depths, with the widest colonization depth in T1. The values of plant architecture, root anchorage strength-related traits, leaf morphology, and biomechanics were generally highest in T3 and smallest in T2. Along the depth gradient, these values were generally highest at 3.5, 2.5, and 2.5 m for the plants growing in T1, T2, and T3, respectively. These findings suggest that V. natans adopts a “tolerance” strategy to cope with the effects of strong wave action in eutrophic habitats and an “avoidance” strategy when exposed to moderate wave action in eutrophic areas. Since the absence of an avoidance strategy increases the resistance to low-light stress at the expense of increased drag forces, there is a limit to the wave action that V. natans can withstand. This study indicates that biomechanics could be important when determining the distribution pattern of V. natans in Lake Erhai. 相似文献