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601.
J. A. Borg A. A. Rowden M. J. Attrill P. J. Schembri M. B. Jones 《Marine Biology》2006,149(3):667-677
The Mediterranean endemic seagrass Posidonia oceanica forms beds characterised by a dense leaf canopy and a thick root-rhizome ‘matte’. Death of P. oceanica shoots leads to exposure of the underlying matte, which can persist for many years, and is termed ‘dead’ matte. Traditionally, dead matte has been regarded as a degraded habitat. To test whether this assumption was true, the motile macroinvertebrates of adjacent living (with shoots) and dead (without shoots) matte of P. oceanica were sampled in four different plots located at the same depth (5–6 m) in Mellieha Bay, Malta (central Mediterranean). The total number of species and abundance were significantly higher (ANOVA; P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively) in the dead matte than in living P. oceanica matte, despite the presence of the foliar canopy in the latter. Multivariate analysis (MDS) clearly showed two main groups of assemblages, corresponding to the two matte types. The amphipods Leptocheirus guttatus and Maera grossimana, and the polychaete Nereis rava contributed most to the dissimilarity between the two different matte types. Several unique properties of the dead matte contributing to the unexpected higher number of species and abundance of motile macroinvertebrates associated with this habitat are discussed. The findings have important implications for the conservation of bare P. oceanica matte, which has been generally viewed as a habitat of low ecological value. 相似文献
602.
Peter C. Elwood Marion Jones Kim James Colin Toothill 《Environmental geochemistry and health》1990,12(3):253-257
A monitoring scheme for blood lead was based on cord blood samples and maternal blood samples taken in Swansea, South Wales. A fall of around 20% during 1984–85 is described. During this period there was virtually no change in petrol sales in the area and no overall change in air lead levels. Air lead showed large seasonal changes but these were not reflected in blood lead. Water lead levels gave no evidence of changes of any importance during the period of monitoring. These results suggest that petrol lead was at most a minor contributor to blood lead. 相似文献
603.
Laboratory measurements of oxygen consumption were made on Penaeus monodon (Fabricius) from protozoea to adult stage at temperatures between 15° and 35°C. The logarithmic relationship between weight-specific respiration rate (WRt) and temperature (T) for two size groups, Protozoea 1 (PZ1) to Postlarva 1 (PL1) and PL to adult, are given as; WRt=100.431+0.0146 (T) (ml O2 g-1 h-1) and WRt=10-0.948+0.0338 (T) (ml O2 g-1 h-1), respectively. Additionally, equations relating metabolic rate, temperature and size for the two size groups are; PZ1-PL1: log M=0.431+0.0146T+(1.25 (log TL)+0.579), and PL1-adult: log M=-0.948+0.0338T+(2.60(log CL)-0.683), where M=oxygen consumption in ml O2 individual -1h-1, T=temperature in °C, TL=total length in cm, and CL=carapace length in cm. Activation energies of 6 186.75 J for PZ1-PL1 and 14 066.62 J for PL-adults point to different metabolic pathways or to differences in the ratio between the metabolic pathways used. 相似文献
604.
N. Karmis C. Y. Chen D. E. Jones T. Triplett 《Environmental geochemistry and health》1982,4(4):116-130
The problem of surface subsidence is rapidly becoming an important environmental consideration of active as well as abandoned mining operations in the USA. The damages attributed to this phenomenon range from simple land settlement to severe structural damage and have been experienced in both rural and urban areas spreading across thirty states.This paper presents a discussion on mining subsidence and its characteristics above US longwall and room-and-pillar mines. The influence of the geological controls on subsidence is discussed in detail and the effects of subsidence on man and his environment are presented and exemplified. In addition, a historical review of rules and regulations governing subsidence-related problems is given, leading to Public Law 95-87, the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977, and finally, the new regulations being developed under the regulatory reform program are discussed. 相似文献
605.
606.
The functions of the third maxilliped of Penaeus merguiensis de Man are described. It has a 6-segmented endopodite which is used in feeding, grooming and possible pheromone reception. In feeding, large pieces of food are gripped by the stout spines on inner borders of the ischia which hold them to the mouth so that particles can be torn off and ingested. All the distal segments have long setae used in grooming chelate pereiopods and the antennules. In mature males there is a tuft of about 300 slender setae at the end of the propus, but its function remains obscure. 相似文献
607.
Internal growth bands visible in cross-sections of the valves and hinge plates of Arctica islandica Linné are deposited annually, possibly in response to the reproductive cycle. Growth rate and longevity, inferred from the bands, are surprising: A. islandica grows very slowly and lives to an advanced age. Individuals with more than 90 bands are not uncommon; the maximum number of bands discovered so far is 149. On the basis of average size for Middle Atlantic Bight specimens, modal age is estimated to range from 65 to 105 years. 相似文献
608.
Bin Hua Kristen Veum Amod Koirala John Jones Thomas Clevenger Baolin Deng 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2007,5(2):73-77
Water samples from 56 lakes of Missouri, USA, were analysed for their fluorescence excitation/emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy
and the formation potentials of total trihalomethanes (TTHM) and N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). Comparing the excitation/emission matrix fingerprints with trihalomethanes formation revealed
that water with higher fluorescence intensity generally exhibited higher trihalomethanes formation potential. Moreover, waters
with fluorescence centre at excitation: 290–310 nm/emission: 330–350 nm were related to high N-nitrosodimethylamine and trihalomethanes formation potentials. The results suggest that excitation/emission matrix fingerprints
could be used as surrogate parameters for monitoring trihalomethanes and N-nitrosodimethylamine formation potentials. 相似文献
609.
Williamson BJ Udachin V Purvis OW Spiro B Cressey G Jones GC 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2004,98(1-3):235-259
Airborne total suspended particulates (TSP), dusts from smelter blast furnace and converter stacks, and filtrates of snow melt waters have been characterised in the Cu smelter and former mining town of Karabash, Russia. TSP was collected at sites up- and downwind of the smelter and large waste and tailings dumps (Oct. 2000 and July 2001). Methods for particle size, mineralogical and elemental determinations have been tested and described, and a new PSD-MicroSOURCE XRD technique developed for the mineralogical analysis of microsamples on filter substrates. TSP in downwind samples has a mean equivalent spherical diameter of 0.5 microm (s.d. = 0.2) and was found to be 100% respirable. The main element of human health/environmental concern, above Russian maximum permitted levels (1 microg m(-3), average over any time period), was Pb which was measured at 16-30 microg m(-3) in downwind samples. Individual particulates mainly consisted of complex mixtures of anglesite (PbSO4), Zn2SnO4 and poorly ordered Zn sulphates. From experimental and theoretical considerations, a high proportion of contained Pb, Zn, Cd and As in this material is considered to be in a readily bioavailable form. Chemical and mineralogical differences between the TSP, stack dusts and snow samples are discussed, as well as the implications for human and regional environmental health. 相似文献
610.
Beverley C. Wemple Julia A. Jones Gordon E. Grant 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1996,32(6):1195-1207
ABSTRACT: Based on field surveys and analysis of road networks using a geographic information system (GIS), we assessed the hydrologic integration of an extensive logging-road network with the stream network in two adjacent 62 and 119 km2 basins in the western Cascades of Oregon. Detailed surveys of road drainage for 20 percent of the 350 km road network revealed two hydrologic flow paths that link roads to stream channels: roadside ditches draining to streams (35 percent of the 436 culverts examined), and roadside ditches draining to culverts with gullies incised below their outlets (23 percent of culverts). Gully incision is significantly more likely below culverts on steep (< 40 percent) slopes with longer than average contributing ditch length. Fifty-seven percent of the surveyed road length is connected to the stream network by these surface flowpaths, increasing drainage density by 21 to 50 percent, depending on which road segments are assumed to be connected to streams. We propose a conceptual model to describe the hydrologic function of roads based on two effects: (1) a volumetric effect, increasing the volume of water available for quickflow and (2) a timing effect, altering flow-routing efficiency through extensions to the drainage network. This study examines the second of these two effects. Future work must quantify discharge along road segments connected to the stream network in order to more fully explain road impacts on basin hydrology. 相似文献