Monitoring of selected veterinary antibiotics in environmental compartments near a composting facility in Gangwon Province, Korea

Many studies have been recently reported that veterinary antibiotics released into the environment have a detrimental effect on humans such as the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. However, only limited information is available regarding to the release of antibiotics in environmental compartments in Korea. Objectives of this study were to evaluate the concentrations of antibiotics in water, sediment, and soil adjacent to a composting facility in Korea and to determine the dilution effects of antibiotics when released into the environment. Seven antibiotics of chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfathiazole, and tylosin were evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography?Ctandem mass spectrometry following pretreatment using solid-phase extraction to clean the samples. Results showed that the highest concentration of each antibiotic in both aqueous and solid samples was detected from a site adjacent to the composting facility. We also found that the studied water, sediment, and soil samples are contaminated by veterinary antibiotics throughout comparison with studies from other countries. However, relatively lower concentrations of each antibiotic were observed from the rice paddy soil located at the bottom of the water stream. Further research is necessary to continuously monitor the antibiotics release into ecosystems, thereby developing an environmental risk assessment.     

Biological treatment of anaerobically digested palm oil mill effluent (POME) using a Lab-Scale Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR)

The production of highly polluting palm oil mill effluent (POME) has resulted in serious environmental hazards. While anaerobic digestion is widely accepted as an effective method for the treatment of POME, anaerobic treatment of POME alone has difficulty meeting discharge limits due to the high organic strength of POME. Hence, subsequent post-treatment following aerobic treatment is vital to meet the discharge limits. The objective of the present study is to investigate the aerobic treatment of anaerobically digested POME by using a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The SBR performance was assessed by measuring Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) removal as well as Sludge Volume Index (SVI). The operating pH and dissolved oxygen concentrations were found to be 8.25–9.14 and 1.5–6.4 mg/L, respectively, throughout the experiment. The experimental results demonstrate that MLVSS, OLR and sludge loading rate (SLR) play a significant role in the organic removal efficiency of SBR systems and therefore, further investigation on these parameters was conducted to attain optimum SBR performance. Maximum COD (95–96%), BOD (97–98%) and TSS (98–99%) removal efficiencies were achieved at optimum OLR, SLR and MLVSS concentration ranges of 1.8–4.2 kg COD/m³ day, 2.5–4.6 kg TSS/m³ day and 22,000–25,000 mg/L, respectively. The effluent quality remained stable and complied with the discharge limit. At the same time, the sludge showed good settling properties with average SVI of 65. It is envisaged that the SBR process could complement the anaerobic treatment to produce final treated effluent which meets the discharge limit.     

顶空气相色谱法测定聚苯乙烯食品包装材料中挥发组分

以顶空气相色谱法直接测定聚苯乙烯食品包装材料固体试样中的苯，甲本、对二甲苯和苯乙烯，最小检出量为１０－１０＾１０ｇ，回收率为９７．６％－１０２．５％。该法基体干扰小、操作简便。     

通天河流域农业土地资源评价

对长江源头区的通天河流域农业土地资源作了分析，就农业土地资源特点及开发利用中的限制因素，适宜因素进行评价，提出该流域开发利用农业土地资源的对策与建议。     

SIEMENS烟气连续监测系统在电子束脱硫装置中的应用

本文介绍了SIEMENS烟气连续监测系统的性能及其在电子束辐照烟气工业化试验装置中的应用，对其工作特点和实际运行情况进行了分析。     

Electrophoretic studies on muscle myogens of some penaeid prawns

The muscle myogen patterns of some penaeid prawns studied by electrophoresis in cellulose acetate membrane are presented. Each pattern was species specific and appears to be independent of sex. The results suggest that muscle myogen patterns could be useful in taxonomic studies of penaeid prawns. Specimens preserved in phenoxyethanol were compared with fresh specimens. Preservation resulted in some losses of protein zones and, in cases where sufficient zones are preserved, the method could be used to advantage for solving taxonomic problems. Mr. Lim unfortunately passed away in November 1969.     

内蒙古沙漠化草原生物源挥发性有机物排放特征

2017年7月,采用动态箱采样法对内蒙古沙漠化草原的生物源挥发性有机物（BVOC）进行了研究,同时记录了温度、湿度和光合有效辐射等参数.结果表明：沙漠化草原羊草和冰草均排放了异戊二烯、α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、α-水芹烯、3-蒈烯、α-萜品烯、对伞花烃、柠檬烯、γ-萜品烯、萜品油烯、罗勒烯和崁烯等12种挥发性有机化合物,羊草和冰草排放的BVOC平均排放通量分别为：（578.76±92.39）,（35.51±20.23）,（23.62±5.62）,（380.48±206.97）,（15.70±4.72）,（36.21±10.53）,（62.46±10.36）,（36.63±22.83）,（85.44±48.33）,（5.59±5.33）,（17.62±3.32）,（173.39±201.97）μg/（m²·h）和（587.36±298.57）,（7.24±0.28）,（80.09±0.32）,（204.49±122.10）,（4.64±0.83）,（9.96±3.32）,（18.86±5.73）,（4.49±4.37）,（63.02±27.51）,（7.26±5.09）,（23.06±1.86）,（32.30±26.29）μg/（m²·h）;羊草和冰草BVOC排放通量与温度和光合有效辐射变化规律呈现一致性,但各草种所受影响因子不尽相同,且其排放过程复杂,除冰草异戊二烯排放通量在15：00和17：00达到峰值外,其余BVOC排放通量与羊草BVOC排放通量均在11：00和15：00达到峰值.     

水文气象因素对东南山区水库硅藻异常增殖的影响

硅藻异常增殖是影响我国许多水库水质安全的生态灾害.为揭示水库硅藻异常增殖的影响因素,以我国东南丘陵地区大(Ⅱ)型水库天目湖沙河水库为例,基于8年逐月浮游植物群落结构及相关环境因子的监测,分析了硅藻(Bacillariophyta)及其优势属生物量与温度、降雨、水位、营养盐等环境因子之间的关系.结果表明,春季硅藻及其优势属的生物量主要受温度的影响,与水文、营养盐关系较弱;不同硅藻优势属与水温的关系差异较大:针杆藻(Synedra)的最佳生长温度为27℃,小环藻(Cyclotella)与曲壳藻(Achnanthes)的最佳生长温度为19℃,直链藻(Melosira)适合在低温下生长,生物量随温度升高而降低;硅藻生物量与环境因子的多元统计分析表明,硅藻总生物量、针杆藻和曲壳藻等优势属生物量峰值与降雨量显著性正相关(P0.05),小环藻生物量峰值与总磷、降雨量和水位显著性正相关,而与换水率显著性负相关,直链藻生物量峰值与总磷显著性正相关.年度硅藻峰值强度可以用降雨量强度和时间、冬春季的积温和溶解性总磷浓度等综合因素拟合预测.研究表明,对于我国东南丘陵山区中营养水平的水库而言,硅藻优势属的异常增殖事件受水文气象因素异常事件的影响较大,相比较而言对氮磷营养盐响应偏弱;在防控水库硅藻异常增殖灾害方面,除了积极开展流域营养盐削减措施之外,应当密切关注极端天气综合影响,采取相应的水文调节措施,开发切实有效的灾害预警技术.