DISCUSSION ON REGION RESOURCE ADVANTAGE OF THE WEST CHINA AND APPROACHES OF ITS INDUSTRIALIZATION DEVELOPMENT

With 70 .82 %ofthetotallandarea ,2 7.6 7%ofthetotalpopulationandrelativelyabundantnaturalresources,thevastwestChinaisextremelyimportantinstrategies.HowtomanagetheeconomicdevelopmentinthewestChinarapidlyhasarousedgreatattentionsinallwalksoflife .Theimportantpoliciesandmethodsaremainlydependingonthelarge scaleex plorationofnaturalresourcesanddevelopmentofrelevantindustries.However ,themisunder standingoflarge scalemineralexplorationsinthewestwillleadtoanoldroadofviciouscircula tion .Becauseofth…     

生物脱氮工艺技术的研究进展

对简捷硝化后反硝化，同时硝化反硝化以及厌氧氨氧化等生物脱氮领域最近开发的新理论和新工艺进行了简单的综合和讨论，并指出了这些新技术的特点和研究开发应用前景。     

混凝法在硫酸软骨素废水后处理中的应用

硫酸软骨素是一种重要的生化制品，在其生产过程中产生了大量的高浓度有机废水。其COD值高达100g／L。以山东某生化制品有限公司硫酸软骨素废水为对象，对其后处理进行了研究。结果表明，后处理采用混凝处理工艺，可使生化处理后的废水的COD由316mg/L降至76mg／L，出水达到了GB8978-1996国家一级排放标准。     

Radium-226 levels and concentration ratios between water, vegetation, and tissues of ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) from a watershed with uranium tailings near Elliot Lake, Canada

Radionuclide levels measured in bone, muscle, kidney and liver tissues, gut contents and diet items of 47 grouse from the Serpent River drainage basin, containing uranium (U) tailings at Elliot Lake, and from control areas in Ontario, showed variation by site and tissue. The mean level of 226radium (Ra) in bones of grouse sampled from Elliot Lake (28.5 mBq g(-1)) was higher than that in bones of birds from a distant control site near Sudbury, Ontario (8.0 mBq g(-1)) but similar to the value in a local control population (28.1 mBq g(-1)). Birds from Mid- and Low-Serpent River basin populations (with 17.1 and 17.7 mBw g(-1), respectively) did not differ from local or distant control populations; muscle, liver and kidney had lower 226Ra concentrations, which did not differ significantly among populations. Levels of 226Ra in the crop contents and intestine did not differ significantly by site and were similar to those of food items consumed by the birds. Stomach content values were higher in birds sampled in Elliot Lake and at the local control site than in those taken at the distant control site; birds sampled downstream from Elliot Lake did not differ from distant controls in this regard. Levels of 232thorium (Th) and 230Th were below detection limits (0.1 microg g(-1) and 5.0 mBq g(-1), respectively) in bone, muscle and liver tissue in two grouse with elevated levels of 226Ra. Other radionuclides were measurable in some tissues: 238U in bone at 0.4 microg g(-1), in muscle to 0.2 microg g(-1), in liver to 1.0 gmg g(-1.), 228Th was found only in muscle (8.0 mBq g(-1)), 210poloniuim (Po) was found in bone, muscle and liver (maxima: 24.0, 7.0, 16.0 mBq g(-1)) with the exception of one muscle sample; 210lead (Pb) was detected in only one liver sample (50.0 mBq g(-1)). Environmental levels fell within ranges previously reported at the sites, or at similar locations elsewhere. Leaves of trembling and largetooth aspen growing in the basin had mean 226Ra levels of 14.8 and 52.7 mBq g(-1) (dry weight) respectively, and fungal material carried up to 215.4 mBq g(-1) (air-dried), with some variation by site. River and lake waters sampled near the U tailings had 118.1 mBq litre(-1) of dissolved 226Ra; at the distant control site the value was 12.1 mBq litre(-1). The concentration ratios (CR) between bone of grouse collected at the Elliot Lake sites and trembling and largetooth aspen leaves were 1.38 and 1.09 (fresh weight basis); from other diet items and to other tissues the values were less than unity. Bone tissue: water ratios, based on dissolved 226Ra levels, ranged to 30.89. People eating grouse from the study area are unlikely to consume radionuclides in excess of limits currently established by Canadian regulatory authorities.     

226Ra and other radionuclides in water, vegetation, and tissues of beavers (Castor canadensis) from a watershed containing U tailings near Elliot Lake, Canada

Radionuclide levels were measured in tissues, gut contents, diet items, and water at site of capture, of adult beavers from the Serpent River drainage basin which contains U tailings at Elliot Lake, Ontario, and from nearby control sites. Levels of (226)Ra in beaver bone, muscle and kidney were highest in animals from locations close to U tailings; liver levels did not vary by site. Environmental (226)Ra levels were within ranges previously reported at these or similar locations elsewhere; levels in beaver gut contents reflected levels in diet items. Concentration ratios exceeded unity only between some vegetation items and beaver bone at the Elliot Lake site and were less than 0.19 between vegetation and other tissues. In two beavers with tissue levels of (226)Ra higher than other sampled, neither (232)Th nor (230)Th were detected in bone, muscle or liver tissues. U-238 was measurable in bone, muscle and liver, (228)Th in bone, (210)Po bone, muscle and liver; and (210)Pb was measurable only in bone. Estimated yearly intakes of radionuclides by people eating beavers were calculated to be below current allowable levels set by the Canadian regulatory authorities.     

分子筛装置长周期运转影响因素及对策

针对中国石油抚顺石化公司石油三厂分子筛装置预分馏单元空冷系统泄漏与塔盘堵塞影响装置长周期运转问题,通过对分子筛装置生产原料杂质含量和运行情况的分析,判断出空冷系统腐蚀与塔盘堵塞的原因,对存在的问题采取了相应的改进措施,并进一步提出了保证装置长周期运行的对策。     

集成式污水处理装置的技术进展

对于小型分散式社区而言,连网到集中式的污水处理系统太过昂贵,然而就地处理系统可以高效地服务于这些地方。作为就地处理的一种方式,集成式污水处理装置的利用越来越广泛,其工艺技术也得到了各方面的完善。本文归纳和总结了国内外集成式微型污水处理装置的技术发展和应用现状,分析了国内现有集成式污水处理装置的存在的不足,提出了集成式污水处理装置的发展方向。     

关于生物剽窃规制框架的法律思考

生物剽窃是指生物遗传资源勘探者未经提供者同意并给予合理补偿,就商业化地利用后者的生物遗产资源,又借助知识产权独占惠益的行为。生物剽窃严重损害作为资源提供方的发展中国家的利益,违反自然资源国家主权原则,《生物多样性公约》及其议定书形成一系列规制措施。我国应借鉴国际立法经验,并结合本国国情,建立健全诸如遗传资源数据库、事先知情同意、共同协商、对价补偿和惠益分享及所得撤销等遗传资源保护法律制度。     

三峡水库洪水资源化多目标决策评价模型

进入21世纪,随着我国经济的飞速发展,人与水的关系越来越紧张。水资源短缺、水质恶化和水环境污染等问题日益严重,人们也在不断探索解决这些问题的办法。在总结经验教训的基础上,人们提出了"洪水管理"的新策略。洪水资源化是洪水管理的一项重要内容,也是解决水资源短缺危机的一个重要途径。汛限水位是综合利用水库运行和调度的重要参数之一,它影响着防洪效益和防洪风险。以三峡水库洪水资源化问题为背景,对三峡水库的多种汛限水位组合方案,建立了多目标决策运行的指标体系。以层次分析法为基础对各指标权重进行计算,得到了各指标相对于总目标的组合权重,并通过均衡规划求解得到了洪水资源化多目标决策运行方案的最佳均衡解。     

建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测工作中存在的问题及对策

从管理和监测角度,分析总结了建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测工作中存在的问题,并有针对性的提出了解决问题的对策。