Effects of anoxia on the activities of pyruvate kinase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase,and the production of lactate and succinate in the intertidal pulmonate Onchidium tumidium

Onchidium tumidium, an intertidal pulmonate, has evolved to depend mainly on the formation of succinate, rather than lactate and opines, to survive in anoxia. For our study O. tumidum were collected from the mud flats of the mangrove swamp at Mandai, Singapore between 1988 and 1991. After 24 h of anoxic exposure, the lactate and succinate contents of the anoxic individuals were approximately 10 and 150 times, respectively, the corresponding values of the normoxic individuals. Alanine and acetate accumulations also occurred during anoxia, though to a much lesser extent. No propionate or octopine was detected. The depletion in aspartate content in O. tumidium could not account for the amount of succinate accumulated during anoxia. The succinate formed might have originated from glycogen involving the flow of carbon through the phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) branch point of glycolysis. In support of such a hypothesis, results indicate that there was a decrease in the affinity of pyruvate kinase from O. tumidium exposed to 24h of anoxia to PEP to facilitate succinate formation through phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK). In comparison, the affinity of PEPCK from O. tumidium exposed to anoxia to PEP was apparently unaltered.     

环境侵权民事责任浅探

阐述了环境侵权民事责任的构成要件，分析了环境侵权民事责任的特点及责任方式，提出了有关环境侵以损害赔偿法律制度的建议，如扩大环境侵权民事责任外延，加重赔偿额度，具体蛤确责任主体等。     

Effects of litter removal on plant species diversity: a case study in tropical Eucalyptus forest ecosystems in South China

The removal of litterfall in the Eucalyptus plantations in South China affected the plant biodiversity in these ecosystems was found based on the field observation and lab analysis.The protection times of species diversity of three Eucalyptus communities were different (Community Ⅰ with no protection,Community Ⅱ with 7-year-protection,Community Ⅲ with 35-year-protection).The total numbers of species in these communities(from Community Ⅰ to Ⅱ to Ⅲ)are 1,6,and 17,respectively.The tesults showed that the protection of litterfall from being taken out of the ecosystem is important and can increase plant species diversity.This study ombined biomass data,the chemical and physical properties of the soil,and the diversity of microbes in the communities.It is concluded that the mechanism of the effects of litter removal on biodiversity includes three factors:removing the suitable habitat of microbe and animal,decreasing the soil mutrient, and changing the special habitat for the germination and growth of invading plants.These results should have important implications for managing these Eucalyptus forest ecosystems in South China.     

半球形厚壁封头拉深成形壁厚变化规律研究

针对厚壁半球形封头的拉深成形,将板坯分成4个区域,根据每个区域的应力分布特点,对每个区域的壁厚变化规律做了理论上的推导与计算,并将理论计算值同有限元模拟结果比较,得到了很好的效果.     

年轮化学示踪环境重金属污染研究进展

年轮化学是利用树木年轮化学组成示踪环境污染历史以及元素在环境中运移特征的新兴学科,已经在反演高分辨率环境污染历史、再现污染物进入植被生态系统的空间途径、重金属污染源示踪,以及环境保护指导等方面取得了重要研究进展。文章概述了年轮化学示踪环境重金属污染基本原理,重金属元素进入树木的基本途径,及其在树轮中的迁移特性;并对树轮重金属元素径向迁移驱动机制提出了假设。     

空间环境对舰船无线电定位的影响分析

针对日地空间环境的特点,分析了空间环境对无线电定位的研究现状.针对空间环境对无线电定位系统的影响方式不同,以GPS和罗兰C为例对其影响进行了分析.通过分析空间环境对GPS和罗兰C定位的影响,指出了提高定位精度的环境因素,为进一步提高无线电定位精度提供了依据.     

基于GIS的赣江流域环境生态数据库的建立

本文主要介绍了基于GIS的赣江流域环境生态数据库的建设目标，并就其主要方法、技术特点及主要功能进行了探讨。     

浅议环境与经济可持续发展

介绍了可持续发展的概念、特征，论述了环境与经济发展的关系以及我国可持续发展的战略选择。     

HPLC测定大气中的光气

报道了用０．２５％的苯胺溶液吸收大气中的光气，所形成的１，３－二苯基脲衍生物以高效液相色谱分析。方法回收率为９８．１％￣１００．８％，最低检出浓度为１．７×１０＾－４ｍｇ／ｍ＾３，线性范围为０．１￣３４０ｎｇ，相对标准偏差为１．２３％。     

Transport characteristics of gas phase ozone in unsaturated porous media for in-situ chemical oxidation

Encapsulation technology is being investigated as a method for controlling pH in situ at contaminated groundwater sites where pH may limit remediation of organic contaminants. This study examined the effectiveness of using KH2PO4 buffer encapsulated in a pH-sensitive coating to neutralize pH in laboratory sand columns (1.5-1) under a simulated groundwater flow rate and characterized the pattern of capsule release in the flow-through system. Denitrification was used in the columns to increase the pH of the pore water. Each of three columns was equipped with three miniature mesh wells to allow contact of the buffer with column pore water, but capsules (15 g) were inserted into only one column (amended). The two other columns served as amendment (no buffer) and abiotic (no denitrification) controls. Oxidation-reduction potential, dissolved organic and inorganic carbon, NH4+, NO3- +NO2-, PO(4)3-, and pH were measured in the influent, two side ports, and effluent of the columns over time. Near complete conversion of 80 mg N/1 of nitrate and 152 mg/l of ethanol per day resulted in a mean pH increase from 6.2 to 8.2 in the amendment control column. The amended column maintained the target pH of 7.0 +/- 0.2 for 4 weeks until the capsules began to be depleted, after which time the pH slowly started to increase. The capsules exhibited pulses of buffer release, and were effectively dissolved after 7.5 weeks of operation. Base-neutralizing capacity contributed by the encapsulated buffer over the entire study period, calculated as cation equivalents, was 120 mM compared to 8 mM without buffer. This study demonstrates the potential for this technology to mediate pH changes and provides the framework for future studies in the laboratory and in the field, in which pH is controlled in order to enhance organic contaminant remediation by pH-sensitive systems.