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131.
Julie G. Zaehringer Jorge C. Llopis Phokham Latthachack Tun Tun Thein Andreas Heinimann 《Journal of Land Use Science》2018,13(1-2):16-31
Tropical forests are under pressure from both commercial and smallholder agriculture. Forest frontiers are seeing dynamic land use changes that frequently lead to land system regime shifts, posing challenges for the sustainability of entire local social-ecological systems. Monitoring highly dynamic land use change and detecting land system regime shifts is methodologically challenging due to trade-offs between spatial and temporal data resolution. We propose an innovative approach that combines analysis of very-high-resolution satellite imagery with participatory mapping based on workshops and field walks. Applying it in Laos, Myanmar, and Madagascar, we were able to collect annual land use information over several decades. Unlike conventional land use change mapping approaches, which assess only few points in time, our approach provides information at a temporal resolution that enables detection of gradual and abrupt land system regime shifts. 相似文献
132.
Jorge Ares Ana M. Miglierina Ramón Sánchez Ramón Rosell 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》1998,3(1-2):95-105
A model of pesticide transport through the soil profile based on clearance and fugacity paradigms is presented, and an example of its application in a GIS environment is shown. A validation of the model at the field plot scale is presented using data obtained at a crop in a semiarid irrigated agricultural basin which was treated with Lindane. The adequacy at the regional scale is tested by inspection of the model predictions and the measured concentrations of the pesticide obtained from a regional phreatimetric net. The clearance concept is used to obtain estimates of the volumes of some environmental phases. These are further used to solve the equations of thermodynamic equilibrium at equal fugacity and obtain concentration estimates. The model closely reproduces the observed percolation trends, and is consistent with the regional pattern of Lindane distribution in groundwater. An application of the model as unitary module for the simulation of non‐point pesticide sources in a raster GIS frame is shown. Its performance (run time, data needed, etc.) is comparable to that of other existing algorithms, and presents some advantages to planners and evaluators of environmental quality in that it incorporates an explicit 2‐D approach and allows the identification of polluted areas downslope with respect to those directly treated with the pesticides. Further, it can be implemented in a variety of GIS and spatial data processors. 相似文献
133.
Jorge Luiz Araújo da Silva Maria do Socorro B. Araújo Everardo Valadares de Sá Barretto Sampaio Jorge Vitor Ludke Dário Costa Primo 《Regional Environmental Change》2018,18(7):1999-2004
Sludge generated in intensively managed tilapia fingerling breeding ponds near the Itaparica Dam in the semi-arid Brazilian northeastern region was tested as a soil conditioner to produce lettuce in an effort to mitigate the present environmental impact of the deposition of this sludge, thereby giving it a productive destiny. A greenhouse experiment was performed by mixing the sludge with a Haplic Planosol topsoil, a characteristic soil of the region, so that the sludge corresponded to 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the mixture (substrate). The experiment was set up as a randomized block design with five blocks, each with three pots (5-kg substrate per pot) of the five sludge proportion treatments. One lettuce plant was transplanted into each pot, maintained under greenhouse conditions, and harvested 35 days after transplanting. Sludge, soil, and the substrates were evaluated for nutrient concentration and physical characteristics. Green and dry weights, stem diameter, and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium concentrations in the aboveground parts of the lettuce plants were determined. Sludge incorporation into the substrate improved its chemical and physical characteristics. The lettuce plants grew best in the substrate with 75% sludge, increasing its biomass production by 50% and more than doubling its nitrogen uptake. 相似文献
134.
Managing Mediterranean soil resources under global change: expected trends and mitigation strategies
Lagacherie Philippe Álvaro-Fuentes Jorge Annabi Mohamed Bernoux Martial Bouarfa Sami Douaoui Abdelkader Grünberger Olivier Hammani Ali Montanarella Luca Mrabet Rachid Sabir Mohammed Raclot Damien 《Regional Environmental Change》2018,18(3):663-675
Regional Environmental Change - The soils of the Mediterranean Basin are the products of soil processes that have been governed by a unique convergence of highly differentiated natural and... 相似文献
135.
At a global level, the relationship between biodiversity importance and capacity to manage it is often assumed to be negative, without much differentiation among the more than 200 countries and territories of the world. We examine this relationship using a database including terrestrial biodiversity, wealth and governance indicators for most countries. From these, principal components analysis was used to construct aggregated indicators at global and regional scales. Wealth, governance, and scientific capacity represent different skills and abilities in relation to biodiversity importance. Our results show that the relationship between biodiversity and the different factors is not simple: in most regions wealth and capacity varies positively with biodiversity, while governance vary negatively with biodiversity. However, these trends, to a certain extent, are concentrated in certain groups of nations and outlier countries. We discuss our results in the context of collaboration and joint efforts among biodiversity-rich countries and foreign agencies.
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13280-014-0581-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献136.
Oliva Ana L. La Colla Noelia S. Arias Andrés H. Blasina Gabriela E. Lopez Cazorla Andrea Marcovecchio Jorge E. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(23):18979-18990
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The aim of this study is to assess—for the first time—the concentration of the 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the muscle... 相似文献
137.
Walter?Alfredo?Salas-ZapataEmail authorView authors OrcID profile Leonardo?Alberto?Ríos-Osorio Jorge?Antonio?Mejía-Escobar 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2017,19(6):2237-2252
The term ‘sustainability science’ has been employed to refer to a scientific trend, movement or program aimed at studying problems related to human–nature interactions. However, since it does not have its own set of principles for knowledge building and lack of a definition of a study object, sustainability science is not a science, at least in the usual sense of the word. A study object is the conceptual delimitation of the problems tackled by a science, and therefore, its search in the context of a science of sustainability requires exploring different notions of sustainability. This article presents different perspectives on the concept of sustainability and analyzes the viability to assume them as study object of sustainability science. Such exploration demands concepts based on a processual ontology that directs the researcher toward the dynamic, historic and temporal and social-ecological character of problems of unsustainability. The concept of social-ecological resilience seems to comply with such requirements. 相似文献
138.
David Manuel-Navarrete Gilberto C. Gallopín Mariela Blanco Martín Díaz-Zorita Diego O. Ferraro Hilda Herzer Pedro Laterra María R. Murmis Guillermo P. Podestá Jorge Rabinovich Emilio H. Satorre Filemón Torres Ernesto F. Viglizzo 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2009,11(3):621-638
Assessing the sustainability of complex development processes requires multi-causal and integrated analyses. We develop a
system-based methodology, rooted in interdisciplinary discussion and consensus building between 15 experts, to construct a
multi-causal diagram which examines the sustainability of the Argentine Pampas′ process of agriculturization. The resulting
diagram includes 25 factors and provides a big-picture of the multiple dimensions and interrelations affecting sustainability.
According to this examination, the increasing concentration of production and the incorporation of technological innovations,
triggered by economic and institutional factors, are the cause of environmental distresses and social changes, whose consequences
for sustainability are still highly disputed. Nevertheless, the symptoms of both environmental and social unsustainability
are more evident in the case of the extra-Pampean regions than in the Pampas. This suggests that the Pampean agriculture model
should not be transferred to these regions without substantial modifications. The experts did not reach consensus on whether
the agriculturization process is overall sustainable or unsustainable. Lack of consensus revolved mainly around opposing perspectives
regarding the significance of the threats to environmental sustainability. The magnitude of socio-distributive unbalance and
loss of rural jobs were also contentious. Yet, the paper shows how the exercise of building a joint causal diagram was undoubtedly
helpful for linking piece-meal disciplinary facts, brought in from all fronts, into a comprehensive and coherent picture.
Readers should send their comments on this paper to: BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue. 相似文献
139.
Jorge E. Pachon Sivaraman Balachandran Yongtao Hu Rodney J. Weber James A. Mulholland Armistead G. Russell 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(32):3907-3914
In the Southeastern US, organic carbon (OC) comprises about 30% of the PM2.5 mass. A large fraction of OC is estimated to be of secondary origin. Long-term estimates of SOC and uncertainties are necessary in the evaluation of air quality policy effectiveness and epidemiologic studies. Four methods to estimate secondary organic carbon (SOC) and respective uncertainties are compared utilizing PM2.5 chemical composition and gas phase data available in Atlanta from 1999 to 2007. The elemental carbon (EC) tracer and the regression methods, which rely on the use of tracer species of primary and secondary OC formation, provided intermediate estimates of SOC as 30% of OC. The other two methods, chemical mass balance (CMB) and positive matrix factorization (PMF) solve mass balance equations to estimate primary and secondary fractions based on source profiles and statistically-derived common factors, respectively. CMB had the highest estimate of SOC (46% of OC) while PMF led to the lowest (26% of OC). The comparison of SOC uncertainties, estimated based on propagation of errors, led to the regression method having the lowest uncertainty among the four methods. We compared the estimates with the water soluble fraction of the OC, which has been suggested as a surrogate of SOC when biomass burning is negligible, and found a similar trend with SOC estimates from the regression method. The regression method also showed the strongest correlation with daily SOC estimates from CMB using molecular markers. The regression method shows advantages over the other methods in the calculation of a long-term series of SOC estimates. 相似文献
140.
Jorge Pey Andrés Alastuey Xavier Querol Sergio Rodríguez 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(38):4879-4890
Different monitoring parameters (PM mass concentrations, number–size distribution, black carbon, gaseous pollutants, and chemical composition, among others) are currently used in air quality studies. Urban aerosols are the result of several sources and atmospheric processes, which suggests that a single monitoring technique is insufficient to quantitatively evaluate all of them.This study assesses the suitability of a number of monitoring techniques (PM mass concentrations, number and size distribution of ultra-fine particles, levels of gaseous pollutants, and a complete chemical characterization of PM10 and PM2.5) by examining the response of those techniques to the different emission sources and/or atmospheric processes affecting an urban Mediterranean area (Barcelona, NE Spain).The results of this work reveal that the PM mass, the number concentration and the chemical composition give different, but complementary, information. Whereas the mineral matter, a key atmospheric aerosol component across the Mediterranean, is not properly quantitatively assessed by measuring sub-micrometric particles, the monitoring of the number concentration is indispensable to interpret the origin of specific aerosol episodes. Furthermore, the chemical composition yields very relevant information to deduce the causes of specific pollution episodes.The number concentration of ultra-fine particles in urban areas is strongly dependent upon vehicle exhaust emissions, which may cause adverse health impacts. Moreover, urban Mediterranean environments are favourable to produce nucleation-mode particles (<20 nm) with photochemical origin. In those cases, these particles are expected to be of high solubility and consequently their toxicity may differ from that of traffic-generated ultra-fine particles. Thus, the use of a single monitoring parameter to evaluate the health effects seems to be not enough. 相似文献