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91.
Ruiz I Morales A Oliva J Barba A 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2011,46(6):530-534
An analytical procedure has been developed for the determination of natural pyrethrins (pyrethrin I, pyrethrin II, jasmolin I, jasmolin II, cinerin I and cinerin II) in lemon and apricot. The QuEChERS method, which stands for quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe was used for extraction. Analysis of the extract was performed by liquid-chromatography-electrospray ionisation-tandem mass spectrometry. The ions prominent in the ESI spectra were [M+H]+ for the six compounds. A Zorbax SB-C18 column was used with a programmed gradient mobile phase consisting of (A) water containing 0.1% formic acid and 5 mM ammonium formate and (B) ACN. The method was linear within the investigated concentration range, displaying a calibration curve correlation factor of 0.99. The coefficients of variation obtained (RSD) were below 20% and the recoveries were in the 70-110% range. 相似文献
92.
Morales A Ruiz I Oliva J Barba A 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2011,46(6):525-529
A method for the detection and quantification of 16 pesticides: flufenoxuron, fenoxycarb, dimethomorph, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, lufenuron, thiacloprid, thiabendazole, thiophanate-methyl, spinosad, fenbutatin oxide, methoxyfenozide, oxamyl, clothianidin, thiamethoxam and carbendazim has been developed based on high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Pesticide residues were extracted from the samples according to the QuEChERS method which stands for quick, essay, cheap, effective, rugged and safe. Homogenised analytical portions (10 g ± 0.1) of samples of peppers were spiked at two levels (10 and 100 μg kg?1) with a small volume of an appropriate standard mixture solution containing each pesticide. Analyses were performed using electrospray ionization (ESI) and a MSD trap system. Chromatography separation was achieved using a ZORBAX SB-C18 3.5 μm particle size analytical column, 2.1 × 50 mm from Agilent, with gradient elution at a flow-rate of 0.4 mL/min with mobile phases: waters-0.1 % HCOOH-5 mM HCOONH? and MeOH-5 mM HCOONH?. The method has been validated based on the SANCO European Guidelines. Under the optimized conditions the recoveries (n = 7) were in the range 70-110 % with satisfactory precision (CV ≤ 20 %). A linear dynamic range was obtained over a range of concentrations from 10 to 100 μg kg?1 for each of the analytes, with correlation coefficients >0.997. 相似文献
93.
Ventura-Lima J Ramos PB Fattorini D Regoli F Ferraz L de Carvalho LM Monserrat JM 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,18(8):1270-1278
Introduction
This study aimed to analyze antioxidant responses and oxidative damage induced by two inorganic forms of arsenic (As; AsIII and AsV) in an estuarine polychaete species, Laeonereis acuta (Nereididae). The capacity of arsenic biotransformation was also evaluated through the methylation process considering the activity of a key enzyme involved in the metabolization process. 相似文献94.
Jofré MB Antón RI Caviedes-Vidal E 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,19(7):2889-2897
Purpose
Heavy metals have been detected in water and sediments from the Embalse La Florida, an artificial lake in the arid region of San Luis province, Argentina, representing one of the few sources of permanent water for reproduction of native anuran species. This study assesses lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) concentrations in the anuran species found in this water reservoir as well as differences between compounds, species and sites of collection.Methods
Adult anuran amphibians were collected on the north and south shores of the Embalse La Florida and Pb and Cd concentrations were measured in whole body homogenates digested using wet ashing techniques.Results
All individuals of the six species assayed had detectable levels of Pb and Cd that ranged from 1.19 to 5.57 ??g/g dry mass and from 1.09 to 6.86 ??g/g dry mass, respectively. Anuran amphibians collected in the more contaminated south shore accumulated 21% more Cd and 40% more Pb than individuals from the less altered north shore. Cd and Pb accumulation was not significantly correlated with the concentration in water at the site of collection.Conclusions
Amphibians of the Embalse La Florida accumulate Cd and Pb. Between and within species, differences were detected in Cd and Pb concentrations. Differences in metal concentrations between species, metals, and individuals collected on shores of the Embalse La Florida with different contamination, were detected. Therefore, it is crucial to implement adequate policies to protect amphibians from the accelerated urban development experienced in this location. 相似文献95.
Pérez IA Sánchez ML García MA Pardo N 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,19(7):3015-3027
Purpose
The impact of CO2 urban plume in a rural area was investigated by concentrations recorded near surface.Methods
CO2 dry concentrations at three levels near surface were recorded for about 8 months at a rural site. Daily cycles were obtained and directional analysis was made with percentiles. Several functions were used to fit background and plume concentrations and the goodness of fit was evaluated with different statistics, which were also compared.Results
Daily cycle showed a difference of around 2 ppm during the night between the lowest (1.8 m) and the highest (8.3 m) levels. Weighting functions of the directional analysis revealed the influence of the Valladolid urban plume. Two regions were established, with local factors prevailing below 3 m?s?1 and transport dominating above 6 m?s?1. The best fit was achieved with a quadratic function for the background and a cubic function for the plume due to the lack of symmetry observed. Gamma and Weibull distributions were also successfully used. Some statistics, such as the root mean square error (RMSE), stood out when evaluating the goodness of fit, whilst others were discarded due to their extremely low values and the lack of sensitivity against the functions used. Finally, a comprehensive metric merging several statistics was also tested with slight differences against RMSE. 相似文献96.
The sole routine testing of the standard earthworm Eisenia fetida for the terrestrial risk assessment of pesticides has been under much debate since other soil invertebrates may be more sensitive than this standard test species. However, the very low availability of laboratory toxicity data for taxa other than E. fetida has greatly hampered sensitivity comparisons. In the present study, the relative tolerance (Trel) approach was used to enable comparing toxicity thresholds obtained from the US-EPA ECOTOX database, for main terrestrial taxonomic groups and pesticidal types of action (insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, and other) separately. Analyses confirmed previously reported lower and higher sensitivity of collembolans to fungicides and insecticides, respectively. However, various other discrepancies in susceptibility relative to E. fetida were encountered as indicated by species sensitivity distributions and/or calculated 95% confidence intervals of Trel values. Arachnids and isopods were found to be more sensitive to insecticides, and nematodes to fungicides, as compared to E. fetida. Implications of study findings for the terrestrial risk assessment of pesticides are discussed. 相似文献
97.
Vegetation samples from King George Island, Antarctica (62°05'S, 058°23'W) were collected in the austral summer of 2004-2005. Lichens (Usnea aurantiaco-atra and Usnea antarctica), mosses (Sanionia uncinata, Syntrichia princeps and Brachytecium sp.), and one angiosperm (Colobanthus quitensis) species were analyzed for persistent organic pollutants as well as δ(13)C and δ(15)N stable isotopes. The following contaminants were found above the method detection limit (MDL): HCB (0.141-1.06 ng g(-1) dry weight), HCHs (相似文献
98.
Lilian D. Steckert William E. Furtado Gabriela T. Jerônimo Scheila A. Pereira Gabriel F. A. Jesus José Luiz P. Mouriño 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2019,54(4):237-246
Fish may bioaccumulate contaminants from the aquatic environment and extend them to the food chain provoking risks to human health. This study evaluated the microbiological parameters of the pond´s water and trace elements concentrations in samples of water, sediment, feed and muscle of farmed Nile tilapia used for human consumption in southern Brazil. A total of 240 fish were collected from 12 tilapia farms. Sediment, tank water and dry ration used in the animals' diet were collected for analysis. Analysis were performed by Energy Dispersion X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF), Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS), Induced Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES), and Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS-VGA). In addition, the microbiological analysis of the water was carried out. The concentrations of Se, I, Fe, Cu and Zn in fish muscle were higher than the recommended by the Brazilian legislation, considering the advised daily intake for adults. The arsenic element had concentrations above the limit stipulated by the present Brazilian legislation, observed in all samples of muscle, sediment and tank water highlighting a possible environmental and fish contamination by the toxic element. Moreover, the arsenic concentration in the water presented a positive correlation (ρ?=?0.33) with arsenic in the muscle, suggesting that tilapia is a good environmental bioindicator, once they properly reflect the levels of arsenic in the water. It is suggested to perform an arsenic speciation for quantification of the inorganic form and accurate assessment of the degree of toxicity in the muscle samples and risks it can bring to human health. Regarding the other potentially toxic elements (Hg, Pb and Cd), and microbiological analysis of water it was verified that the consumption of the fish in question does not raise risks, since the values are within a quality benchmark established by law. The concentration of total and fecal coliforms in pond´s water in the facilities was in agreement with the microbiological indexes required by the legislation of CONAMA class II. Western region presented the lowest concentrations of fecal coliforms when compared to the other regions. There was no significant difference in the microbiological counts of total heterotrophic bacteria, Vibrio spp. and Pseudomonas spp. among the regions. 相似文献
99.
es Ruiz de Arcaute Celeste Ossana Natalia A. Pérez-Iglesias Juan Manuel Soloneski Sonia Larramendy Marcelo L. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(20):20485-20498
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Pesticides might increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Dicamba (DIC) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) are auxinic... 相似文献
100.
Filgueiras Ana Virginia Gago Jesús Campillo Juan Antonio León Víctor Manuel 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(21):21264-21273
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Microplastics (MPs) are widely recognised as a contaminant of emerging concern in the marine environment. This work provides original data of the... 相似文献