Anaerobic BTEX degradation in soil bioaugmented with mixed consortia under nitrate reducing conditions

Different concentrations of BTEX, including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and three xylene isomers, were added into soil samples to investigate the anaerobic degradation potential by the augmented BTEX-adapted consortia under niwate reducing conditiom. All the BTEX substrates could be anaerobically biodegraded to non-detectable levels within 70 d when the initial concentrations were below 100 mg/kg in soil. Toluene was degraded faster than any other BTEX compounds, and the high-to-low order ofdegradation rates were toluene>ethylbenzene>m. xylene>o-xylene>benzene>P. xylene. Nitrite was accumulated with nitrate reduction. but the accumulation of nitrite had no inhibitory effect on the degradation of BTEX throughout the whole incubation. Indigenous bacteria in tIle soil could enhance the BTEX biodegradation ability of the enriched mixed bacteria. When the six BTEX compounds were simultaneously present in soil, there was no apparent inhibitory effect on their degradation with lower initial concentrations. Alternatively, benzene, o-xylene, and P-xylene degradation were inhibited with higher initial concentrations of 300 mg/kg. Higher BTEX biodegradation rates were observed in soil samples with the addition of sodium acetate compared to the presence of a single BTEX substrate. and the hypothesis of primary-substrate stimulation or cometabolic enhancement of BTEX biodegradation seems likely.     

高盐废水处理技术研究新进展

高盐废水盐浓度高,离子强度大,处理方法主要有生物法、电化学法、生物与物化组合法等。该类废水的生物处理主要是利用耐盐嗜盐微生物的降解作用。在对国内外高含盐废水处理技术的实验研究成果及其在实际废水工程中的应用进行调研对各工艺的运行条件及处理状况进行综述的基础上,进而介绍根据文献及笔者对高盐、高氰和高氨的三聚氯氟废水的处理效果发现的生物物理、物化组合法,这是一种非常有效的处理工艺,是高盐废水处理的主要发展方向。     

原油集输系统次生H2S抑嗣措施探索

分析了原油集输系统H2S分布规律及次生机理,根据系统中硫酸盐还原菌的代谢反应特性,提出了从环境条件、营养条件等方面抑制原油集输系统中H2S生成的措施.研究结果表明,快速油水分离、适当调整系统中的pH值、添加杀菌剂或钡盐等措施可有效控制硫酸盐还原茵的滋生与繁殖,从而达到抑制原油集输系统中H2S生成的目的.     

101国道对北京市密云县城区的环境影响分析

通过连续4年在对路经北京市密云县城区的四处监测点位的车流量、噪声和大气环境质量监测,结果表明：101国道的车流量大体上呈逐年增长之势。101国道两侧的昼间平均交通噪声值除2003年全部达标排放外,2004-2006年均有部分超标;101国道两侧夜间平均交通噪声值均可达标排放。101国道两侧PM10的浓度基本上随车流量的增加而增加,SO2和NO2的浓度随车流量的变化不明显。101国道旁密云县环保局监测点PM10、SO2和NO2的浓度均高于密云县城区测点的浓度。     

环境中的PAES对蟾蜍蝌蚪红细胞微核的影响研究

通过对邻苯二甲酸酯对蟾蜍蝌蚪红细胞微核的影响进行了研究。目的探讨邻苯二甲酸酯对蟾蜍蝌蚪的致突变作用。方法以邻苯二甲酸二甲酯为污染物对蟾蜍蝌蚪染毒24小时,并观察其细胞核变化。所用蟾蜍蝌蚪处于变态期,对污染物较为敏感。结果邻苯二甲酸酯使蟾蜍蝌蚪红细胞微核率以及核异常细胞率上升,微核率随着浓度的增大而上升,在浓度为78 ug/ml,对照组相比有极显著差异P〈0.01,浓度在18.5 ug/ml时试验组突变的细胞核的形态发生显著改变,核异常细胞率与对照组核异常细胞率有显著差异P〈0.05。此时显微镜下观察可见微核、双核、核内凹、核碎裂、无丝分裂时核分裂不均等核的形态变化。结论邻苯二甲酸酯对蟾蜍蝌蚪具有明显的致突变作用。     

船厂二级生化处理出水中水回用工艺及效益分析

采用混凝沉淀一过滤工艺深度处理船厂二级生化处理出水,运行结果表明,该工艺处理效果稳定,出水水质符合城市杂用水和景观娱乐用水水质标准,除总氮外,其他各指标均符合地表水环境质量标准Ⅳ类标准,其中BOD5、矿物油达到地表水环境质量标准Ⅰ类标准,溶解氧、COD、氨氮达到地表水环境质量标准Ⅲ类标准。     

电石渣热电厂烟气脱硫的实用初探

国内外电厂脱硫成熟技术很多,但对国内热电厂而言,都存在着投资大、运行成本高等问题。本文探索开发了高效电石渣脱硫工艺。实践证明,改用电石渣作为脱硫再生荆,既能适合企业自身特点,达到投资省、运行成本低,脱硫效率高的目标。同时又解决了乙炔气厂电石渣的处置难题。是资源性环境保护的成功尝试,是以废治废的具体体现。     

Cd~(2+)在两性-阴离子复配修饰塿土上的吸附-解吸行为

以十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱(BS-12)单一修饰和十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱+十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)复配修饰塿土黏化层土壤,采用批处理法研究了Cd2+在供试土样上的吸附-解吸行为,并对其吸附-解吸机制进行了探讨.结果表明,在20℃、40℃下起始浓度较小时,复配修饰土样吸附量大于BS-12单一修饰土样,温度对吸附的影响不大.Langmuir模型最适合描述供试土样对Cd2+的吸附等温线.复配修饰土样20℃、40℃解吸量差异不大,原土和BS-12单一修饰土样随温度升高解吸量增加.土样净吸附量20℃时BS-12单一修饰土样最高,而复配修饰土样和原土差异不大,40℃时复配修饰和单一修饰土样差异不大,但均高于原土.复配土样的吸附是静电作用和有机修饰剂有机相的疏水阻力综合作用的结果.     

Fractal analysis of polyferric chloride-humic acid (PFC-HA) flocs in di erent topological spaces

The fractal dimensions in di erent topological spaces of polyferric chloride-humic acid (PFC-HA) flocs, formed in flocculating di erent kinds of humic acids (HA) water at di erent initial pH (9.0, 7.0, 5.0) and PFC dosages, were calculated by e ective densitymaximum diameter, image analysis, and N2 absorption-desorption methods, respectively. The mass fractal dimensions (Df) of PFC-HA flocs were calculated by bi-logarithm relation of e ective density with maximum diameter and Logan empirical equation. The Df value was more than 2.0 at initial pH of 7.0, which was 11% and 13% higher than those at pH 9.0 and 5.0, respecively, indicating the most compact flocs formed in flocculated HA water at initial pH of 7.0. The image analysis for those flocs indicates that after flocculating the HA water at initial pH greater than 7.0 with PFC flocculant, the fractal dimensions of D2 (logA vs. logdL) and D3 (logVsphere vs. logdL) of PFC-HA flocs decreased with the increase of PFC dosages, and PFC-HA flocs showed a gradually looser structure. At the optimum dosage of PFC, the D2 (logA vs. logdL) values of the flocs show 14%–43% di erence with their corresponding Df, and they even had di erent tendency with the change of initial pH values. However, the D2 values of the flocs formed at three di erent initial pH in HA solution had a same tendency with the corresponding Df. Based on fractal Frenkel-Halsey-Hill (FHH) adsorption and desorption equations, the pore surface fractal dimensions (Ds) for dried powders of PFC-HA flocs formed in HA water with initial pH 9.0 and 7.0 were all close to 2.9421, and the Ds values of flocs formed at initial pH 5.0 were less than 2.3746. It indicated that the pore surface fractal dimensions of PFC-HA flocs dried powder mainly show the irregularity from the mesopore-size distribution and marcopore-size distribution.