鞘细菌细胞吸附Cr(Ⅵ)条件的研究

采用实验室保藏的鞘细菌,经过液体扩大培养后处理含Cr(Ⅵ)的废液,通过振荡吸附试验考察一系列物理化学因素对吸附效果的影响。结果表明,鞘细菌吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的适宜pH为8.0,适宜温度为30℃,适宜的菌龄是液体培养18h,适宜的吸附时间为8h,适宜的投加量是0.05g/100mL;在Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度为5mg/L时,吸附量可以达到2.25mg/g,吸附后液体中Cr(Ⅵ)残留仅为0.45mg/L;废水中的有机质浓度对吸附有很大影响,其中COD为100mg/L时可以促进Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附。结果说明鞘细菌可以很好的降低污废水中的Cr(Ⅵ)。     

地铁多线换乘车站火灾模型实验研究-(4)换乘通道火灾*

为了研究地铁多线换乘车站换乘通道的火灾烟气扩散规律,利用1∶10的地铁多线换乘车站火灾模型装置,在换乘通道内开展多种情景下的火灾实验,对顶棚温度、烟气扩散范围等进行分析,比较不同防烟分区通风联动模式的烟气控制效果。结果表明:自然通风条件下,通道内的烟气受到“L”型的建筑结构影响,在通道的转角附近区域发生蓄积,产生局部温升较大;综合考虑两侧站厅内的烟气温度分布情况,当靠近大站厅（站厅A+B）一端和转角处起火时,采用站厅A+B送风、站厅C排烟的联动模式具有较优的烟气控制效果;当靠近小站厅（站厅C）一端起火时,站厅A+B的通风对站厅C内的气流组织形式影响小,开启站厅C内风机进行排烟能够更好地控制烟气的扩散。实验结果可以为通道换乘式车站的烟气防排烟方案提供数据支持。     

基于量子化学分析表面活性剂对不同煤种润湿机理的影响*

为研究不同类型表面活性剂对煤润湿性的调控机理,首先将所选煤样的润湿性与煤样成分进行关联分析,然后采用透过高度法实验及量子化学计算相结合的方法研究表面活性剂对煤样润湿性的影响效果及机理。结果表明:煤的润湿性与煤中固有水分、灰分呈正相关关系,与煤中固定碳呈负相关关系;所选取的4种表面活性剂的加入会降低褐煤的亲水性,而对长焰煤、焦煤和无烟煤亲水性有提升作用,并且十二烷基硫酸钠对于这3种煤样亲水性的提升作用最为明显;表面活性剂分子、水分子及煤分子的表面静电势分布共同决定了表面活性剂对煤浸润性的影响。     

Cranial pneumatization and auditory perceptions of the oviraptorid dinosaur <Emphasis Type="Italic">Conchoraptor gracilis</Emphasis> (Theropoda,Maniraptora) from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia

The distribution of air-filled structures in the craniofacial and neurocranial bones of the oviraptorid ZPAL MgD-I/95, discovered at the Hermiin Tsav locality, Mongolia, is restored. Based on the complete obliteration of most of the cranial sutures, the specimen is identified as an adult individual of Conchoraptor gracilis Barsbold 1986. Except for the orbitosphenoids and epipterygoids, the preserved bones of the neurocranium are hollow. Three types of tympanic recess are present in Conchoraptor, a characteristic shared with troodontids, dromaeosaurids, and avian theropods. The contralateral middle ear cavities are interconnected by the supraencephalic pathway that passes through the dorsal tympanic recesses, the posterodorsal prootic sinuses and the parietal sinus. The spatial arrangements of the middle ear cavity and a derived neurocranial pneumatic system in Conchoraptor indicate enhancements of acoustic perception in the lower-frequency registers and of auditory directionality. We further speculate that this improvement of binaural hearing could be explained as an adaptation required for accurate detection of prey and/or predators under conditions of low illumination. The other potentially pneumatic structures of the Conchoraptor cranium include (1) recessus-like irregularities on the dorsal surface of the nasal and frontal bones (a putative oviraptorid synapomorphy; pos); (2) a subotic recess; (3) a sub-condylar recess; and (4) a posterior condylar recess (pos). Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Positive long-term effect of mulching on species and functional trait diversity in a nutrient-poor mountain meadow in Central Europe

Oligotrophic mountain meadows are threatened biodiversity hotspots throughout Europe. The traditional summer hay-making followed by autumn grazing is no longer economic and question is whether alternative managements can maintain both plant species and functional diversity typical of these habitats. In the Bohemian Forest Mts., we applied three treatments (mowing once a year - i.e., cutting and removing the biomass, mulching once a year - cutting and leaving the crushed biomass to decompose in situ, fallowing - no cutting) in order to assess temporal changes in meadow vegetation, plant trait composition and biomass production in a 13-year experiment. We recorded for each species twenty-five traits as to be most informative of plant strategies related to growth, resource acquisition and carbon-water economy. We compared different components of trait composition (community averages that mostly reflect traits of dominant species vs. the Rao index of functional diversity that reflects trait dissimilarity among species) and their impact on biomass production. We show that mulching promotes species and functional diversity by facilitating heliophilous forbs and legumes with more acquisitive strategies in resource use and release, e.g., higher foliar N and P content. This occurs at the expense of tall grasses (with resource-retentive strategies, e.g., high leaf dry matter content) which dominate the mown and fallow plots. The divergence in most quantitative traits indicates that niche complementarity is the dominant assembly process in mulched plots, which can prevent competitive exclusion and enable species coexistence. The divergent development was detected only after 5-6 years. This slow floristic and functional response is caused by acidity of soil and severe mountain climate that preclude rapid responses of vegetation to land-use changes. We conclude that mulching represents a good compromise maintaining both plant species and functional diversity as well as a relatively high biomass production. Mowing without grazing leads to gradual nutrient loss and thus reduces the productivity and diversity in these oligotrophic ecosystems. Fallowing causes gradual loss in diversity by increased grass competition and litter accumulation.     

Synthesis of polyaluminum chloride with a membrane reactor: Process characteristics and membrane fouling

Polyaluminum chloride was synthesized with a membrane reactor, and the process characteristics, membrane fouling and cleaning were investigated.     

好氧颗粒污泥处理青霉素废水研究

青霉素在其生产过中产生大量的废水,其COD值较高,生化性较差,成分复杂,微生物难以降解,其处理技术是世界性难题。文章采用以葡萄糖模拟废水培养的好氧颗粒污泥为接种体,经青霉素废水逐步驯化后,使其完全处理青霉素废水。实验结果表明,应用好氧颗粒污泥技术,处理青霉素废水,COD,NH3-N,TP去除率较高,具有很好的处理效果。     

抚顺市分段降水化学研究

本文采用分段监测的方式研究了抚顺市分段降水化学组成及其变化特征。结果表明：抚顺市降水中阴离子以SO42-、NO3-为主,阳离子以Ca2＋、NH4＋为主。分段降水中,pH值和各离子浓度随着降水时间的持续呈下降趋势。通过分析同一场降水中不同离子之间的相关性可以推断,抚顺市酸雨有可能受局地污染而成。     

碳纳米管的制备方法及在环保领域中的应用

介绍了碳纳米管的结构和特性,综述了其主要的制备方法,介绍了碳纳米管在环境治理、环境分析和环境保护等领域的应用,这些应用主要基于碳纳米管本身优异的吸附性能和电化学机械性能,最后探讨了目前碳纳米管在制备和环境应用中所存在的问题.     

钢铁企业工艺节水的技术途径研究

水资源短缺是中国钢铁企业发展的瓶颈,大力推广节水技术对促进企业的可持续发展具有积极意义。针对中国钢铁企业生产工艺与设备普遍落后、用水量大、水循环回用率低、水资源严重浪费的用水现状,从开发利用非常规水源、推广节水型工艺技术、强化串级用水和循环用水、废水处理技术等几方面探讨了钢铁企业工艺节水的技术途径,并对钢铁企业节水工作提出了几点建议。