氯氰菊酯暴露对龙须菜的胁迫影响

在实验室条件下研究了不同浓度氯氰菊酯胁迫下,龙须菜的生长状况及藻体生理生化指标变化情况.结果表明,龙须菜对氯氰菊酯敏感性较低,氯氰菊酯浓度低于100μg.L-1时对龙须菜生长的抑制作用不明显.在氯氰菊酯胁迫的24h内,龙须菜体内的叶绿素a、藻红蛋白、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均呈现出低浓度(5或10μg.L-1)促进、高浓度(10或50μg.L-1)抑制的现象.在本研究设置的氯氰菊酯浓度下(1～100μg.L-1),膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量均增加,呈现典型的剂量-反应关系,由氧自由基所引起的膜脂过氧化是氯氰菊酯对龙须菜产生毒害作用的重要原因.低浓度暴露早期SOD的激活以及蛋白质和糖类的促进作用对于抵抗氯氰菊酯的过氧化胁迫具有重要作用,但在高浓度氯氰菊酯胁迫下,SOD的失活致使氯氰菊酯对龙须菜产生明显毒性作用.     

Preparation of organically functionalized silica gel as adsorbent for copper ion adsorption

A novel adsorbent (AMPS-silica) was synthesized by bounding AMPS (2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid) onto silica surface, which functioned with -methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane reagent. The adsorbent was characterized by nitrogen adsorption/ desorption measurement, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and potentiometric titration analysis. The TGA result indicated that the surface modification reactions introduced some organic functional groups onto the surface of silica. The surface area of AMPSsilica was 389.7 m2/g. The adsorbent was examined for copper ion removal in series of batch adsorption experiments. Results showed that the adsorption of Cu2+ onto AMPS-silica was pH dependent, and the adsorption capacity increased with increasing pH from 2 to 6. The adsorption kinetics showed that Cu2+ adsorption was fast and the data fitted well with a pseudo second- order kinetic model. The adsorption of Cu2+ onto AMPS-silica obeyed both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms, with r2 = 0.993 and r2 = 0.984, respectively. The maximum Cu2+ adsorption capacity was 19.9 mg/g. The involved mechanism might be the adsorption through metal binding with organic functional groups such as carboxyl, amino and sulfonic groups. Cu2+ loaded on AMPS-silica could be desorbed in HNO3 solution, and the adsorption properties remain stable after three adsorption-desorption cycles.     

野三坡国家地质公园资源安全问题的探讨与思考

在对世界遗产--野三坡国家地质公园自然资源和人文资源进行分析的基础上,指出了该地质公园存在的资源安全问题,并针对这些安全问题提出了相应的对策和保护性措施.     

H2O2存在条件下冰相中苯酚的光化学转化

研究了在125W高压汞灯照射下,低温(-14～-12℃)反应装置中H2O2存在条件下冰相中苯酚的光转化反应,考察r冰相中苯酚光转化的影响因素以及光转化动力学过程.结果表明,冰相中苯酚光转化速率随着光强和H2O2初始浓度的增加而加快,随着苯酚初始浓度的增加而减慢;强酸条件促进了苯酚的光转化;苯酚的光解速率符合一级动力学模式.苯酚光解产物的GC-MS和LC-MS分析表明,苯酚在光解过程巾主要发乍了羟基化反应和偶联反应.     

对硫磷分子印迹膜传感器的制备及识别特性

用电聚合的方法在金电极上制备了以对硫磷为模板分子的自组装邻氨基硫酚分子印迹膜传感器.在含有5 mmol/L对硫磷模板分子、5mmol/L四丁基高氯酸铵支持电解质和30 mmol/L邻氨基硫酚的二氯甲烷的聚合液中于-0.3～1.4 V范围内循环伏安扫描30圈即得到邻氨基硫酚印迹聚合膜.结合在印迹膜上的对硫磷模板分子用0.5 mol/L HCl溶液超声20 min洗脱.循环伏安法用于电化学检测.当富集时间为10 min,磷酸盐缓冲溶液的pH=6.8时,在1.0×10-4～5.0×10-7mol/L浓度范围内与对硫磷还原峰电流成良好的线性关系,检测下限为2.0×10～mol/L.用分子印迹膜传感器对实际样品进行分析,回收率为98.0%～104%.印迹膜传感器和非印迹膜传感器对一系列与对硫磷相近似的化合物如甲基对硫磷、对氧磷、辛硫磷、氧乐果、硝基苯及邻、间、对硝基苯酚进行检测,该传感器对对硫磷具有良好的选择性和灵敏度.     

降雨条件下岩溶碳汇的动态变化特征——以桂林毛村地下河为例

2010年6月13日至6月17日期间,对桂林毛村岩溶地下河出口HCO3-与流量对降雨的响应进行了高分辨率的监测,实时监测降雨量和地下河出口河水水位、水温、pH值、电导率、重碳酸根,结合计算地下河水方解石饱和指数(SIc)与二氧化碳分压(pCO2)的基础上,分析了降雨条件下岩溶碳汇的动态变化特征.相关数据表明,(1)岩溶...     

内陆丘陵河谷地区小风条件下的大气扩散模拟研究

针对湖南中部丘陵河谷地区的气象特点,开展了小风条件下大气扩散的数值模拟研究,并与示踪实验结果进行比较.模拟采用美国EPA推荐的非稳态拉格朗日高斯烟团模式CALPUFF,以加密的地面气象观测资料、边界层垂直廓线观测资料和铁塔多层湍流观测资料作为模拟气象场的输入.中等风速和小风条件下的模拟结果表明:模式对地表类型及资料的分...     

Particle size distribution and removal by a chemical-biological flocculation process

The particle characterization from the influent and effluent of a chemical-biological flocculation （CBF） process was studied with a laser diffraction device. Water samples from a chemically enhanced primary treatment （CEPT） process and a primary sediment tank process were also analyzed for comparison. The results showed that CBF process was not only effective for both the big size particles and small size particles removal, but also the best particle removal process in the three processes. The results also indicated that CBF process was superior to CEPT process in the heavy metals removal. The high and non-selective removal for heavy metals might be closely related to its strong ability to eliminate small particles. Samples from different locations in CBF reactors showed that small particles were easier to aggregate into big ones and those disrupted flocs could properly flocculate again along CBF reactor because of the biological flocculation.     

昆明市松华坝水库流域氮磷非点源污染产生负荷估算

以松华坝水库为研究对象,对水库水源区污染负荷产生量和入库量进行估算,结果表明:水源区各种污染源产生的负荷量为:TN=527.41t/a,TP=144.24t/a。畜禽粪便是流域氮磷非点源污染的最大产生源。各污染源产生的TN负荷量排列为:畜禽粪便>农业固废>生活垃圾>化肥流失>水土流失>生活污水;TP负荷量情况排列为:畜禽粪便>农业固废>化肥流失>水土流失>生活垃圾>生活污水。     

某铜矿尾矿库对周围环境影响污染评价研究

运用模糊综合型评价法对某铜矿尾矿库区土壤和水体中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr 5种重金属含量进行评价以及尾矿库矿渣泥土重金属化学形态分析,结果表明:铜矿尾矿库对周边土壤和水体有不同程度的重金属污染,矿库矿渣泥土为重污染V类,其污染主导因子为Cu;尾矿库周边植被覆盖土为中污染Ⅳ类,其主导污染因子为Cd;矿库渗漏水下游土壤和远离尾矿库区土壤为轻污染Ⅲ类,其主导污染因子为Cd;矿渣泥土重金属各形态以铁锰氧化物结合态、残渣态、可交换态为主,其中Cu的可交换态所占比列极小,为0.24%;尾矿积水、尾矿库渗漏水和尾矿库渗漏水下游溪水均为极严重污染5级,尾矿积水中主导污染因子为Cu、Pb、Cd,尾矿库渗漏水和尾矿库渗漏水下游溪水主导污染因子为Cd。