Adsorption of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole from aqueous solution by organo-bentonite

The adsorption behavior of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole onto organo-bentonite was investigated.Natural bentonite from Gaozhou in Guangdong Province,China was collected.Organo-bentonite was prepared by intercalation of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide into the natural bentonite.The physicochemical properties of the prepared organo-bentonite were characterized by X-ray diffraction,N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The results showed that montmorillonite is the main component of the natural bentonite.The basal spacing of the natural bentonite is 1.47 nm,which increased to 1.98 nm on intercalation with cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide.Moreover,both the surface area and pore volume increased with intercalation.Clear CH2 stretching(3000-2800 cm-1) and scissoring(1480-1450 cm-1) modes of the intercalated surfactants were observed for organobentonite.Compared with the pseudo first-order kinetic model,the pseudo second-order kinetic model is more suitable to describe the adsorption kinetics of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole onto organo-bentonite.The adsorption capacity of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole onto organo-bentonite increased with increasing initial concentration of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole,but decreased with increasing adsorbent dosage.The adsorption isotherm of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole onto organo-bentonite fits well with the Langmuir model.The maximum adsorption capacity of organo-bentonite for 2-mercaptobenzothiazole was 33.61 mg/g,indicating that organo-bentonite is a promising adsorbent for 2-mercaptobenzothiazole.     

Soil microbial community structure and function responses to successive planting of Eucalyptus

Many studies have shown soil degradation after the conversion of native forests to exotic Eucalyptus plantations. However, few studies have investigated the long-term impacts of short-rotation forestry practices on soil microorganisms. The impacts of Eucalyptus successive rotations on soil microbial communities were evaluated by comparing phospholipid fatty acid （PLFA） abundances, compositions, and enzyme activities of native Pinus massoniana plantations and adjacent 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th generation Eucalyptus plantations. The conversion from P. massoniana to Eucalyptus plantations significantly decreased soil microbial community size and enzyme activities, and increased microbial physiological stress. However, the PLFA abundances formed ＂U＂ shaped quadratic functions with Eucalyptus plantation age. Alternatively, physiological stress biomarkers, the ratios of monounsaturated to saturated fatty acid and Gram＋ to Gram- bacteria, formed ＂∩＂ shaped quadratic functions, and the ratio of cy17：0 to 16： 1ω7c decreased with plantation age. The activities of phenol oxidase, peroxidase, and acid phosphatase increased with Eucalyptus plantation age, while the cellobiobydrolase activity formed ＂U＂ shaped quadratic functions. Soil N：P, alkaline hydrolytic nitrogen, soil organic carbon, and understory cover largely explained the variation in PLFA profiles while soil N：P, alkaline hydrolytic nitrogen, and understory cover explained most of the variability in enzyme activity. In conclusion, soil microbial structure and function under Eucalyptus plantations were strongly impacted by plantation age. Most of the changes could be explained by altered soil resource availability and understory cover associated with successive planting of Eucalyptus. Our results highlight the importance of plantation age for assessing the impacts of plantation conversion as well as the importance of reducing disturbance for plantation management.     

黄菖蒲有机酸组分对铜绿微囊藻的化感作用

采用液液萃取的方法得到黄菖蒲(Iris pseudacorus L.)水浸提液的有机酸组分,抑藻实验表明高浓度有机酸组分对铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)的生长具有明显的抑制作用,表现为添加1和2 mL有机酸组分时,第6天铜绿微囊藻生物量显著降低,培养过程中,铜绿微囊藻的叶绿素a含量逐渐减少,而超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量呈现先增加后逐渐降低的趋势,表明有机酸组分能够明显抑制铜绿微囊藻SOD的活性,引起细胞的氧化损伤,促进叶绿素的分解,从而导致藻类死亡。通过气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术对有机酸组分进行分析,鉴定出24种有机酸类物质,其中包括15种脂肪酸类物质和9种酚酸类物质。根据总离子流图中各物质的峰面积得到脂肪酸类物质的相对含量为19.01%,其中相对含量超过1%的有琥珀酸、辛酸、软脂酸、丁酸和戊酸;酚酸类物质的相对含量为16.98%,其中相对含量超过1%的有苯甲酸、苯乙酸、苯丙酸、氢化肉桂酸和苯乙酸甲酯。     

北大港水库底泥盐分释放规律研究

底泥的盐分释放是滨海地区淡水库水质咸化的主要原因之一,而包括上覆水条件在内的多种因素可能影响到底泥的盐分释放。为了研究底泥盐分释放的规律和主要影响因素,采集了天津滨海地区典型淡水库——北大港水库底泥样品,测定了盐分含量,并通过室内模拟实验,研究了底泥盐分含量、上覆水水深、上覆水盐浓度以及扰动对底泥盐分释放的影响。调查结果表明,库区底泥全盐量为0.095%~0.818%,总体属轻盐化土和中盐化土,库心底泥盐分含量明显高于库周底泥。室内模拟实验表明,底泥含盐量越高,盐分释放通量越大;实验条件下上覆水越深,上覆水盐分含量越低,底泥盐分释放通量越大;上覆水扰动会促进底泥盐分释放。该研究认为,底泥盐分释放受底泥盐分含量和上覆水理化因素的多重影响,对其释放规律的研究有助于更好地解释滨海地区水体的咸化机制。     

餐饮废弃物的危害及环境管理对策

介绍了餐饮废弃物的特点,处理不当污染环境,探讨餐饮废弃物无害化处理方式,并提出了针对餐饮业废弃物的环境管理对策。     

国家相关政策法规对石化企业建设项目环保管理的影响分析

分析了近期国家陆续出台的各项政策对中国石化建设项目管理的影响,并提出了对策建议.     

保护层分析应用规则研究

为了确保保护层分析(LOPA)结果的客观性和可靠性,对LOPA的应用规则进行了探讨.按照LOPA应用的基本程序,对场景筛选、确定初始事件、独立保护层评估、场景频率计算、风险决策及后续跟踪等的相关规则进行了阐述.企业在应用LOPA时,应严格按照这些规则进行.     

环境保护规划评估考核技术方法与实践研究

环境保护规划评估与考核是及时掌握规划实施进展、督促各方实施规划以及保障规划顺利实施的重要手段和措施。在探讨总结国内外公共部门规划政策实施绩效评估与考核工作的进展与经验基础上,分析归纳规划实施绩效的一般评估与考核方法,并结合《国家环境保护“十一五”规划》中期评估与终期考核具体实践,对未来环境保护规划的评估与考核工作提出了4条建议：（1）进一步加强评估考核的体制建设;（2）提高定性评估技术水平;（3）研讨评估技术的实际应用;（4）工程设施领域的评估内容应从重建设转向重运营。     

排污权交易指标关联要素探讨

目前,排污权有偿使用和交易作为各地环保工作体制、机制创新的热点,是利用经济手段促进环境保护的有益尝试。本文从指标来源、指标使用期限、与污染减排的关系、技术支撑以及指标交易后续监管五个方面分析了排污权交易指标关联要素,得出交易指标与国家政策、污染减排以及环境监管密切相关的结论,从完善国家政策、强化与污染减排衔接和突出指标后续监管三个方面提出了相应的对策建议。     

泰州市能源发展"十一五"规划环评研究

通过对泰州市能源发展"十一五"规划环评进行研究,着重分析了规划实施中对环境资源的消耗.根据当地环境资源的支撑能力,明确提出了调整能源结构等切实可行的应对措施及环境影响的减缓措施,通过采取一系列环境影响减缓措施,力求把区域经济建设等发展规模,控制在生态环境容量许可范围内.