重庆废弃煤矿区表层土壤多环芳烃污染特征及风险评价

随着煤炭行业的萧条,废弃煤矿逐渐增加。为有效管理和改善矿区废弃地环境生态系统,采集废弃22年的重庆中梁山马家沟煤矿区内18个表层土壤样品和1个煤矸石样品,以及矿区之外的2个背景土壤样品,分析样品中多环芳烃（USEPA 16 PAHs）、正构烷烃（n-alkanes）、汞（Hg）和有机质（OM）含量水平。结果表明,表层土壤中PAHs的平均含量为170.3 ng/g,低于我国正在运行的煤矿区土壤PAHs含量水平,高于山区背景土壤PAHs含量水平。主成分分析（PCA）结果表明煤燃烧释放和原煤残渣分别贡献78.3%和17.6%,是表层土壤中PAHs的主要来源。PAHs与n-alkanes的相关系数r=0.83（P<0.01）,表明土壤中两者具有类似的输入途径和富集行为。PAHs与Hg之间不存在相关性,表明煤矿长期废弃后,这两种与矿区活动释放有关的污染物的环境归趋有显著差异。PAHs和OM之间也不存在相关性,表明与煤矿相关的有机质来源已经被植物、微生物的分泌物质及其残体的有机质替代,生态环境正逐步恢复。风险评价结果表明PAHs含量水平相对安全。值得注意的是,Hg含量超过农用地土壤污染风险筛选值。因此,政府对矿区旧址的土地利用应当基于多污染参数的叠加结果,避免单一指标的片面性评价与诊断。     

反馈环断裂下的安全知识积累与扩散仿真研究

为了研究个体死亡引发反馈环断裂对安全知识积累和扩散的影响,采用元胞自动机方法,构建了多层次、多状态、多行为的安全知识积累和扩散演化模型。然后运用交替变量控制法进行仿真实验,获取605组数据,并对所得数据进行层次回归分析。研究结果表明:个体死亡会阻碍安全知识积累且会加剧个体间知识差异,同时事故率的增加会提高知识积累机会和个体死亡机会,产生复杂的双向对冲效应;替代者知识水平能够对安全知识积累和扩散产生较大的正向影响,并能削弱个体死亡的负向影响;事故见证者的增加也能够产生一定的正向影响。据此提出“数量型死亡悖论”,并指出促进安全知识积累和扩散的重点方向。     

中国环境中氮循环的动态模式

对中国960万km~2范围内氮的生物地球化学循环作了初步探讨。该工作建立在对大气、土、生物及水圈界面氮的流通量的研究基础上,以数学方式模拟氮的生物地球化学循环规律,并预测各圈中氮的库存量和流通量的变化趋势。经过验证,模式的收敛性、稳定性及可信度均是好的。     

辽宁省渔业产业结构调整及其优化研究

加快渔业产业结构调整、刺激渔业经济增长,是辽宁省渔业经济发展的现实需要。从2000—2012年的经济数据分析来看,辽宁省渔业产业结构现状是支柱产业稳定、主导产业发展潜力小、潜导产业向主导产业转移。采用Gompertz曲线预测,得出2015年辽宁省渔业经济总产值年均增长速度为9.5%,与农业部发布的《全国渔业发展"十二五"规划》中2015年渔业经济总产值年均增速10.2%的发展目标存在一定的差距,以此为基础提出辽宁省渔业产业结构优化的具体路径选择。     

Effects of environmental conditions,low-level potassium,ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid,or combination treatment on radiocesium-137 decontamination in Napier grass

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Phytoextraction is widely used to remove environmental pollutants such as heavy metals or radionuclides from soil. It is important to understand how...     

深圳地铁一期工程施工安全管理概况

我国越来越多城市正在新建、扩建或计划建设地铁,而地铁安全生产文明施工是值得地铁工程建设安全生产责任单位非常关注、重视的课题.结合安全生产有关法律法规,重点针对建设单位在建设工程中的安全责任,介绍深圳地铁一期工程的主要安全管理工作.     

矿井水源判别的GA-SVM模型研究

作为水在岩体中流动通道的渗透结构面,微观上表现出不连续性和高度的非线性等特点,因此,矿井充水水源具有不确定性、非线性。传统水化学判别分析方法往往难以准确地描述这种复杂的非线性特征,因而对矿井水源进行准确判别尚存在一定的困难。在传统SVM(Support Vector Machine,SVM)的基础上,利用遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm,GA)对传统SVM进行优化,克服了传统SVM模型参数选取经验化的弊端,并利用该方法对开磷集团马路坪矿几种水源的6个化学样本进行训练,建立了GA-SVM模型。实例分析表明,该模型判别结果与实际情况相符合,表明该模型在矿井水源判别中具有良好的实用性和有效性。     

The status of flood wastes treatment and future tasks in South Korea

Natural disasters such as typhoon, flood, and heavy rainfall cause damage in South Korea every year during the summer season. After each rainy season, South Korea suffers not only from flood wastes but also from debris that pile up at dams and stagnate at the estuary of the river. Thus, it is very important to handle these types of wastes as quickly as possible to recover from flood damages and to prevent environmental contamination such as offensive odor and water contamination by the leachate from flood wastes. Other countries such as Japan or USA have established and implemented regulations and guidelines for flood waste. Note, however, that South Korea did not establish practical guidelines; hence, the urgency of establishing practical measures for flood waste. In this study, we suggested various ways of making environmentally sound guidelines including the method of reducing the amount of flood waste by environmentally sound treatment process for flood waste, and the method of setting up and operating the temporary storage site for purposes of efficient separation and treatment of flood waste.     

Preliminary environmental impact assessment of PFOS waste treatment in a lab-scale batch subcritical water decomposition operation

Life cycle assessment (LCA) was carried out by SimaPro 7.3 to study the environmental impact of a lab-scale batch subcritical water decomposition operation for a kilogram of Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) waste treatment in this study, a proven process for the decomposition of PFOS pollutants with high concentration. This LCA focuses on not only the main environmental factors from emissions of toxic pollutants, but also the influence from technical characteristics of the iron-induced subcritical water technology including energy and substances consumption during the subcritical water decomposition treatment process. The IMPACT 2002+ environmental model was used to evaluate the 15 midpoint and 4 end-point environmental damages. It was found that the energy consumption to sustain the high temperature (350 °C) and high pressure (23 MPa) in the subcritical water process contributes 99.8 % of the damages. The total negative impact of the SCWD process for 1 kg of PFOS waste treatment to human health, ecological quality, climate change and resources amounts to 1.11 × 10^?3, 8.43 × 10^?5, 9.76 × 10^?4, 9.05 × 10^?4 Pt, respectively. And the improvement of energy efficiency and catalytic effectiveness are two important factors to reduce the environmental impact from the SCWD process for the treatment of PFOS waste.