水力旋流沉淀器在精对苯二甲酸废水处理中的应用

阐述了新型SXD水力旋流沉淀器的工作原理及结构特点，并从理论和实际应用两方面分析了影响水力旋流器处理效果的因素，评价了其在精对苯二甲酸废水处理中的性能。     

铬渣中Cr(Ⅵ)制取铬黄颜料的资源化技术研究

用蒸馏水在直径52 mm和80 mm的有机玻管中淋浸风化铬渣,在渣水比为250 g/200mL、500 g/400 mL和750 g/600 mL的3种方案中,750 g/600 mL的效果最佳.在2种不同管径装置中,可分别得到Cr(Ⅵ)总溶出率为94.0%、98.7%的良好淋浸效果.将含Cr(Ⅵ)的淋滤液替代商品重铬酸钠成功地制备出柠檬铬黄、中铬黄、浅铬黄,PbCrO4含量指标符合国标要求.相对于铅盐、Na2CrO4的理论反应用量,Cr(Ⅵ)浓度为26.21 g/L时,不仅可获取理想的铬黄生成量,而且可使沉淀分离液中检不出Cr(Ⅵ)残留量,但高于此浓度则会出现Cr(Ⅵ)残留.理论值1.15倍的铅盐用量可使Cr(Ⅵ)沉淀完全,铬黄达最高产率.廉价矿物材料改性磷灰石等可用于外排废液中Pb2+的吸附去除,以控制二次污染.利用铬渣中Cr(Ⅵ)溶出液直接制取铬黄颜料,可为铬渣资源化处理开辟一条新途径并获得明显的经济效益.     

Outdoor recreation planning and management considering FROS and carrying capacities: a case study of forest wetland in Yeongam-gum,South Korea

Environment, Development and Sustainability - Since demand for outdoor recreation in forests has been increasing, a structural planning framework for sustainable use while minimizing ecosystem...     

某型飞机APU舱灭火系统设计

旨在设计某型飞机的APU舱灭火系统。通过对已有机型的分析和适航条款的解读,对灭火系统的安装方式和灭火瓶的安装位置进行了研究,计算了所需的灭火剂剂量,使用FLUENT仿真软件模拟了灭火喷嘴的位置和灭火剂喷射效果,为灭火系统的布局和优化提供参考。     

Ammonium sulfide-assisted hydrothermal activation of palygorskite for enhanced adsorption of methyl violet

Herein,palygorskite(PAL)was activated via a simple hydrothermal process in the presence of ammonium sulfide,and the effects of activation on the microstructure,physico-chemical feature and adsorption behaviors of PAL were intensively investigated.The hydrothermal process evidently improved the dispersion of PAL crystal bundles,increased surface negative charges and built more active –Si–O-groups served as the new"adsorption sites".The adsorption property of the activated PAL for Methyl Violet(MV)was systematically investigated by optimizing the adsorption variables,including p H,ionic strength,contact time and initial MV concentration.The activated PAL exhibited a superior adsorption capability to the raw PAL for the removal of MV(from 156.05 to 218.11 mg/g).The kinetics for MV adsorption followed pseudo second-order kinetic models,while the isotherm and thermodynamics results showed that the adsorption pattern well followed the Langmuir model.The structure analysis of PAL before and after adsorption demonstrated that electrostatic interaction and chemical association of –X–O-are the prominent driving forces for the adsorption process.     

A Preliminary Study on Soil–Gas Radon Geochemistry According to Different Bedrock Geology in Korea

Three study areas of Kwanak campus (Seoul National University), Boeun (Choongbuk) and Gapyung (Kyonggi) were selected and classified according to their bedrock types in order to investigate soil–gas radon concentrations. The mean values of radon concentrations decreased in the order of Gapyung (40BqL^–1) > Kwanak campus (30BqL^–1) > Boeun (22BqL^–1), and decreased in the order of granite gneiss > banded gneiss > granite > black slate–shale > mica schist > shale–limestone > phyllite schist according to bed rock types. Variation in radon emanation with water content in soils and with soil grain size was assessed by the modified Morse (1976) 3min method. Soil–gas radon concentrations increased with increasing water content in the range of less than about 6–16wt.%, but decreased above 6–16wt.%. Radon concentrations also increased with decreasing soil grain size. Radioactivity analysis of radionuclides of ²³⁸U series in some soil samples indicated their possible radioactive disequilibrium between ²²⁶Ra and ²³⁸U due to the differing geochemical behaviour of intermediate radionuclides. Thus, a radioactive isotope geochemical approach should be necessary for soil–gas radon study.     

Selective catalytic reduction of NO x from exhaust of lean-burn engine over Ag-Al2O3/cordierite catalyst

A highly effective Ag-Al₂O₃ catalyst was prepared using the in-situ sol-gel method, and characterized by surface area using nitrogen adsorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The catalyst performance was tested on a real lean-burn gasoline engine. Only unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide in the exhaust were directly used as reductant (without any external reductant), the maximum NO _x conversion could only reach 40% at 450°C. When an external reductant, ethanol was added, the average NO _x conversion was greater than 60%. At exhaust gas temperature range of 350–500°C, the maximum NO _x conversion reached about 90%. CO and HC could be efficiently oxidized with Pt-Al₂O₃ oxidation catalyst placed at the end of SCR converter. However, NO _x conversion drastically decreased because of the oxidation of some intermediates to NO _x again. The possible reaction mechanism was proposed as two typical processes, nitration, and reduction in HC-SCR over Ag-Al₂O₃.     

Quality control and flux gap filling strategy for Bowen ratio method: revisiting the Priestley–Taylor evaporation model

Micrometeorological measurements were made over an irrigated rice paddy during the Huaihe River Basin Experiment (HUBEX) in 1999. This study addresses the quality control and gap filling strategy for the heat fluxes with the Bowen ratio energy balance (BREB) method. It also endeavors to benefit future studies through comparing five methodologies to estimate the net water exchange. First, a three-step quality control strategy is constructed. Its first two steps guarantee the correct flux directions and reject suspicious data, respectively. The third step forbids supersaturation by considering the Bowen ratio ranges for different flux combinations (termed as “scenarios”). The quality-controlled latent heat (LE) and sensible heat (H) fluxes fall in three scenarios, namely I (LE > 0, H > 0), II (LE > 0, H < 0), and IV (LE < 0, H < 0). Second, the Priestley–Taylor evaporation model (PTEM) is applied to fill the gaps of LE, while the energy balance relationship is used to gap-fill H, namely H = R _N − G − LE (R _N : net radiation; G: soil heat flux). Central to the success of this strategy is the idea to calibrate the Priestley–Taylor parameter (α) in a scenario-specific manner. On average, α values are calibrated as 1.20 and 1.35 for scenario I and II, respectively. For scenario IV, most α values lie in a narrow range, namely from 0.9 to 1.0. Then, α is calibrated as 0.97 to extend the applicability of the PTEM to condensation (negative LE). The scenario-specific treatment explicitly explains the diurnal variation of α derived without distinguishing the scenarios. Third, five methodologies are compared in the calculation of net water exchange, including PTEM-gap-filled BREB method (M1), energy-balance-based eddy covariance method (M2), and three simplified models to estimate LE, respectively as R _N − H, R _N − G, and R _N . A major finding is that G and H have a similar effect of about 3% in the net water exchange. Thus, if either is neglected, the net evaporation should be slightly lowered to avoid overestimate, by 3% as a rule of thumb from this work.     

柴油车氧化催化剂在抑制硫酸盐颗粒物形成方面的研究进展

柴油车氧化催化剂能够有效减少柴油车尾气中颗粒物的排放量 ,但是催化剂对尾气中SO2 的氧化会导致硫酸盐形成和释放 ,使总颗粒物的去除效果下降 ,因此 ,控制催化剂上硫酸盐颗粒物的形成相当关键。本文从选择活性组分、助剂、载体涂层及相应的制备工艺方面总结评述了近年来有关抑制硫酸盐颗粒物形成新采用的主要催化剂技术。