基于改进DRASTIC模型、GIS和层次分析法(AHP)的地下水U(Ⅵ)污染风险评价

以某铀尾矿库为例,应用层次分析法(AHP)对DRASTIC进行改进,得出AHP-DRASTICLL模型,并构建了综合指数体系,在此基础上,基于GIS平台对某铀尾矿库区地下水受U(Ⅵ)污染风险进行了评价和污染区的污染风险划分.由地下水风险区划图得出尾矿库周围与砂卵砾石层区风险较高,丘陵地带风险较低,其结果较好地反映了实际的污染风险现状.     

燃烧室复杂结构的热振特性研究

目的提高复杂飞行器结构在服役过程中的安全性和稳定性问题。方法以复杂结构燃烧室为例,从数值模拟和试验两方面入手,研究不同工况下结构的动力学参数随温度变化的规律。结果随着温度的升高,模态频率呈下降趋势,模态阻尼呈升高、下降再升高的趋势,加热对结构的模态振型无影响。结论对于自由-自由状态的燃烧室结构,在加热的过程中,影响模态频率下降的主要因素是弹性模量的变化,热应力和几何非线性的变化可以不考虑。同时通过开展燃烧室结构的自由-自由状态热模态试验验证了数值模拟方法的正确性。     

基于主成分分析的大兴安岭高寒区典型火烧迹地土壤质量评价研究

以大兴安岭高寒区典型火烧迹地为研究对象,选取土壤表层（0 cm～5 cm）枯落层厚度、土壤含水率、午间均温、土壤容重、水稳性团聚体、pH等12项表征土壤物理、化学、生物学性质的指标,运用主成份分析方法,对森林土壤质量进行评价。结果显示：林火对所有指标的影响度均达到显著水平（ρ＜0.01）。对照林地综合得分（0.194）明显大于火烧迹地综合得分（0.101）,表明林火短期内可使森林土壤质量降低。     

基于流式细胞技术的铜绿微囊藻自动识别参数筛选方法研究

微囊藻的快速定量研究是水华预防与控制的重要研究内容,本研究基于浮游植物流式细胞仪,探讨了铜绿微囊藻特征指标体系建立的方法.研究发现FL Red Average为将藻细胞与培养体系中杂质有效区分的最重要的指标.通过与显微计数和蛋白核小球藻的重复试验验证了该指标的有效性.在此基础上,以蛋白核小球藻为干扰信号,探讨了铜绿微囊藻特征指标建立的方法.结果表明,红色荧光信号均值(FL Red Average)为铜绿微囊藻最重要的特征指标,能实现铜绿微囊藻与杂质信号和蛋白核小球藻的有效区分.为兼顾准确与效率,结合指标的生理意义与数学特征,建议FL Red Average、SWS Average与FL Orange Average为铜绿微囊藻特征指标,相应的取值范围为1.39 mv～17.72 mv、22.05 mv～781.15 mv和0.43 mv～ 1.84 mv.     

Ecological and health risks of DDTs and HCHs in surface water from the upper reaches of the Huaihe River

Based on the available toxicity data and the concentrations of DDTs and HCHs in surface water from the upper reaches of the Huaihe River, overlapping areas of probability density and margin of safety (MOS₁₀) were used to estimate the risk levels of DDTs and HCHs to aquatic organisms. The overlapping areas of α-HCH, γ-HCH, p,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDD, and p,p′-DDT were found to be 9.3 × 10^?5, 4.6 × 10^?3, 4.3 × 10^?2, 2.2 × 10^?2, and 4.2 × 10^?2, respectively. The risks from DDTs were higher than those from HCHs, the risk from α-HCH being the smallest. The MOS₁₀ values of α-HCH, γ-HCH, p,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDD, and p,p′-DDT were 2.6 × 10³, 97, 5.9, 15, and 8.6, respectively, i.e. greater than 1.0, indicating limited overlaps between the distributions of exposure concentrations and of toxicity data, and thus minimal ecological risk. Health risk calculations based on incremental lifetime risks for HCHs and DDTs were conducted to evaluate human cancer risk and non-carcinogenic hazard. The total cancer risks from organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the studied area were in the range of 10^?8–10^?7, lower than the baseline value of acceptable risk (10^?6). Non-carcinogenic hazard indices of OCPs ranging from 10^?6 to 10^?5 were much lower than the threshold values (1.0). These results suggest that the water from the upper reaches of the Huaihe River does not pose any health risk for local residents using river water as a source for drinking water.     

秦皇岛近岸海域环境综合整治效果及防治对策

近年来,秦皇岛市通过实施关停非法排污企业、区域限批、治理农业面源等一系列环境综合整治措施,近岸海域水质明显改善。针对秦皇岛近岸海域污染的主要原因(陆源工业废水、生活污水、畜禽养殖业废水、粪便的排放和种植业农药化肥不合理使用造成氮、磷等营养物质流失等),从调整产业结构、控制陆源污染排放和完善执法机制等方面,提出了进一步治理的综合防治对策。     

Interpolating SRTM Elevation Data to Higher Resolution to Improve Hydrologic Analysis

The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) digital elevation model (DEM) has been a valuable resource for hydrological analysis, providing elevation data at a consistent resolution on a near‐global scale. However, its resolution (three arc‐second or 90 m) is sometimes too low to obtain the desired level of accuracy and precision for hydrologic analysis. We evaluated the performance of several methods for interpolating SRTM three arc‐second data to a 30‐m resolution grid to better represent topography and derive terrain characteristics of the landscape. STRM data were interpolated to 30‐m DEMs on a common grid using spline, inverse distance weighting (IDW), kriging (KR), natural neighbor methods, and cubic convolution (CC) resampling. Accuracy of the methods was assessed by comparing interpolated and resampled 30‐m grids with the reference data. Slope, aspect, sinks, and stream networks were derived for the 30‐m grids and compared on a cell‐by‐cell basis to evaluate their performance in reproducing the derivatives. The comparisons identify spline and KR as the most accurate interpolation methods, of which spline is preferred because of its relative simplicity. IDW provided the greatest bias in all methods with artifacts evident in slope and aspect maps. The performance of CC projection directly to a 30‐m resolution was comparable to spline interpolation, thus is recommended as the most convenient method for interpolating SRTM to a higher resolution.     

大面积停电下配电网重要用户的应急供电策略研究

为研究电网较长时间停电环境下应急发电车与发电燃油供应协同优化调度问题,首先在电力公司管理现状基础上,通过对重要用户识别分析,按照是否自行配备发电机将重要用户进行分类,针对已经配备发电机的用户,重点考虑周期性供应燃油,对未配备发电机的用户,电力公司需紧急调度有限移动应急发电车,据此构建2阶段的移动应急发电车和油料供应模型以保证重要用户的紧急供电不会中断（第1阶段为电力公司应急发电车指派,第2阶段为加油站油料补充分配）。然后,将该调度问题转化为移动应急发电车指派问题和运油车路径问题的非线性混合模型,针对非线性目标函数和约束条件,通过引入大M法和变量替换进行线性化,得到混合整数线性规划,最小化负荷损失和成本为目标。最后,以某市电网重要用户为例,验证上述模型有效性,并通过原模型与聚类模型对比强调有限移动应急发电车的有效利用具备一定重要性。研究结果对电网公司保障应急供电具有重要指导意义。     

Removal of tetracycline from water by Fe-Mn binary oxide

Significant concerns have been raised over the presence of antibiotics including tetracyclines in aquatic environments. A series of Fe-Mn binary oxide with different Fe:Mn molar ratios was synthesized by a simultaneous oxidation and coprecipitation process for TC removal. Results showed that Fe-Mn binary oxide had higher removal efficiency than that of hydrous iron oxide and hydrous manganese oxide, and that the oxide with a Fe:Mn molar ratio of 5:1 was the best in removal than other molar ratios. The tetracycline removal was highly pH dependent. The removal of tetracycline decreased with the increase of initial concentration, but the absolute removal quantity was more at high concentration. The presence of cations and anions such as Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, CO₃^2- and SO₄^2- had no significant effect on the tetracycline removal in our experimental conditions, while SiO₃^2- and PO₄^3- had hindered the adsorption of tetracycline. The mechanism investigation found that tetracycline removal was mainly achieved by the replacement of surface hydroxyl groups by the tetracycline species and formation of surface complexes at the water/oxide interface. This primary study suggests that Fe-Mn binary oxide with a proper Fe:Mn molar ratio will be a very promising material for the removal of tetracycline from aqueous solutions.     

原油汽车罐车油罐爆炸事故原因分析及预防

以原油汽车罐车油罐爆炸事故为背景,通过分析这起事故的成因,提供了调查此起油罐爆炸的思路,并提出预防措施和对策.