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841.
Arsenic (As) contamination has become a serious environmental problem in many countries. We have performed batch-type leaching
experiments on mine tailing soils collected from three abandoned mine areas in South Korea with the objective of evaluating
the effect of indigenous bacterial activity on As mobilization. The analysis of physicochemical properties and mineralogical
compositions of the samples indicated that the secondary minerals or phases formed as a result of the oxidation or alteration
of primary minerals were associated with the labile and bioleachable fractions of As. Compared to simulated abiotic processes
using sterilization, the indigenous bacteria activated using a carbon source were able to enhance the dissolution of As under
both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The bacterial dissolution of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) was found to occur simultaneously
with the dissolution of As, suggesting that the main bacterial mechanism was via the dissimilatory reduction of Fe(III),
Mn(IV), and As(V). An anaerobic environment was more favorable for the prominent dissolution of As in the tailing soils. These
results indicate that the mobilization of As can be enhanced in the oxygen-depleted part of the tailing dump, particularly
with the infiltration of organic substrates. The difference in the degree of As lixiviation between the three tailing soils
was found to be related to the bioavailability of As as well as the original biomass in the tailing soils. 相似文献
842.
Enver Guler Deniz Ozakdag Muserref Arda Mithat Yuksel Nalan Kabay 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2010,32(4):335-339
The effect of feed seawater temperature on the quality of product water in a reverse osmosis process was investigated using
typical seawater at Urla Bay, Izmir region, Turkey. The tests were carried out at different feed seawater temperatures (11–23°C)
using two RO modules with one membrane element each. A number of variables, including pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids,
salinity, rejection percentage of a number of ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl−, HCO3
−, and SO4
2−), and the levels of boron and turbidities in collected permeates, were measured. The suitability of these permeates as irrigation
and drinking water was checked by comparison with water quality standards. 相似文献
843.
In this paper, we propose a semiparametric survival model to investigate the pattern of spatial and temporal variation in
disease prevalence of chronic wasting disease (CWD) in wild deer in Wisconsin over the years 2002 and 2006. The semiparametric
survival model we suggested allows to build a more flexible model than the parametric model with fewer parametric assumptions
by modeling the baseline hazard using a Gamma process prior. Based on the proposed model, we investigate the geographical
distribution of CWD, and assess the effect of sex on disease prevalence. We use a Bayesian hierarchical framework where latent
parameters capture temporal and spatial trends in disease incidence, incorporating sex and spatially correlated random effects.
We also propose bivariate baseline hazard which change over age and time simultaneously to adopt different effects of age
and time on the baseline hazard. Inference is carried out by using MCMC simulation techniques in a fully Bayesian framework.
Our results suggest that disease has been spreaded mainly in the disease eradication zone and male deer show a significantly
higher infection probability than female deer. 相似文献
844.
Jorge M. Mendes Patrícia Cortés de Zea Bermudez José Pereira K. F. Turkman M. J. P. Vasconcelos 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2010,17(1):1-28
In Portugal, due to the combination of climatological and ecological factors, large wildfires are a constant threat and due
to their economic impact, a big policy issue. In order to organize efficient fire fighting capacity and resource management,
correct quantification of the risk of large wildfires are needed. In this paper, we quantify the regional risk of large wildfire
sizes, by fitting a Generalized Pareto distribution to excesses over a suitably chosen high threshold. Spatio-temporal variations
are introduced into the model through model parameters with suitably chosen link functions. The inference on these models
are carried using Bayesian Hierarchical Models and Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. 相似文献
845.
Traditionally it has been assumed by ecologists that the dispersion of positions with respect to leks of female capercaillies
during the mating season is superior to the dispersion of positions of male capercaillies. However some recently published
articles suggest the idea that dispersion is not sex-biased, but both sexes show a similar dispersion. This article introduces
a mathematical model to approach the study of the above question by means of an indexed dispersion criterion. This model is
developed in detail thus deriving its main mathematical properties. On this basis, the model is applied to the analysis of
the motivating problem with real data of positions of leks and female and male capercaillies. The results derived by means
of the model put into doubt the traditional assumption of a superior dispersion of females supporting the new theories, that
is, both sexes show a similar dispersion. 相似文献
846.
Susan Barrett Peter Whittle Kerrie Mengersen Richard Stoklosa 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2010,17(4):503-519
We consider the problem of designing a surveillance system to detect a broad range of invasive species across a heterogeneous
sampling frame. We present a model to detect a range of invertebrate invasives whilst addressing the challenges of multiple
data sources, stratifying for differential risk, managing labour costs and providing sufficient power of detection. We determine
the number of detection devices required and their allocation across the landscape within limiting resource constraints. The
resulting plan will lead to reduced financial and ecological costs and an optimal surveillance system. 相似文献
847.
Climate change associated with sea level rise (SLR) is one of the major environmental concerns of today. This paper presents
an assessment of the impacts of sea level rise on the coastal zone of Kanyakumari District in Tamilnadu, India. Digital Elevation
Model (DEM) combined with overlay techniques in GIS are used in determining the inundation zones along the coastal region.
The analysis evaluated the impact on coastal fishing villages, landuse, tourist spots and sensitive areas under threat. The
vulnerability of the coastal areas in Kanyakumari to inundation was quantified, based on the projected sea level rise scenarios
of 0.5 and 1 m. Our findings reveal that approximately 13 km2 of the land area of Kanyakumari would be permanently inundated due to SLR. This would result in loss of land, alteration
of the coastal zone and affects coastal ecosystem. From the study, the mitigation measures (engineering measures) and Coastal
Zone Management practices that can be taken to protect human life and property from sea level rise are suggested. 相似文献
848.
Vittorio Barale 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2010,14(4):317-326
The ecosystem approach requires that all elements of an ecosystem, and their mutual interactions, be taken into consideration
in any management effort. The selection of suitable geographical units, where this approach can be taken, requires the assessment
of ecological provinces, characterized by a coherent set of environmental traits. The marine side of coastal zones, where
the interaction between atmosphere, land and sea is not bounded by evident geographic markers, represents a critical factor
in this assessment. A coastal province can be defined by physical setting, but also by its bio-geo-chemical features, ideally
on the basis of synoptic remote sensing data, collected at space/time scales not accessible by other means. Classifications
based on indicators such as temperature, wind speed and chlorophyll-like pigments, demonstrate the identification of potential
ecological provinces in the Mediterranean Sea. The results suggest remote sensing as the ideal tool to set up the basis for
an ecosystem approach to the management of each province. 相似文献
849.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous in the urban atmosphere and the atmospheric pollutants to be identified
as the most suspected carcinogens. In early measurements of urban PAH concentrations in Tehran area, the correlation between
concentrations of different species indicated that automobiles were the predominant source of emission of PAHs in this city.
From the diagnostic ratios, the results indicated that PAHs in the ambient air in Tehran originate primarily from diesel and
gasoline engines, but contribution of the related diesel emission is apparently higher, or dominant, at the sampling sites
and therefore considered as the major emission of PAHs in the ambient air. 相似文献
850.
Photochemical reaction of nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: effect by solvent and structure 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Stewart G Smith K Chornes A Harris T Honeysucker T Dasary SR Yu H 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2010,8(4):301-306
Photochemical degradation of 1-nitropyrene, 2-nitrofluorene, 2,7-dinitrofluorene, 6-nitrochrysene, 3-nitrofluoranthene, 5-nitroacenaphthene,
and 9-nitroanthracene was examined in CHCl3, CH2Cl2, DMF, DMF/H2O (80/20), CH3CN, or CH3CN/H2O (80/20). The degradation mostly follows the first order kinetics; but a few follow second order kinetics or undergo self-catalysis.
The photodegradation rates follow the order: CHCl3 > CH2Cl2 > DMF > DMF/H2O > CH3CN > CH3CN/H2O. DMF is an exceptional solvent because three of the seven compounds undergo self-catalytic reaction. 9-Nitroanthracene,
which has a perpendicular nitro group, is the fastest, while the more compact 1-nitropyrene and 3-nitrofluoranthene are the
slowest degrading compounds. 相似文献