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141.
Summary Since 1977, stringent environmental regulation has been progressively imposed on Malaysia's most polluting industry, the palm oil mills. The impact of the regulation on international trade and producer welfare has been quite small compared to the relative benefits to society in terms of changes in the levels of dissolved oxygen in the industrial effluents. External benefits from pollution abatement have been derived. This paper presents a preliminary evaluation of the derived benefits which have a long- term potential of recycling valuable resources while maintaining competitiveness in the international palm oil trade.Dr Khalid Abdul Rahim is a member of faculty in the Department of Natural Resource Economics at the Universiti Pertanian Malaysia. Wan Mustafa Wan Ali is a research assistant in the Department. This paper is based on part of the "Intensification of Research in Priority Areas" (IRPA) project 1991–95, funded by the Government of Malaysia. 相似文献
142.
Habitat destruction has resulted in the extinction of many plant species from the earth, and many more face extinction. Likely, the annual endemic Mediterranean knapweed (Centaurea tchihatcheffii) growing in the Golbasi district of Ankara, Turkey is facing extinction and needs urgent conservation. Plant tissue culture, a potentially useful technique for ex situ multiplication, was used for the restoration of this ill-fated plant through seed germination, micropropagation from stem nodes, and adventitious shoot regeneration from immature zygotic embryos. The seeds were highly dormant and very difficult to germinate. No results were obtained from the micropropagation of stem nodes. However, immature zygotic embryos showed the highest adventitious shoot regeneration on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, containing 1 mg l−1 kinetin and 0.25 mg l−1 NAA. Regenerated shoots were best rooted on MS medium containing 1 mg l−1 IBA and transferred to the greenhouse for flowering and seed set. As such, the present work is the first record of in vitro propagation of critically endangered C. tchihatcheffii, using immature zygotic embryos, and is a step forward towards conservation of this indigenous species. 相似文献
143.
Primary surveys were conducted in 20 villages and an equal number of community managed forests (CMFs) of two districts, Adilabad and Chittoor in the state of Andhra Pradesh in southern India. The interviews conducted with 216 respondents listed a total of 22 and 23 non-timber forest products (NTFP) from Adilabad and Chittoor districts, respectively, of which 15 species were common to both study districts. Eight of these NTFPs, including, Sterculia urens, Thysanolena maxima, Sapindus emerginatus, Dendrocalamus strictus, Pongamia pinnata, Schleichera oleosa, Azadirachta indica and Diospyros melenoxylon were collected for commercial purposes. The vegetation survey was conducted in a total of 240 sample plots in 20 CMFs, and found 15 NTFP species from Adilabad and 18 NTFP species from Chittoor. The density of NTFP trees in Adilabad was 52 trees/ha, as against an overall tree density of 278 trees/ha, while in Chittoor it was only 28 trees/ha as against an overall density of 110 trees/ha. The regeneration density of NTFP species was, however, higher in Chittoor. Some of the NTFP species, prioritized for conservation, included Sterculia urens, Tamarindus indica, Phyllanthus emblica, Strychnos nuxvomica, S. potatorum and Anogeissus latifolia. 相似文献
144.
Muzammil Anjum Azeem Khalid Tariq Mahmood Muhammad Arshad 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2012,14(4):388-395
Management of solid organic waste has become a major challenge in developing countries. Raw solid organic waste can be converted into biogas through anaerobic digestion; however, the efficiency of the process is influenced by various factors including the composition of the substrate. The present study was designed with the objective of enhancing the biodegradability of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) and biogas production through co-digestion of the substrate with melon residues. The study was conducted in batch mode in four phases. The results revealed that an addition of melon waste at the rate of 300?g?kg?1 OFMSW substantially increased the biodegradation rate and biogas production compared to OFMSW alone. The removal of up to 57.2?% volatile solids and a carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio of 15.9 was achieved at a 60?% water level when the digestion mixture was treated with inocula collected from partially-degraded food waste. The findings of this study reveal that melon residues could be used as a potential co-substrate to enhance the biodegradability of OFMSW and biogas production. 相似文献
145.
Elimination of chloramphenicol, sulphamethoxazole and oxytetracycline in shrimp, Penaeus chinensis following medicated-feed treatment 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Muscle residue depletion of chloramphenicol (CAP), sulphamethoxazole (SMZ) and oxytetracycline (OTC) following oral administration was evaluated in shrimp, Penaeus chinensis under field conditions. Three groups of shrimps were cultured in tanks filled with seawater and fed a commercial medicated diet containing 2000 mg kg(-1) CAP, SMZ and OTC, respectively, twice daily for 3 days. Sampling was conducted at different intervals (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 8, 10, 12, 16, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, 168 h) after the cessation of medication. Drug analysis was carried out by HPLC. The elimination half-life (t(1/2)) of CAP was 10.04 h, the elimination half-life (t(1/2)) of SMZ was 5.68 h and that of OTC was 16.12 h. If the EU MRPL value of 0.3 ng/g for CAP and MRL value of 0.1 microg/g for SMZ and OTC quoted for muscle from finfish is extended to shrimp muscle, extrapolation of the data indicates that it would be passed after a 139.7 h (95% CI=132.0-144.4 h), 30.6 h (95% CI=27.2-33.1 h), 90.3 h (95% CI=87.9-92.5 h) withdrawal period for CAP, SMZ and OTC in shrimp muscle, respectively. 相似文献
146.
Andaleeb FOZIA Anjum Zia MUHAMMAD Ashraf MUHAMMAD Mahmood Khalid ZAFAR 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2008,20(12):1475-1480
Heavy metal soil pollution takes place when the metal concentration of soil exceeds natural background level and causes ecological destruction and deterioration of the environment. In the present study, a pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of chromium-contaminated soil in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) growth attributes. Three different levels of chromium (Cr) i.e., 20, 40, and 60 mg/kg were applied to three varieties of sunflower (G-3, G-9, and G-59). The results of morphological, chemical, and yield parameters were recorded at crop maturity. The result showed that germination, root, and shoot lengths were decreased with increase in Cr concentrations. A gradual decrease was observed for various morphological parameters like root fresh and dry weights, shoot fresh and dry weights, and plant height with increase in Cr levels. A comparison among Cr treatments obtained a significant decrease in yield parameters as achenes/capitulum, achenes/plant, and 100 achenes weight in three varieties. Cr was significantly absorbed by roots but its transport to other parts of plants was slow, and uptake in seeds was much lower than in roots and shoots. 相似文献
147.
Mehmood Khalid Chang Shucheng Yu Shaocai Wang Liqiang Li Pengfei Li Zhen Liu Weiping Rosenfeld Daniel Seinfeld John H. 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2018,16(1):301-309
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Open biomass burning (OBB) with a main contribution from open crop straw burning (OCSB) plays a key role in the formation of heavy haze episodes during harvest... 相似文献
148.
Wu Yujie Wang Peng Yu Shaocai Wang Liqiang Li Pengfei Li Zhen Mehmood Khalid Liu Weiping Wu Jian Lichtfouse Eric Rosenfeld Daniel Seinfeld John H. 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2018,16(3):1117-1127
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Air pollution is an increasingly critical health issue responsible for numerous diseases and deaths worldwide. In China, to address severe air pollution in the... 相似文献
149.
Nasir Muhammad Adesina Adeyemi Ibrahim Mohammed Khan Muhammad Umar Al‑Amoudi Omar S. Baghabra Ali Syed Imran Maslehuddin Mohammed Alotaibi Khalid Saqer 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(48):72611-72611
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - 相似文献
150.
Attia Youssef A. Giorgio Gianpaolo M. Addeo Nicola F. Asiry Khalid A. Piccolo Giovanni Nizza Antonino Di Meo Carmelo Alanazi Naimah A. Al-qurashi Adel D. El-Hack Mohamed E. Abd Khafaga Asmaa F. Bovera Fulvia 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(7):9592-9605
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - COVID-19 pandemic has passed to the front all the contradictions of the beekeeping sector: the valuable role of bee products as immune enhancers and... 相似文献