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排序方式: 共有148条查询结果,搜索用时 656 毫秒
71.
Coro Gianpaolo Magliozzi Chiara Ellenbroek Anton Kaschner Kristin Pagano Pasquale 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2016,23(1):155-180
Environmental and Ecological Statistics - Habitat modifications driven by human impact and climate change may influence species distribution, particularly in aquatic environments. Niche-based... 相似文献
72.
Patrick A.W. van Hees Kristin Elgh-Dalgren Magnus Engwall Thomas von Kronhelm 《Resources, Conservation and Recycling》2008,52(12):1349-1361
The disposal of soil material after ex situ treatment of contaminated soil is an issue of growing concern. The handling and use of this material are surrounded by numerous regulatory, economic, technical and societal aspects that complicate or hinder re-cycling. As a consequence, the lack of means of recovery can in the long-term bias the whole remedial process. In addition, it can affect the competition between various treatment options such as ex situ, and in situ techniques and landfilling. At the same time the materials must not have any negative environmental impacts, and their usage must be compatible with existing risk assessment and management frameworks regarding contaminated land. Other concerns such as a possible distinction against “lightly” contaminated materials, waste status and public acceptance add to the complexity. This paper focuses on Swedish conditions, but does also provide an outlook concerning EU regulation. A summary of leaching and batch tests employed for re-use of soil and waste is presented as well as an overview of the eco-toxicological aspects of treated materials. The main conclusion is that re-cycling of treated soil is desirable from numerous aspects, but has to go along an adequate risk assessment. 相似文献
73.
What catch data can tell us about the status of global fisheries 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The only available data set on the catches of global fisheries are the official landings reported annually by the Food and
Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Attempts to detect and interpret trends in these data have been criticized
as being both technically and conceptually flawed. Here, we explore and refute these claims. We show explicitly that trends
in catch data are not an artifact of the applied method and are consistent with trends in biomass data of fully assessed stocks.
We also show that, while comprehensive stock assessments are the preferred method for evaluating single stocks, they are a
biased subsample of the stocks in a given area, strongly underestimating the percentage of collapsed stocks. We concur with
a recent assessment-based analysis by FAO that the increasing trends in the percentage of overexploited, depleted, and recovering
stocks and the decreasing trends in underexploited and moderately exploited stocks give cause for concern. We show that these
trends are much more pronounced if all available data are considered. 相似文献
74.
Eklind Y Sundberg C Smårs S Steger K Sundh I Kirchmann H Jönsson H 《Journal of environmental quality》2007,36(5):1512-1520
The effects of different process temperatures (40, 55, and 67 degrees C) during composting of source-separated household waste were studied in a 200 L compost reactor at an oxygen concentration of 16%. The overall decomposition measured as carbon mineralization, decomposition of different carbon constituents, and the dynamics of nitrogen mineralization and the microbial community, are reported. Ammonia emissions at 67 degrees C were more than double those at lower temperatures, and they were lowest at 40 degrees C. The decomposition rate, measured as CO2 emission, was highest at 55 degrees C. Decomposition of crude fat was slower at 40 degrees C than at 55 and 67 degrees C. The peak in microbial biomass was largest in the run at 40 degrees C, where substantial differences were seen in the microbial community structure and succession compared to thermophilic temperatures. Biowaste composting can be optimized to obtain both a high decomposition rate and low ammonia emissions by controlling the process at about 55 degrees C in the initial, high-rate stage. To reduce ammonia emissions it seems worthwhile to reduce the temperature after an initial high-temperature stage. 相似文献
75.
Assessment of the Conservation Measures Partnership's effort to improve conservation outcomes through adaptive management 下载免费PDF全文
Kent H. Redford Kristin B. Hulvey Matthew A. Williamson Mark W. Schwartz 《Conservation biology》2018,32(4):926-937
Conservation practice has demonstrated an increasing desire for accountability of actions, particularly with respect to effectiveness, efficiency, and impact to clearly identified objectives. This has been accompanied by increased attention to achieving adaptive management. In 2002, practitioners representing several prominent conservation nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) launched a community of practice called the Conservation Measures Partnership (CMP). The partnership CMP has worked to establish standards of conservation practice to improve accountability of conservation actions through adaptive management. The focal organizing framework for CMP has been the Open Standards for the Practice of Conservation (OS). We evaluated, through an online survey and personal interviews, the first decade of CMP and the OS. The CMP has garnered a positive reputation among agencies, NGOs, and funders and has succeeded in developing a large user base of the OS. However, CMP has not fully achieved its goal of making the OS standard operating procedure for the largest NGOs (e.g., The Nature Conservancy, World Wildlife Fund), despite it being widely used within these organizations. This lack of institutionalization is attributable to multiple causes, including an increase in the number of partially overlapping decision‐support frameworks and challenges achieving full‐cycle adaptive management. Users strongly believed the OS fosters better conservation practice and highly valued the OS for improving their practice. A primary objective of the OS is to assist practitioners to achieve full‐cycle adaptive management to better integrate learning into improving the effectiveness and efficiency of actions. However, most practitioners had not yet achieved cycle completion for their projects. To improve the effectiveness of CMP, OS, and conservation practice in general, we recommend collaborative efforts among the proponents of multiple decision‐support frameworks to foster strong institutional adoption of a common set of adaptive‐management standards for conservation accountability. 相似文献
76.
The natural resource management literature documents many reasons for pursuing collaborative processes, offering useful insights on how to manage conflict and facilitate productive deliberation in complex multistakeholder collaborative efforts. Moral foundations theory and self-affirmation theory can further help collaborative efforts mitigate conflicts caused by identity threats and the identity-protective reasoning these threats provoke. Moral foundations theory suggests an approach to increase collaboration by minimizing triggering language and helping people appreciate opposing viewpoints. Self-affirmation theory suggests a practical intervention that could be used to increase collaboration by desensitizing people to identity threats and reducing defensiveness. Taken together, these theories can contribute substantially to the understanding and practice of collaboration and conflict management for conservation. 相似文献
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Daniel C. Wigley Kristin Shrader-Frechette 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》1996,9(1):61-82
The paper begins with a brief analysis of the concepts of environmental justice and environmental racism and classism. The authors argue that pollution- and environment-related decision-making is prima facie wrong whenever it results in inequitable treatment of individuals on the basis of race or socio-economic status. The essay next surveys the history of the doctrine of free informed consent and argues that the consent of those affected is necessary for ensuring the fairness of decision-making for siting hazardous facilities. The paper also points out that equal opportunity to environmental protection and free informed consent are important rights. Finally, it presents a case study on the proposed uranium enrichment facility near Homer, Louisiana and argues that siting the plant would violate norms of distributive equity and free informed consent. It concludes that siting the facility is a case of environmental injustice and likely an example of environmental racism or classism. 相似文献