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排序方式: 共有150条查询结果,搜索用时 203 毫秒
91.
Tomofumi Mogami Teruo Suzuki Kwang Seok Choi Takashi Ikehata 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2010,23(2):237-241
As a method to prevent or mitigate cone discharges in a specific section such as a large silo, we have developed a new feedback control-type ionizer system. The feedback control-type system is composed mainly of an ionizer, an electrostatic field strength meter, and computer control equipment. In this study, we evaluated experimentally the practical version of the feedback control-type ionizer system through several tests in a pneumatic powder transport facility. The specific charges of the falling pellets in the silo were also measured for 10 s using a Faraday cage. Polypropylene (PP) pellets with a mean particle size of 3 mm were used in this experiment. The results of the experiment revealed that the feedback control-type ionizer system had the following characteristics: (1) it is possible to control the performance of the ionizer with a supply current; (2) the electrostatic field strength in the loading pipe from the charged powder is reduced and maintained at near zero by using the feedback control-type system; and (3) the performance of the feedback control-type system is superior to that of others, such as the conventional AC- or DC-type ionizers. 相似文献
92.
Farnsworth JE Goyal SM Kim SW Kuehn TH Raynor PC Ramakrishnan MA Anantharaman S Tang W 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2006,8(10):1006-1013
The aim of the work presented here is to study the effectiveness of building air handling units (AHUs) in serving as high volume sampling devices for airborne bacteria and viruses. An HVAC test facility constructed according to ASHRAE Standard 52.2-1999 was used for the controlled loading of HVAC filter media with aerosolized bacteria and virus. Nonpathogenic Bacillus subtilis var. niger was chosen as a surrogate for Bacillus anthracis. Three animal viruses; transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), avian pneumovirus (APV), and fowlpox virus were chosen as surrogates for three human viruses; SARS coronavirus, respiratory syncytial virus, and smallpox virus; respectively. These bacteria and viruses were nebulized in separate tests and injected into the test duct of the test facility upstream of a MERV 14 filter. SKC Biosamplers upstream and downstream of the test filter served as reference samplers. The collection efficiency of the filter media was calculated to be 96.5 +/- 1.5% for B. subtilis, however no collection efficiency was measured for the viruses as no live virus was ever recovered from the downstream samplers. Filter samples were cut from the test filter and eluted by hand-shaking. An extraction efficiency of 105 +/- 19% was calculated for B. subtilis. The viruses were extracted at much lower efficiencies (0.7-20%). Our results indicate that the airborne concentration of spore-forming bacteria in building AHUs may be determined by analyzing the material collected on HVAC filter media, however culture-based analytical techniques are impractical for virus recovery. Molecular-based identification techniques such as PCR could be used. 相似文献
93.
Methane production potential of leachate generated from Korean food waste recycling facilities: a lab-scale study 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
This paper examines the applicability of food waste leachate (FWL) in bioreactor landfills or anaerobic digesters to produce methane as a sustainable solution to the persisting leachate management problem in Korea. Taking into account the climatic conditions in Korea and FWL characteristics, the effect of key parameters, viz., temperature, alkalinity and salinity on methane yield was investigated. The monthly average moisture content and the ratio of volatile solids to total solids of the FWL were found to be 84% and 91%, respectively. The biochemical methane potential experiment under standard digestion conditions showed the methane yield of FWL to be 358 and 478 ml/g VS after 10 and 28 days of digestion, respectively, with an average methane content of 70%. Elemental analysis showed the chemical composition of FWL to be C(13.02)H(23.01)O(5.93)N(1). The highest methane yield of 403 ml/g VS was obtained at 35 degrees C due to the adaptation of seed microorganisms to mesophilic atmosphere, while methane yields at 25, 45 and 55 degrees C were 370, 351 and 275 ml/g VS, respectively, at the end of 20 days. Addition of alkalinity had a favorable effect on the methane yield. Dilution of FWL with salinity of 2g/l NaCl resulted in 561 ml CH(4)/g VS at the end of 30 days. Considering its high biodegradability (82.6%) and methane production potential, anaerobic digestion of FWL in bioreactor landfills or anaerobic digesters with a preferred control of alkalinity and salinity can be considered as a sustainable solution to the present emergent problem. 相似文献
94.
Yang Yu Ing W. Lo Ping H. Liao Kwang V. Lo 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(8):804-809
The microwave enhanced advanced oxidation process (MW/H2O2-AOP) was used to treat dairy manure for solubilization of nutrients and organic matters. This study investigated the effectiveness of the MW/H2O2-AOP under a continuous mode of operation, and compared the results to those of batch operations. The main factors affecting solubilization by the MW/H2O2-AOP were heating temperature and hydrogen peroxide dosage. Soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) and volatile fatty acids (VFA) increased with an increase of microwave (MW) heating temperature; very high concentrations were obtained at 90°C. Insignificant amounts of ammonia and reducing sugars were released in all runs. An acidic pH condition was required for phosphorus solubilisation from dairy manure. The best yield was obtained at 90°C with an acid dosage of 1.0 %; about 92 % of total phosphorus and 90 % of total chemical oxygen demand were in the soluble forms. The MW/H2O2-AOP operated in a continuous operation mode showed pronounced synergistic effects between hydrogen peroxide and microwave irradiation when compared to a batch system under similar operating conditions, resulting in much better yields. 相似文献
95.
Operation parameters such as waste feed rate, air supply, and temperature of the gas in incineration plants should be carefully determined for various situations, which include seasonal and annual changes in fuel characteristics, and performance change of the hardware. These changes may cause off-design point operation of the incinerators, which results in many problems in operation of the flue gas treatment system, low-oxygen in the combustion chamber, thermal damage of the incinerator wall, and so on. In this study, an engineering approach using computational tools along with field tests and observation is presented. For computational tools, a 0-dimensional model for heat and mass balance, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and a global prediction model for dioxin are employed. They play a key role in diagnosing incineration systems and evaluating changes in operating conditions. The typical results of each tool are reported, and examples of improvement in operating performance are described. 相似文献
96.
Bacteria transport and adhesion experiments under water-saturated and partially saturated conditions were examined over a
wide range of ionic strength, from 1 to 100 mM KCl, CaCl2, and MgCl2, and at water contents of 0.15 and 0.22 in sand columns packed with three different sands, baked, sterilized, and raw sands
in order to investigate the effects of ionic strength, water content, and porous media type on the microbial adhesion in soil
aquifer treatment (SAT). Well-characterized Escherichia coli JM109 were used as model bacterial cells in this study. Column study results showed that bacterial deposition rates increased
with increasing ionic strength and decreasing water content, and were higher in raw sand columns than those in other sand
columns. The Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (DLVO) theory was applied to experimental results in order to consider the interaction
energies between the bacterial cells and collector grains; results revealed that a considerable amount of bacterial cells
was weakly deposited onto the solid surfaces in secondary minimum. 相似文献
97.
The microwave enhanced advanced oxidation process (MW/H(2)O(2)-AOP) was used to treat dairy manure for solubilization of nutrients and organic matters. This study investigated the effectiveness of the MW/H(2)O(2)-AOP under a continuous mode of operation, and compared the results to those of batch operations. The main factors affecting solubilization by the MW/H(2)O(2)-AOP were heating temperature and hydrogen peroxide dosage. Soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) and volatile fatty acids (VFA) increased with an increase of microwave (MW) heating temperature; very high concentrations were obtained at 90°C. Insignificant amounts of ammonia and reducing sugars were released in all runs. An acidic pH condition was required for phosphorus solubilisation from dairy manure. The best yield was obtained at 90°C with an acid dosage of 1.0 %; about 92 % of total phosphorus and 90 % of total chemical oxygen demand were in the soluble forms. The MW/H(2)O(2)-AOP operated in a continuous operation mode showed pronounced synergistic effects between hydrogen peroxide and microwave irradiation when compared to a batch system under similar operating conditions, resulting in much better yields. 相似文献
98.
A mathematical model was developed to describe phenol degradation in an anaerobic fixed-biofilm process. The model incorporates the mechanisms of diffusive mass transport and Monod kinetics. The model was solved using a combination of the orthogonal collocation method and Gear's method. A pilot-scale column reactor was used to verify the model. Batch kinetic tests were conducted independently to determine the biokinetic parameters used in the model, while shear loss and initial thickness of biofilm were assumed so that the model simulated the substrate concentration results well. The removal efficiency for phenol was approximately 98.5% at a steady-state condition. The model accurately described the effluent substrate concentrations and the sequence of biodegradation in the reactor. The model simulations are in agreement with the experimental results. The approaches presented in this paper could be used to design fullscale anaerobic fixed-biofilm reactor systems for the biodegradation of phenolic substrates. 相似文献
99.
100.