用模糊数学和层次分析法进行城市综合环境质量评价

介绍了一种用模糊数学和层次分析法进行城市综合环境质量评价的方法,并用此方法对乌鲁木齐市的城市综合环境质量进行了评价,取得了较为满意的结果.     

砷钼杂多酸─罗丹明6G荧光猝灭法测定痕量砷

探讨了在聚乙烯醇存在下，砷钼杂多酸──罗丹明６Ｇ荧光猝灭法测定痕量砷的条件，其λ_（ｅｍ）位于５６０ｎｍ，Ａｓ（Ｖ）量在２～６０ｎｇ／ｍＬ范围内与荧光猝灭值成线性关系。方法可用于环境水样中痕量砷的测定。     

模糊向量加权记分评价水质

本文把模糊综合评判得到的水质模糊等级向量作为权,赋予不同的分值,即模糊向量加权记分,依据评分的高低确定水质级别,宏观上与最大隶属度判别原则判别结果一致,微观上提高了判别灵敏度,从而达到客观评价水环境质量的目的。     

The effects of hydrogen peroxide pre-oxidation on ultrafiltration membrane biofouling alleviation in drinking water treatment

Pre-oxidation is widely used to reduce ultrafiltration membrane fouling.However,the variation in the composition of microbial communities and extracellular polymeric substances(EPSs) accompanying pre-oxidation in drinking water treatment has received little attention.In this study,hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_2) was used in a coagulationultrafiltration process with Al_2(SO_4)_3·18H_2O.A long-term reactor experiment(60 d) showed that pre-oxidation alleviated membrane fouling,mainly due to its inhibition of microbial growth,as observed by flow cytometry measurements of the membrane tank water.Further analysis of the formed cake layer demonstrated that the corresponding levels of EPS released from the microbes were lower with than without H_2O_2 treatment.In comparison to polysaccharides,proteins dominated the EPS.2 D-electrophoresis showed little difference(p 0.05,Student's t-test) in the composition of proteins in the cake layer between the treatments with and without H_2O_2.The molecular weights of proteins ranged from approximately 30–50 kDa and the majority of isoelectric points ranged from 6 to 8.Highthroughput sequencing showed that the predominant bacteria were Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,and Verrucomicrobia in both cake layers.However,the relative abundance of Planctomycetes was higher in the cake layer with H_2O_2 pre-oxidation,which was likely probably due to the strong oxidative resistance of its cell wall.Overall,our findings clarify the fundamental molecular mechanism in H_2O_2 pre-oxidation for ultrafiltration membrane bio-fouling alleviation in drinking water treatment.     

引入绿色可再生能源的电力产品营销策略改进研究

从绿色可再生能源电力产品营销策略现状分析着手,分析绿色可再生能源的分布不均匀及绿色可再生能源的营销制度尚未完善对电力发展产生的严重制约。引入绿色可再生能源理念,从合理推广绿色可再生能源的电力产品、大力开发绿色可再生能源电力产品、拓宽绿色可再生能源电力产品市场、建立绿色可再生能源电力产品交易系统、健全绿色可再生能源电力产品的营销法规及制度以及制定绿色可再生能源电力产品的产业竞争优势战略等方面对电力产品营销策略进行改进,实现绿色可再生能源的合理分配。     

气候环境实验室降/扬雪环境表征方法分析

针对国内目前尚未开展过民机整机级实验室降/扬雪试验、对适航关注的降/扬雪环境参数不明确等问题,分析了气候环境实验室降/扬雪环境表征方法。首先从与降/扬雪相关的气象标准、环境试验标准、适航符合性验证方法和国外民机相关试验资料这四个方面着手收集了与降/扬雪环境相关的文献,分析提炼出了10个可对降/扬雪环境进行表征的方法。然后以民机降/扬雪环境下的适航符合性验证要求为基础,结合上述提炼出的10个表征方法,分析确定采用温度、能见度、总含水量、风速和雪密度对气候环境实验室降/扬雪环境进行表征,研究得到的降/扬雪环境表征方法可为将来在气候环境实验室内开展民机降/扬雪试验提供参考。     

多级土壤渗漏系统处理农村生活污水

构建了多级土壤渗漏系统（MSL）以处理农村生活污水,主要研究了MSL的挂膜启动特征,进水水力负荷对MSL处理生活污水性能的影响,以及MSL运行过程中生物膜的特征.实验结果表明,采用连续进水的方式挂膜28d后,挂膜成功,MSL对生活污水中COD,氨氮,TN,TP的去除率分别达到84.5%,74.7%,66.7%,76.4%.MSL运行过程中,表现出对进水水力负荷变化较强的适应性,水力负荷为400L/（m²·d）时,生活污水中COD,氨氮,TN,TP的平均去除率分别达到93.4%,94.9%,80.4%,94.7%,系统出水水质能够满足城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准（GB18918-2002）一级A标准.MSL对有机物和氮磷的去除途径结果表明,微生物降解和转化作用对污水中COD,氨氮,TN的去除贡献率最大,Fe³⁺与PO₄^3-的化学沉淀作用则是TP去除的主要途径.实时荧光定量PCR技术检测结果显示,生物膜中硝化功能菌占总菌群的35.5%.     

浅谈建筑材料利用与环境保护

建筑材料在取材、生产加工、运输、使用和废弃的过程中,排放出大量废水、废气和废渣,对人类的健康造成威胁,产生有害物质,导致大气、水体和土壤污染.因此要开发与生产资源节约型和环保型建筑材料,制定健全的建材环保法规来保护环境.     

APPLICATION OF PARAMETER OPTIMIZATION METHOD FOR CALIBRATING TANK MODEL1

ABSTRACT: Many automatic calibration processes have been proposed to efficiently calibrate the 16 parameters involved in the four‐layered tank model. The Multistart Powell and Stuffed Complex Evolution (SCE) methods are considered the best two procedures. Two rainfall events were designed to compare the performance and efficiency of these two methods. The first rainfall event is short term and the second designed for long term rainfall data collection. Both rainfall events include a lengthy no‐rainfall period. Two sets of upper and lower values for the search range were selected for the numerical tests. The results show that the Multistart Powell and SCE methods are able to obtain the true values for the 16 parameters with a sufficiently long no‐rainfall period after a rainfall event. In addition, by using two selected objective functions, one based on root mean square error and one based on root mean square relative error criteria, it is found that the no‐rainfall period lengths necessary to obtain the converged true values for the 16 parameters are roughly the same. The SCE method provides a more efficient search based on an appropriate preliminary search range. The Multistart Powell method, on the other hand, leads to more accurate search results when there is no suitable search range selected based on the parameter calibration experience.     

旋风炉附烧处理后解毒铬渣的安定性研究

着重阐明了铬渣经肇风炉附烧及炉餐水淬处理后生成的玻璃体粒化解毒渣的安定性问题，通过对解毒渣的物相结构，浸溶性和高温稳定性等试验分析，最终判明解毒渣在≤５００℃条件下没有玻璃化倾向，在自然环境中储放和用作建材，都是安定和安全的。