制备参数对Mn-Ce/TiO2催化剂脱硝性能的影响

以锐钛矿型TiO₂为载体,采用分步共混法制备了Mn-Ce/TiO₂催化剂,通过考察不同活性组分前驱体、焙烧温度以及活性组分负载量对催化剂样品脱硝性能的影响,以确定最佳制备参数;结合XRD（X射线衍射）、XPS（X射线光电子能谱分析）、BET比表积等表征手段研究制备参数对催化剂性能的影响.结果表明:无定型态MnO₂含量越多,越有利于提高催化剂的脱硝活性;催化剂样品表面原子浓度比Mn/Ti[或（Mn+Ce）/Ti]越高,催化剂表面有效活性组分越多,催化剂脱硝活性越好.以自制Mn盐（MX）为前驱体,在Mn-Ce活性组分负载量为16%时,经500℃焙烧的催化剂样品脱硝活性最高;反应空速为10000 h-1,反应温度为80℃时,其脱硝效率可达80%,150℃时脱硝效效率可达99%.      

粤东一个类型独特的锡矿床

作者对西岭凤地山锡矿床的成矿地质条件,特别是火山构造、岩浆演化与成矿的关系进行了研究,认为:西岭锡矿是一个与火山侵出相碎斑熔岩时、空、成因关系密切的次火山热液脉状锡矿床。根据西岭锡矿的地质环境和成矿物理化学条件、矿质、水介质来源建立了理想的成矿模式。进而指出粤东斑岩锡矿的远景。西岭锡矿类型的确定,对粤东和赣南火山岩地区锡矿普查具有重要意义。     

把握房地产开发建设项目竣工环保验收监测工作的重要环节

以南京市房地产开发项目环保验收监测中具体作法为实例,总结归纳了此类项目环境保护验收监测工作中现场勘察、产污环节、监测因子等重要环节的内容。     

Evidence for a mutual effect of biofilms, suspended particles and sediments on DDT sorption

This report shows that biofilms and suspended particles double DDT sorption capacity on surface sediments. Sorption of pollutants by solid materials, such as biofilms, suspended particles and sediments, is a major process controlling the fate of hydrophobic pollutants in natural waters. Most previous studies focused on the sorption of hydrophobic pollutants by single-solid material, whereas few studies considered the mutual effect of different solids on the sorption. Various solid materials often interact with each other when they coexist in the same system. Therefore, pollutants sorption could be different from that in the single-solid sorption system. Here we studied the mutual effect of biofilms, suspended particles and surface sediments on the sorption of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). Results showed that biofilms and suspended particles double DDT sorption capacity on surface sediments. The different effects were mainly determined by distinct components and structures of the three solid materials, particularly by organic components. Here we show the mutual effect of biofilms, suspended particles and sediments on DDT sorption.     

丹江口水库生态系统健康综合评价

2007年7月～2008年5月按季度对丹江口水库4个库区(丹江库区、汉江库区、取水口和五青入库区)的水环境和浮游生物进行了调查,采用生态系统健康指数(EHI)法和营养状态指数(TSI)法对该水库的生态系统健康状态进行定量的综合评价.结果表明:2007年7月～2008年5月,丹江口水库整体处于中营养状态,健康状态中等,健康状态总趋势是丹江库区>取水口>汉江库区>五青入库区;各库区生态系统健康状态存在季节性差异,丹江库区、取水口两库区全年为中等,汉江库区在夏季为较差,其它季节中等,五青入库区在冬季最差,其它季节较差.此外,对两种评价方法进行了比较,表明丹江口水库属于响应型生态系统,生态系统健康指数(EHI)适用于丹江口水库生态系统健康的评价.     

Field Studies on 32P Movement and P Leaching from Flooded Paddy Soils in the Region of Taihu Lake, China

Field experiments were done in two sites, Yixing and Changshu, Jiangsu province, China, to study P movement and leaching in flooded paddy soils. P movement in soil was investigated by using the KH₂ ³²PO₄ tracker method, and the amount of P leached from the soil layer in different depths was estimated by measuring P concentrations in the soil solution and saturated hydraulic conductivities in field. Determination was done about one month after P application. There was 46% and 42% of total ³²P retained in the 0–5cm layer of soil in the Yixing site and in the Changshu site respectively. The ³²P retained in the 25–30 cm layer was only about 1–2% of the total ³²P added. Furthermore, 8.01% of ³²P in the soil of Yixing site and 16.8% of ³²P in the soil of Changshu site was lost from the layer 0–30cm soil. The seasonal amounts of P leached from the top soil layer and from bottom layer are about 4.5–5.8% and 1.6–2.1% of the total P application, respectively. Changes of total P concentrations in soil solutions during rice growth showed that the fertilizer P applied before flooding of the paddy fields suffered a flash leaching loss and a slow leaching loss. We concluded that the fertilizer P could quickly move in the flooded paddy rice field and parts of it can enter into surface water and ground water. Unless the P application is well managed the risk of P loss and consequently environmental pollution exist.     

Tolerance of the black soldier fly,Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) to pH value,pungency, and NaCl in foodstuffs北大核心CSCD

The black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens, has been considered impressive as a saprophagous insect, for its high ability to convert organic waste to insect protein and oil. Hence, it has been regarded by the municipal administration that BSF might be used as a medium to deal with food waste. However, food waste in China has been characterized as having a high salt content, oily, and very spicy, which usually renders them unsuitable for animal feeding. In order to assess the technological reliability for BSF conversion of food waste, the tolerance of BSF for pH values, pungency, and NaCl in food were investigated in this case. Results indicated that strong acidity (pH = 3) was not good for the development of BSF, demonstrating less body weight and eclosion failure. In contrast, strong basicity (pH = 11) seemed to be beneficial for larval development with high biomass, and there is no difference in pupation, eclosion, larval biomass, and livability for BSF for pH values between 5 and 11. With regards to salinity, liner correlations were observed; the salinity strength increased along with the extension of the larval phase, but body weight, pupation rate, emerging rate, and livability were still consistent under 6% density of salinity. Influence of pungency on BSF larvae has not yet been found. In conclusion, BSF showed a high tolerance to pH value, pungency, and salinity in foodstuffs. Hence, it is expected that food waste from common environments might have a lesser possibility to cause negative effects on BSF development, which could be good news for BSF conversion technology. As for the process design, the conclusion suggested that food waste optimum for BSF is expected to be alkaline and low-salt, which would be helpful to improve the efficiency and harvest. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

瑞典环境税——政策效果及其对中国的启示

文章回顾了瑞典的环境税费，特别是与能源相关的环境税的发展沿革，从环境效益、财政效益、能源结构调整效应三个方面分析了瑞典能源一环境税的效果，并展望瑞典环境税的发展前景。最后指出了瑞典环境税制度对中国的借鉴意义。     

反相HPLC-电化学检测测定苯酚和苯胺

在此采用反相HPLC安培检测研究了影响苯酚和苯胺分离的各因素,建立了同时分离测定这两种组分的色谱条件。在ShimpackCLCC8柱上,以0.05molLNaH2PO4+0.05mmolLEDTA·2Na(pH5.5)+10%CH3OH作流动相,于E+0.1V处检测,线性范围在0～15μgmL,检测限在ngmL级。     

钦州湾生态系统健康主要存在问题及保护对策

近年来,海洋生态系统健康受到了社会的不断关注。本文基于钦州湾海洋生态系统健康评价的结果,利用近几年的数据资料,筛选出该海湾海洋生态系统健康存在的主要问题。从筛选结果来看,近年来钦州湾海洋生态系统所受的环境压力较大,生态系统出现了组织结构变简单、活力降低、出现病态症状等主要问题。为了进一步提高钦州湾生态系统健康状态,本文从流域整治、污染减排、减少扰动、生态建设、加强管理等方面提出保护和修复建议。